酵母菌与两种硫杆菌复合对污泥中三价铬的去除

研究了氧化亚铁硫杆菌LX5(Thiobacillus ferrooxidans LX5)、氧化硫硫杆菌TS6(Thiobacillus thiooxidans TS6)和耐酸性酵母菌R30(Rhodotorula sp.R30)对重金属铬(Cr³⁺)的耐受性.结果表明,700mg/L的Cr³⁺对硫杆菌LX5、TS6的生长和氧化活性影响不大,但Cr³⁺浓度大于500mg/L时明显抑制酵母菌R30的生长.酵母菌R30与硫杆菌LX5和TS6复合能明显加速污泥淋滤的进程,最佳复合比为酵母菌R30接种量2.0%,硫杆菌LX5和TS6接种量10%.分别用含酵母菌R30数量为10⁴个/mL和102个/mL的酸化污泥作接种物进行污泥淋滤,发现淋滤过程中pH值下降的速度没有明显差异,而在淋滤起始时添加2.0%的酵母菌R30,则淋滤反应提前36h结束.由此可见,在其它条件相同的污泥淋滤中,污泥中所含耐酸性酵母菌的数量是加快淋滤的关键.     

Cultivating collaboration: Lessons from initiatives to understand and manage cumulative impacts in Australian resource regions

Australia has experienced rapid development within its resource regions, with traditional mining sectors like coal, iron-ore and natural gas expanding and new industries such as coal seam gas emerging. As a result, there is an increasing prevalence and awareness of the cumulative impacts of the extractive resource industries on the society, environment and economy of these regions. Collaborative governance is emerging as a means of addressing cumulative impacts. This article undertakes an analysis of 30 case studies of collaborative governance in the resources sector of Australia. The initiatives analysed range from those focussed on information exchange and coordination to higher degrees of collaboration that involve shared resources and shared risks. The study demonstrates that there are challenges in using collaborative approaches to tackle cumulative impacts, but that significant benefits can be realised. The study highlights the need to nurture and cultivate collaborative relationships in order to provide the foundation for long-term solutions.     

PACl-Al30絮凝剂研究现状和展望

具30个铝原子的Al30是继Al13之后新发现的一种高铝聚合形态,与Al13类似,具Keggin结构,也被认为是聚合氯化铝(PACl)中的新型优势混凝形态。文章从PACl发展的视角,对Al30形态的合成、鉴定以及混凝作用进行了综述,并就高Al30的合成、新型Al30复合硅絮凝剂的开发以及其表征和混凝机理研究等三个方面作出了有关展望。     

公路隧道坍塌灾害治理效果的GPR检测技术

以湖南省常吉高速公路度龙田隧道ZK 207+300~255坍塌地质灾害为例,详细地探讨了检测坍塌灾害治理效果的高精度地质雷达(GPR)检测技术。在综合分析和研究隧道坍塌灾害的基本情况及灾害治理措施的基础上,结合现场施工记录,采用GPR检测技术,准确地查清了塌方处理中注浆饱满度情况,检查了塌腔内是否仍存在危害隧道安全的空洞或松散体;同时,对塌方地段加密设置的钢拱架数量与间距也进行了准确的检测和判定。工程实践表明:结合隧道坍塌灾害相关资料及现场调查,GPR可以无损、快速、准确地检测隧道地质灾害治理效果和整治质量,为准确评价地质灾害治理效果提供科学依据,这对于减少工程隐患、确保工程质量、指导隧道施工具有重要的工程应用价值。     

Mineral reserves under price uncertainty

National reporting organizations and regulatory bodies for the minerals and mining sector are requiring publicly reported Ore-Reserve estimates to take account of uncertainties. Whilst methodologies that account for physical uncertainty appear relatively well developed, methodologies which can take account of economic uncertainty appear much less so. To counter this shortfall, we present an efficient and general methodology which can quantify the effect of price uncertainty within reserve estimates, providing both the expected reserve size and the associated distribution (box whisker plot). This statistical information can be used by interested parties to understand precisely where the reserve risks lie, which we highlight in a worked example.     

喀斯特山体地形对表层岩溶带发育的影响——以陈旗小流域为例

表层岩溶带是喀斯特地区水分重要的赋存与运移空间,是该地区水文过程的重要控制因素,其发育受气候、岩性、地貌等多种因素影响。选取贵州普定县陈旗流域典型山体为研究对象,采用山坡剖面曲率描述山坡地形,利用探地雷达现场勘测表层岩溶带发育厚度,在此基础上分析了表层岩溶带发育特征及其受地形因素的影响。结果表明,喀斯特山体地形低凹处具...     

腐蚀对30CrMnSiNi2A钢结构疲劳寿命的影响

采用周期浸润加速腐蚀试验与疲劳试验相结合的方法,研究了腐蚀及腐蚀与疲劳交替作用对某型飞机30CrMnSiNi2A机翼主梁疲劳寿命的影响.结果表明,腐蚀环境的影响会引起30CrMnSiNi2A高强度结构钢的疲劳寿命明显降低.与未腐蚀状态相比,预腐蚀5、10、15天后,某型飞机机翼主梁模拟件的平均疲劳寿命分别下降了17.3%、20.5%、33.2%;而在腐蚀与疲劳交替作用下,其平均疲劳寿命下降了22.8%.在给定的腐蚀环境和疲劳载荷谱作用下,平均疲劳寿命N50随预腐蚀时间t的变化可以用N50=1044.541-219.978t描述.     

Efficient purification of Al30 by organic complexation method

A method was developed for preparing high purity Al₃₀O₈(OH)₅₆(H₂O)₂₄^18 + (Al₃₀) through elimination of impurities by complexation. Polyaluminum chloride II (PAC₃₀) with Al_c content of 75% was adopted as the source of Al₃₀. The PAC₃₀ was prepared under conditions of total aluminum concentration 0.1?mol/L and OH^?/Al ratio 2.2 to obtain the highest content of Al₃₀. A precipitation/metathesis method, organic solvent precipitation method and organic complexation method were examined to separate and purify Al₃₀. It was found that only by the organic complexation method could high purity Al₃₀ products be obtained in large yield economically. In the experiments, benzoic acid was used as the coordinating reagent to decompose the main impurity AlO₄Al₁₂(OH)₂₄(H₂O)₁₂^7 + (Al₁₃), and the Al₃₀ product could be obtained by precipitation and metathesis operations. It was noteworthy that the decomposition of impurities by benzoic acid could be completed in 2?hr. The Al₃₀ product was characterized by Ferron assay, ²⁷Al-NMR, SEM, XRD and TGA. The results showed that the purity of the Al₃₀ product could exceed 92%.     

SBR中活性污泥培养驯化的研究

文章主要研究在序列间歇式活性污泥法(SBR)中活性污泥的培养驯化,以人工配制的污水作为营养液,通过控制温度(26℃左右)、pH(6.8～7.8)、溶解氧(2～6 mg/L)等试验条件来进行污泥的逐步培养驯化,主要探究在培养期间活性污泥浓度(主要测其MLSS)、对COD的去除效果、30分钟沉降比和活性污泥微生物相随培养时间变化而变化的规律。以及培养中出现的异常状况与解决方法。     

Al2O3/β-40催化剂同时脱硫脱硝性能

以溶胶凝胶法制备的30% Al2O3/β-40为载体,采用浸渍法制备出负载不同金属氧化物的催化剂。采用XRD、H2-TPR、BET对催化剂结构和性质进行表征,以CO为还原剂考察催化剂的脱硫脱硝活性。结果显示12% NiO/30% Al2O3/β-40脱硫脱硝活性最佳,500℃时NO、SO2转化率均可达到90%以上。