信息化建设:开发区产业升级与可持续发展之路

面对当前我国经济开发区发展所面临的主要挑战，无论从自身经济增长规律出发．还是应对外部竞争压力，在新形势下，信息化是实现开发区产业升级与可持续发展的必由之路。如何针对开发区实际状况，系统、科学地进行信息化建设，包括大力发展信息产业并使其成为支柱产业，开创新经济增长点；以信息技术改造传统产业，促进产业升级与结构调整；以电子政务提高政府管理水平与服务效率、以电子商务提高企业的经营绩效与创新能力；以信息化推动城市化进程，提高人口素质与生活水平等。针对上述议题，特提出以“数字城市”建设、完善信息产业链为核心的开发区信息化发展战略。     

Population Ageing and Sustainable Development Research in China

According to the United Nations population projections, the population of the elderly is expected to roughly triple in China from 2000 to 2050, particularly when the generations who were born between the 1950s and 1970s move through the age structure, and also because people are living longer and fertility rates have fallen, population aging is expected to put pressure on government's fiscal balance through higher old-age security benefits and health-care expenditures. This work draws together the broad range of elements involved within a consistent framework, based on a computable dynamic general equilibrium model with an overlapping generation structure. Further analysis using model simulation illustrates that the alternative schemes for the benefit rate, retirement age and technological progress are likely to be beneficial, and that an obvious slow-down in the growth of living standards is likely to be avoided.     

Evolutionof Sustainable Carbon Cycling Processes in China

This report summarizes the surveys on carbon inventories and initiatives on sustainable carbon cycling taken by RCEES. The first part of this report deals with the concept of sustainable carbon cycling, the historical evolution of carbon cycling processes in China, carbon pool enhancement, value addition, carbon sequestration and carbon balance. The second part covers the modeling of carbon dynamics, emission inventories of various carbon containing greenhouse gases and their potential abatement measures.     

Recent socio-economic changes in relation to environmental quality of the Pearl River delta

Due to the favorable weather, abundant water resources and fertile soil, the area has been known as the homeland for crops and fish. However, being one of the most developed regions in China, the environmental quality of the Pearl River delta has deteriorated due to recent socio-economic changes during the past two decades. The drivers are industrialization and economic growth, population growth and agricultural development; and the pressures are water pollution which include nutrients and suspended solids, pesticides, other persistent toxic substances (PAHs and PCBs) and oil. These have imposed various impacts such as eutrophication, formation of red tides and biomagnification of organic contaminants through food chains. In response to these, regulatory measures have been established by the Environmental Protection Bureau of Guangdong Province, joining forces with environmental protection authorities in all urban cities and most counties, in addition to the Hong Kong Environmental Protection Department, to control pollution in order to prevent further environmental deterioration and economic loss. The present paper is an attempt by following the DPSIR approach promoted by the OECD in the early 1990s and further developed by IGBP LOICZ to review the environmental quality of Pearl River with emphasis on water quality and the impact of rapid socio-economic changes.     

Proposal of Indicators to Assess Urban Sustainability in Brazil

The research related here focuses on municipal situations where problems of sustainability may be defined and tackled on the basis of bottom-up management procedures with the participation of organized society. The aim is to build management models that may be implemented with reasonable administrative effort and cost. Implementation pursues the target of approaching a sustainable situation in the municipality. Environmental parameters for an ideal municipality with undefined geographical location are presented. For each parameter, a set of indicators is developed that can measure the prospect of sustainability. The indicators are defined in terms of numbers or literal concepts according to the possibility of measurement. Examples of management models are presented, which are able to approach the situation defined as sustainable by the indicators. The basic management tool is the learning curve of targeted communities, which is experimentally developed and applied. The indicators are grouped according to their range of applicability.     

三峡工程对长江流域可持续发展的影响

可持续发展观念应该正确理解,研究可持续发展不能脱离国家或地区的发展水平。在分析长江流域可持续发展的限制因子（频繁的洪水灾害、偏低的防洪能力、落后的社会经济水平及脆弱的生态环境）的基础上,从三峡工程的防洪作用、发电效益、航运效益以及三峡工程效益发挥的可持续性方面,研究了三峡工程对长江流域可持续发展的促进作用。同时论述了三峡工程的建设对长江中上游地区生态环境综合治理及库区社会经济发展的带动作用。认为三峡工程的建设符合我国当今可持续发展战略,是全面促进长江流域社会经济环境可持续发展的关键性工程。     

江苏沿江开发研究

随着中国加入WTO和经济全球化进程的加快,长江三角洲以其独特的滨江临海的区位和发达的制造业基础,正在成为新的投资热点地区。江苏省沿江地区是长江三角洲重要的组成部分,拥有800多km的长江岸线和8个经济发达、人才资源优势明显的经济中心城市。传统的制造业基础和相对低廉的加工成本、商务成本,使江苏沿江开发既有对外来资本的吸引力,又有自我发展的内生机制。重点研究了全球化背景下江苏沿江开发的战略问题,主要包括：①江苏沿江地区开发的环境和条件比较分析;②沿江产业带重组与实施跨江开发;③再造新战略据点;④打破行政区界限沿江联动实施区域一体化,等等。最后指出：加快江苏沿江开发,必须科学规划、统筹安排,做到空间合理、时间有序,同时考虑沿江的环境容量有限,应实施可持续发展和南北联动的开发战略,拓展沿江的开发空间,提升沿江的产业发展水平。     

中国可持续发展综合评价研究

可持续发展作为一个动态、开放的复杂巨系统。人口、资源、经济、环境和科技构成了其关键要素。本文基于PREEST系统模型。首先提出了一套中国可持续发展综合评价指标体系：同时。借助于主成分分析法和隶属度分析法。就中国1987～2001年度的综合发展指数与协调发展指数进行了实证分析；最后。基于研究成果。对中国未来的可持续发展提出了若干政策建议。     

土地整理与可持续发展

本文在分析土地整理产生的客观必要性的基础上．进一步系统阐述推进土地整理是实现可持续发展的必由之路和动力机制，最后提出可持续土地整理的理性思考和对策。     

我国小城镇可持续发展的体制性障碍及其对策探讨

以小城镇为载体的农村城镇化是我国城镇化进程的重要途径。小城镇可持续发展是我国社会经济可持续发展战略中的重要组成成部分。本文从当前小城镇可持续发展中存在的问题入手。深入分析了小城镇可持续发展的种种体制性障碍：行政等级化的城镇管理制度限制小城镇的公平发展；小城镇政府行政管理体制不健全；土地制度设置的不完善；阻碍了土地聚集和人口聚集的同步进行；小城镇基础设施建设缺少必要金融的支持；小城镇发展规划体制存在较大缺陷，并有针对性地提出了相应的体制改革对策与措施。