农林复合生态系统氮素平衡及其评价

农业生态系统中养分的平衡状况及其合理性评价，是探讨农业生产和环境变化的前提和基础。选择三峡库区上游川中丘陵区一典型农林复合生态系统，依据系统养分循环概念模型，进行了农田和林地定位监测、耕地和盆钵模拟试验以及参与式农户调查等，研究系统的氮素各收入支出参数，计算系统的氮素平衡并对平衡合理性进行评价。结果表明，本复合生态系统旱地和整个农田子系统氮素略有盈余，盈亏量分别为56.1 kg/hm2·a和42 kg/hm\2·a，实际盈亏率为10.4%和8.2%；而水稻田和复合系统有少量亏缺，盈亏量分别为-13.21 kg/hm2·a和-37.5 kg/hm2·a，实际盈亏率分别为为-3.2%和-7.8%；林地亏缺较大，盈亏量为-165.9 kg/hm2·a，实际盈亏率为-39.2%。模型计算的允许盈亏率（旱地23.4%，水稻田-37.2%）评价表明，旱地和水稻田目前的氮素平衡基本上是合理的。与1960s系统氮平衡比较，可以看到林地在减少水土流失、促进养分的合理循环方面发挥了重要作用，应受到充分的重视。     

Assessment of frequent cutting as a plant-community management technique in power-line corridors

Repeated cutting of vegetation at or near ground level in power-line corridors is a common practice for inhibiting tree growth and regeneration. However, few data exist on long-term community responses. In this study, we sampled 20 northern Kentucky power-line corridors and compared their seedling and sapling communities to the edges and interiors of adjacent undisturbed forests. Mean seedling and sapling density in corridors was roughly twice that of adjacent undisturbed forest interiors, suggesting that repeated cutting is not a viable method of inhibiting tree regeneration. Corridor communities were dominated byRobinia pseudoacacia (black locust) andFraxinus americana (white ash), but ordinations indicated strong similaritties among communities in corridors and adjacent forests. Many of the tree species found in adjacent forests, with the exception of a few shade-tolerant species, had highest seedling and sapling densities in corridors. Stump or root sprouting by many species appears to regenerate forests quickly after cutting. However, disturbed soil and detritus accumulations caused by management crews and their equipment may also create a large variety of microsites for seedling establishment. Because repeated cutting selects for dominance by species with highest sprout growth rates, it should not be used as the sole management technique. It may instead be used to alter the vigor, stature, and stored reserves of trees so that herbicides or other methods of tree control can be used more efficiently.     

浅析水土流失对农业生态系统的危害及其农业防治对策

本文以四川水土流失情况为例,着重分析论述了水土流失对农业生态系统的严重危害,从而阐明了水土保持对农牧业生产的重要性和紧迫性,并从省情出发,总结提出了当前乃至今后相当一个时期,农牧部门应积极采取的几项行之有效的防治对策措施,可供各级政府和领导决策参考。     

小良热带人工窿缘桉林群落结构分析

本文分析了广东小良24龄的人工窿缘桉林的群落结构。结果表明:该群落种类简单,以矮高位芽植物和大型叶植物为主,但建群种窿缘桉不属此列,反映了其生境差的特点;乔木层植物的密度虽小,但叶面积指数大。灌木、草本层植物密度较大,却无窿缘桉幼苗;组成结构分析表明群落的乔木层结构向着简单化或稳定方向发展,而灌木层和草本层向着复杂的方向发展;该群落总的生物量为217.7t/hm~2,其中树干的积累量最大,生产上可以林分改造组建混交林。     

Timber harvest calculations on a National Forest: A case study

Harvest calculations determine sawtimber flows from public lands and are closely scruntinized by a wide spectrum of forest users. This study examines the reliability of harvest calculations on a single national forest in New Mexico Forest Service determinations of an array of variables were reviewed and evaluated. The study revealed a lack of precision in Forest Service adherence to self-imposed procedural standards governing the calculation process. Timber sales have taken place on lands where such standards prohibit harvesting and these lands have been included in annual harvest calculations. Assumptions required by a mathematical model used by the Forest Service in calculating the harvest were not followed in the subsequent implementation of the harvest level. These factors suggest that the Forest Service could have significantly over-stated annual harvest rate for the first decade. Opportunities exist to improve the calculation, and benefits realized may greatly exceed additional costs of implementation     

Human impacts on the terrestrial ecosystem of Fildes Peninsula of King George Island, Antarctica

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试论海岛的持续性生态系统建设

本文从可持续发展角度论述了我国海岛的生态建设和几个重要方面，指出海岛持续性生态系统建设意义内涵和途径，在海岛的持续性生态系统建设中必须做好岛屿陆域绿色工程，环岛海域生态型渔业，海岛森林公园，海岛生态保护业和海岛特殊开发利用模式等几项工作，并就上述问题提出应采取的对策，使海岛的一切利用和环境保护有机地结合起来，也为强化海岛的立法管理和建立健全协调机构提出重要建议。     

清水江流域的生态环境变迁与可持续发展

清水江流域是贵州省少数民族聚居、经济落后的地区。本文通过对该流域森林资源变迁的剖析，提出保护生态环境的措施，以保证流域的可持续发展。     

林火管理经济学的研究与探讨——多种防火要素投入的最佳组合

用经济学的观点分析了多种防火要素投入时的等减灾效益与等成本曲线,研究了多种防火要素之间的相互替代与边际替代率问题,提出了多种防火要素投入时最佳组合的判据。