全文获取类型
收费全文 | 414篇 |
免费 | 34篇 |
国内免费 | 140篇 |
专业分类
安全科学 | 62篇 |
废物处理 | 5篇 |
环保管理 | 49篇 |
综合类 | 216篇 |
基础理论 | 127篇 |
污染及防治 | 49篇 |
评价与监测 | 6篇 |
社会与环境 | 32篇 |
灾害及防治 | 42篇 |
出版年
2024年 | 6篇 |
2023年 | 15篇 |
2022年 | 18篇 |
2021年 | 29篇 |
2020年 | 25篇 |
2019年 | 14篇 |
2018年 | 15篇 |
2017年 | 23篇 |
2016年 | 28篇 |
2015年 | 28篇 |
2014年 | 19篇 |
2013年 | 46篇 |
2012年 | 24篇 |
2011年 | 29篇 |
2010年 | 25篇 |
2009年 | 29篇 |
2008年 | 24篇 |
2007年 | 24篇 |
2006年 | 20篇 |
2005年 | 21篇 |
2004年 | 25篇 |
2003年 | 24篇 |
2002年 | 14篇 |
2001年 | 9篇 |
2000年 | 11篇 |
1999年 | 4篇 |
1998年 | 8篇 |
1997年 | 4篇 |
1996年 | 3篇 |
1995年 | 4篇 |
1994年 | 4篇 |
1993年 | 4篇 |
1992年 | 5篇 |
1990年 | 1篇 |
1987年 | 1篇 |
1984年 | 1篇 |
1983年 | 1篇 |
1982年 | 1篇 |
1980年 | 1篇 |
1973年 | 1篇 |
排序方式: 共有588条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
51.
A. Roulin J. Gasparini P. Bize M. Ritschard H. Richner 《Behavioral ecology and sociobiology》2008,62(4):507-519
One hypothesis for the maintenance of genetic variation states that alternative genotypes are adapted to different environmental
conditions (i.e., genotype-by-environment interaction G×E) that vary in space and time. Although G×E has been demonstrated
for morphological traits, little evidence has been given whether these G×E are associated with traits used as signal in mate
choice. In three wild bird species, we investigated whether the degree of melanin-based coloration, a heritable trait, covaries
with nestling growth rate in rich and poor environments. Variation in the degree of reddish-brown phaeomelanism is pronounced
in the barn owl (Tyto alba) and tawny owl (Strix aluco), and variation in black eumelanism in the barn owl and Alpine swift (Apus melba). Melanin-based coloration has been shown to be a criterion in mate choice in the barn owl. We cross-fostered hatchlings
to test whether nestlings sired by parents displaying melanin-based colorations to different extent exhibit alternative growth
trajectories when raised by foster parents in poor (experimentally enlarged broods) and rich (experimentally reduced broods)
environments. With respect to phaeomelanism, barn owl and tawny owl offspring sired by redder parents grew more rapidly in
body mass only in experimentally reduced broods. With respect to eumelanism, Alpine swift offspring of darker fathers grew
their wings more rapidly only in experimentally enlarged broods, a difference that was not detected in reduced broods. These
interactions between parental melanism and offspring growth rate indicate that individuals display substantial plasticity
in response to the rearing environment which is associated with the degree of melanism: at least with respect to nestling
growth, phaeomelanic and eumelanic individuals are best adapted to rich and poor environments, respectively. It now remains
to be investigated why eumelanism and phaeomelanism have a different signaling function and what the lifelong consequences
of these melanism-dependent allocation strategies are. This is important to fully appraise the role played by environmental
heterogeneity in maintaining variation in the degree of melanin-based coloration. 相似文献
52.
Christer Wiklund Adrian Vallin Magne Friberg Sven Jakobsson 《Behavioral ecology and sociobiology》2008,62(3):379-389
Insects that hibernate as adults have a life span of almost a whole year. Hence, they must have extraordinary adaptations
for adult survival. In this paper, we study winter survival in two butterflies that hibernate as adults and have multimodal
anti-predator defences—the peacock, Inachis io, which has intimidating eyespots that are effective against bird predation, and the small tortoiseshell, Aglais urticae, which does not have an effective secondary defence against birds. We assessed predation on wild butterflies hibernating
in the attic of an unheated house, as well as survival of individually marked butterflies placed by hand on different sites
in the attic. Our objectives were to assess (1) the number of butterflies that were killed during hibernation, (2) whether
survival differed between butterfly species, and (3) how predation was related to hibernation site and the identity of the
predator. There was a strong pulse of predation during the first 2 weeks of hibernation: 58% of A. urticae and 53% of I. io were killed during this period. Thereafter, predation decreased and butterfly survival equalled 98% during the final 16 weeks
of hibernation. There was no difference in survival between the two butterfly species, but predation was site-specific and
more pronounced under light conditions in locations accessible to a climbing rodent, such as the common yellow-necked mouse,
Apodemus flavicollis. We contend that small rodents are likely important predators on overwintering butterflies, both because rodents are active
throughout winter when butterflies are torpid and because they occur at similar sites. 相似文献
53.
Tadashi Hasegawa Kakeru Usuba Soichiro Kondo Yutaka Maeda 《Environmental Chemistry Letters》2008,6(2):107-111
Here, we show that association of stilbene molecules is facilitated by water on silica gel because of hydrophobic interaction
and photodimerization becomes the main photochemical process. Irradiation of trans-stilbene (t-1) on silica gel gives cis-stilbene (c-1), phenanthrene (2), benzaldehyde (3), and dimers r-ctt-4 and r-tct-4. The yields of the dimers increase and those of 2 and 3 decrease with an increase in the amount of t-1 loaded on silica gel. Atmospheric oxygen is responsible for the formation of 2 and 3. The yields of the dimers also increase with an increase in the water on a silica-gel surface and change drastically at the
point where the percentage of water to silica gel is around 25 wt%. All active sites on a silica-gel surface would be covered
completely with 25 wt% of water. 相似文献
54.
