降低超高压输电线路电晕噪声的对策研究

从电力金具的选型、设计、生产、运输、安装和优化改造等环节提出了降低超高压输电线路电晕噪声的对策措施。同时,通过对超高压输电线路铁塔可听噪声和金具电晕放电情况的检测,验证优化改造金具的降噪效果,查找金具安装的缺陷和漏洞,为金具制造和设计、预防电晕措施的选择及电力金具的改良、安装和运行等方面提供决策和参考依据。     

基于AHP的可听噪声影响因素权值分析

影响超高压输电线路可听噪声的因素众多,对影响可听噪声的因素进行合理分析确定其对可听噪声影响的权重是进行可听噪声预测和合理有效降低可听噪声的前提。对影响可听噪声的因素进行分析并运用层次分析法（AnalyticHierarchyProcess,AHP）对影响可听噪声的主要因素进行加权分析,以定量的形式确定影响因素的相对重要度。结果表明,应用层次分析法确定的可听噪声影响因素权重符合实际,准确性较高,为可听噪声选择主要影响因素用于预测及有效降低可听噪声提供参考依据。     

活性污泥缺氧转化1-2-7-三氨基-8-羟基-3-6-萘二磺酸

1—2-7-三氨基-8-羟基-3—6-萘二磺酸（TAHNDS）作为偶氮染料的脱色产物很难被常规的厌氧-好氧染料废水处理工艺所去除。研究了未经驯化的活性污泥对TAHNDS的缺氧转化效果。结果表明,只有在特定的缺氧条件下（ORP在-50～-150mV之间）,TAHNDS才能被活性污泥所降解转化。当浓度在10—80mg／L范围内,TAHNDS可在72h内转化93％以上。加入100mg／L的硝酸盐和0．64mmol／L的氧化还原介体蒽醌-2-磺酸钠（AQS）可将40mg／L的TAHNDS的转化时间从84h缩短到36h。光谱及HPLC—MS分析表明,TAHNDS在缺氧条件下主要是通过脱氨基和脱磺酸作用生成已知可好氧生物降解的3,5-二氨基4-羟基萘-2-磺酸。因此,缺氧处理有望作为预处理工艺促进废水中TAHNDS的完全降解。     

3种运行模式下CAST工艺脱氮性能

以模拟城市污水为处理对象,采用循环式活性污泥法（CAST）反应器,对3种运行模式（M1：常规模式,M2：缺氧好氧模式、M3：缺氧好氧交替模式）下系统的脱氮性能进行了研究,比较了各模式下CAST反应器的氨氮和总氮的去除效率,并对各模式下典型周期内氮基质浓度变化进行了考察,以确定系统的脱氮模式。结果表明,在氨氮去除不成为限制条件（去除率〉90％）的条件下,3种运行模式下系统总氮的平均去除率分别为67．3％、70．6％和82．4％,以缺氧好氧交替模式下的最高;M1、M2和M3均可实现亚硝酸型硝化,但随着温度的升高,亚硝酸型硝化逐渐消失。静态实验分析表明,3种模式下系统的氨氧化速率大小次序为：vN：M1〉vN：M2〉vN：M3,反硝化速率大小次序为：vDN,M2〉vDN,M3〉vDN,M1。     

As（V）在金红石TiO2颗粒表面吸附特性及机理

通过静态动力学和热力学吸附实验,研究了温度、共存离子以及溶质的初始浓度对As（V）在金红石TiO2颗粒表面吸附的影响,探讨了As（V）在金红石TiO2颗粒表面吸附特性及机理。结果表明,在As（V）初始浓度为10mg／L,pH为7的条件下,25℃时的吸附量0．41mg／g高于30℃时的吸附量0．31mg／g,As（V）在金红石TiO,上的吸附为放热过程。CaCl2和MgCl2的添加对As（V）在金红石TiO2表面吸附起到明显的促进作用。T=25℃,Ca2＋或Mg2＋浓度为10mmol／L时,As（V）吸附量分别为0．64和0．56mg／g,Ca2＋比Mg2＋对As（V）吸附促进作用强。As（V）在金红石TiO2的吸附等温线符合Frendlich方程,Lagergren二级动力学方程能较好地描述As（V）在金红石TiO2颗粒表面吸附的动力学过程。     

西安市及周边地区MODIS气溶胶光学厚度与PM10浓度关系模型研究

西安是空气污染监控和防治有代表性的西部大型城市。研究了西安市及周边地区上空气溶胶光学厚度与PM10浓度的关系模型。利用2011—2012年MODIS卫星气溶胶光学厚度（AOD）遥感产品,通过数据匹配,利用地面气象观测站点的能见度数据和相对湿度数据对AOD产品进行垂直标高订正和湿度订正,2项订正显著提高了AOD和地面PM10浓度的相关性,相关系数从0．36提高到0．65,按季节分类统计和订正春至冬四季的相关系数分别为0．57、0．71、0．62和0．87,夏季和冬季的订正更为有效,可用性更高,这可能由于受到不同季节气溶胶来源和特征的影响。为研究中国西部大型城市,特别是西安市空气环境监测和区域联防联控提供了一种有效方法。     

The conversion of chicken manure to biooil by fast pyrolysis I. Analyses of chicken manure,biooils and char by 13C and 1H NMR and FTIR spectrophotometry

Fast pyrolysis of chicken manure produced two biooils (Fractions I and II) and a residual char. All four materials were analyzed by chemical methods, ¹³C and 1H Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectrometry (¹³C and 1H NMR), and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectrosphotometry (FTIR). The char showed the highest C content and the highest aromaticity. Of the two biooils Fraction II was higher in C, yield and calorific value but lower in N than Fraction I. The S and ash content of the two biooil fractions were low. The Cross Polarization Magic Angle Spinning (CP-MAS) ¹³C NMR spectrum of the initial chicken manure showed it to be rich in cellulose, which was a major component of sawdust used as bedding material. Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) spectra of the two biooils indicated that Fraction I was less aromatic than Fraction II. Among the aromatics in the two biooils, we were able to tentatively identify N-heterocyclics like indoles, pyridines, and pyrazines. FTIR spectra were generally in agreement with the NMR data. FTIR spectra of both biooils showed the presence of both primary and secondary amides and primary amines as well as N-heterocyclics such as pyridines, quinolines, and pyrimidines. The FTIR spectrum of the char resembled that of the initial chicken manure except that the concentration of carbohydrates was lower.     

Improved xenobiotic-degrading activity of Rhodococcus opacus strain 1cp after dormancy

The goals of the present work were as follows: to obtain the dormant forms of R. opacus 1cp; to study the phenotypic variability during their germination; to compare phenotypic variants during the growth on selective and elective media; and to reveal changes in the ability of the strain to destruct xenobiotics that had not been degradable before dormancy. It was shown that Rhodococcus opacus 1cp (the strain degrading chlorinated phenols) became able to utilize a broader spectrum of xenobiotics after storage in the dormant state. Germination of the dormant forms of R. opacus 1cp on an agarized medium was followed by emergence and development of phenotypic variants that could grow on 4-chlorophenol and 2,4,6-trichlorophenol without adaptation. The cells of R. opacus 1cp phenotypic variants also utilized all of the tested chlorinated phenols: 2,3-, 2,5-, and 2,6-dichloro-, 2,3,4- and 2,4,5-trichloro-, pentachlorophenol, and 1,2,4,5-tetrachlorobenzene in concentrations up to 60 mg/L, though at the lower rates than 4-CP and 2,4,6-TCP. The improved degradation of chlorinated phenols by R. opacus strain 1cp exposed to the growth arrest conditions demonstrates the significance of dormancy for further manifestation of the adaptive potential of populations. A new principle of selection of variants with improved biodegradative properties was proposed. It embraces introduction of the dormancy stage into the cell life cycle with subsequent direct inoculation of morphologically different colonies into the media with different toxicants, including those previously not degraded by the strain.     

QSPR prediction of chromatographic retention times of pesticides: Partition and fractal indices

The high‐performance liquid‐chromatographic retentions of red‐wine pesticide residues are modeled by structure–property relationships. The effect of different types of features is analyzed: geometric, lipophilic, etc. The properties are fractal dimensions, partition coefficient, etc., in linear and nonlinear correlation models. Biological plastic evolution is an evolutionary perspective conjugating the effect of acquired characters and relations that emerge among the principles of evolutionary indeterminacy, morphological determination and natural selection. It is applied to design the co‐ordination index that is used to characterize pesticide retentions. The parameters used to calculate the co‐ordination index are the molar formation enthalpy, molecular weight and surface area. The morphological and co‐ordination indices barely improve the correlations. The fractal dimension averaged for non?buried atoms, partition coefficient, etc. distinguishes the pesticide molecular structures. The structural and constituent classification is based on nonplanarity, and the number of cycles, and O, S, N and Cl atoms. Different behavior depends on the number of cycles.     

高压实新疆阿尔泰膨润土微观结构随吸力变化特征

采用压汞法(MIP)和扫描电镜(SEM)法,在自由和侧限状态下,试验研究了高压实新疆阿尔泰膨润土在不同吸力条件下的微观结构变化特征。吸力的控制采用了气相法和渗析(液相)法。研究结果表明:(1)低吸力范围内,自由膨胀和侧限条件下的高压实膨润土土水特征存在明显差异;(2)膨润土在自由和侧限状态下的水化过程中呈现出了截然不同的微结构变化特征。自由膨胀条件下,土的吸水膨胀量主要来自土中大孔隙的逐渐膨胀。侧限状态下,随着控制吸力的降低,膨润土的大孔隙逐渐被压缩,较小孔隙的数量不断增加,土中孔隙分布变得更加均匀。