Zihao Li Yang Geng Lei Ma Xiaoyin Chen Junhua Li Huazhen Chang Johannes W. Schwank 《Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering》2020,14(4):65
55.
The vibration of dip tube in multi-burner gasifier changes the stress at the connection, causing flange seal failures and high temperature gas erosions with heavy economic losses and industrial accidents. This work aims to reveal the dip tube vibration mechanism, with special focus on obtaining the effect of operational parameters on the fatigue damage and long-term stable operation of gasifiers. A three-dimensional numerical simulation of the water-scrubbing cooling chamber was conducted to obtain the excitation source in the flow field. Then a FSI (fluid-structure interaction) transient dynamics simulation was carried out to investigate the vibration characteristics. Two major flow forms were found: a vertical annular flow near the dip tube outlet in the water-scrubbing cooling chamber; and a gas-liquid coupled flow caused by the syngas entrained the liquid. These two unstable multiphase flow forms exerted an energy excitation on the dip tube, resulting in a self-excited flutter. The dip tube vibration was similar to the first mode of a cantilever beam. The peak frequency was less affected by the initial liquid level and the syngas stream inlet velocity, which was close to its own first natural frequency. Note that, the alternating load generated by vibration may cause fatigue damage, which needs to be specifically considered in the design and manufacturing process of opposed multi-burner gasifier. 相似文献
56.
沈陈华 《长江流域资源与环境》2012,21(5):552-556
通过丹阳市4个村320户农户实地问卷调查,分析了丹阳市宅基地使用权流转意愿的影响因素,由Logistic回归分析模型,给出了影响因素的驱动力、贡献率的数学表达。结果表明:文化程度、宅基地个数、家庭总收入等影响因素对流转意愿呈正相关;户主年龄、家庭人口数量等影响因素对流转意愿呈负相关。同一农户的影响因素在不同阶段对流转意愿度的贡献率不同,家庭收入和户主年龄是影响宅基地流转的主要因素,他们对宅基地流转分别起着推力和阻力作用,在相互作用过程中,两者之间彼此消长。实地抽样结果分析表明,丹阳农村户主文化程度若为初中且年龄在35岁时,家庭收入能达到34 000元的话,宅基地使用权流转意愿度超过50%。以后每年家庭收入能有一定增速的话,农户流转意愿度将持续保持在50%以上。 相似文献
57.
Shoichi Fuma Nobuyoshi Ishii Hiroshi Takeda Kiriko Miyamoto Kei Yanagisawa Kazutaka Doi Isao Kawaguchi Nobuyuki Tanaka Yuhei Inamori Gennady G. Polikarpov 《Journal of environmental radioactivity》2009,100(12):1027-1033
Effects of acute γ-irradiation were investigated in the aquatic microcosm consisting of green algae (Chlorella sp. and Scenedesmus sp.) and a blue–green alga (Tolypothrix sp.) as producers; an oligochaete (Aeolosoma hemprichi), rotifers (Lecane sp. and Philodina sp.) and a ciliate protozoan (Cyclidium glaucoma) as consumers; and more than four species of bacteria as decomposers. At 100 Gy, populations were not affected in any taxa. At 500–5000 Gy, one or three taxa died out and populations of two or three taxa decreased over time, while that of Tolypothrix sp. increased. This Tolypothrix sp. increase was likely an indirect effect due to interspecies interactions. The principal response curve analysis revealed that the main trend of the effects was a dose-dependent population decrease. For a better understanding of radiation risks in aquatic microbial communities, effect doses of γ-rays compared with copper, herbicides and detergents were evaluated using the radiochemoecological conceptual model and the effect index for microcosm. 相似文献
58.
不同密度螺-草结构对养殖尾水净化效果的比较研究 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
为减少水产养殖污染物排放,以苦草为对照组,构建环棱螺螺 草生态系统净化池塘养殖尾水,比较不同密度螺 草结构对养殖尾水的净化效果,同时探讨螺草互作对水质的影响。结果表明不同密度螺 草组合对养殖尾水均有较好的净化效果,以中密度组(螺密度50 ind/m3)的去除效果最优,25 d对Chl a、CODMn、TN、TP、NH4+ N、NO3- N和浊度的去除率分别达到98%、39.7%、44.2%、86.9%、58.2%、82.3%和91%,其中以17~25 d的营养物质去除率最高,水质由原来的Ⅳ类、Ⅴ类水提升为Ⅲ类水;环棱螺 苦草互作对水体的净化效果与苦草对照组差异不显著,表明其互利关系不明显;环棱螺 苦草组合对CODMn和TN的去除效果不是很理想,可能是由于实验中以黄土为底泥,其中的异养微生物较少引起的 相似文献
59.
60.
Peter G. Ashton James B. Pickens Coryell Ohlander Bruce Benninghoff 《Journal of the American Water Resources Association》1980,16(4):738-744
ABSTRACT: Decisionmaking associated with the Nation's 1.7 billion acres of forest and range land has become increasingly complicated because of the rise in competition for resource use and in the awareness of environmental and social effects. This system analysis approach uses four models to synthesize pertinent masses of information into measures of economic, environmental, and social impacts. The system results can be used to help evaluate alternative national programs. The models are: