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This article addresses the concepts of economies of scope and multiproduct production, subadditivity and transray convexity as it applies to the mining industry. The article goes on to expand these concepts to include the case of mining waste utilization. It discusses how the modification of mining wastes into a marketable product can develop a relationship across the cost functions of the modified mining waste and ore production and how this interrelationship affects the profit maximizing condition. It discusses four possible outcomes from mining waste modification and its development into marketable products on the profitability and production of ore by the firm. Finally, it discusses mining waste utilization effects on rehabilitation costs and the potential for a decrease in the adverse community effects due to mine closure. 相似文献
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参照美国EPA 30B方法,基于吸附原理,研制了用于燃煤燃烧源排放烟气中总气态汞的双路独立采样系统,结合热解析分析技术,现场测试结果符合30B方法的质控指标要求。建议加大国产吸附管的研制力度,开发适用于中国工况的汞采样器。 相似文献
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耐酸性异养菌的分离及其在制革污泥重金属生物淋滤中的作用 总被引:12,自引:4,他引:8
从制革污泥中分离出一株异养微生物,经鉴定属于红酵母菌属(Rhodotorula sp.)R30, 测定菌株R30的适宜生长pH范围为3~7,但能耐受pH 2.5至1.5的酸性环境,最适生长温度28℃.酵母R30在污泥水溶性有机物(DOM)中培养96h,水溶性有机碳(DOC)从1485mg/L降至345mg/L,菌数达4.8×107mL-1.将污泥预酸化至pH 6.5,在进行污泥的生物淋滤过程中,添加酵母处理与不添加酵母处理的对照相比,淋滤时间减少了4d,淋滤周期显著缩短,在7d的淋滤时间内,重金属Cr的溶出率提高39%. 相似文献
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Assessment of Pollution Near Landfill Site in Nagpur, India by Resistivity Imaging and GPR 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Pujari PR Pardhi P Muduli P Harkare P Nanoti MV 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2007,131(1-3):489-500
Groundwater pollution in the vicinity of a landfill site in Nagpur, India is assessed with the help of resistivity imaging
and GPR tools. The resistivity imaging survey indicates high conductive anomalies in the topsoil as well as the underlying
fractured rocks. Significant reflections from the GPR records known as radargrams are extracted with the help of maximum peak
module and Hilbert transform module in RADAN 6. These reflections can be attributed to presence of fractures, which are potential
pathways for migration of the fluid. The geophysical findings are strengthened by the results of groundwater analysis from
wells located close to the profile where resistivity and GPR survey have been carried out. The study has indicated the vulnerability
of the unconfined aquifer underlying the predominantly clay layer. 相似文献
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Christine Bertram Anna Krätschell Killian O’Brien Warner Brückmann Alexander Proelss Katrin Rehdanz 《Resources Policy》2011,36(4):315-329
Projected increases in demand and thus increasing metal prices have brought the exploration and exploitation of marine mineral resources back into focus. The Atlantis II Deep, located in the central Red Sea between Saudi Arabia and Sudan, is one of the largest marine sulfide deposits known, with high concentrations of metals such as zinc, copper, silver and gold. However, little is known about the economic potential of marine minerals as well as the legal constraints. Our geological assessment shows that the deep is similar in grades and scale to large land-based deposits. Its economic potential is far from negligible. The total present value of possible gross revenues for the four metals zinc, copper, silver and gold ranges from 3.03 to 5.29 billion US$, depending on the assumptions made concerning future price development, mass calculation and discount rate. From a legal perspective, a general duty to cooperate in the exploration and exploitation of non-living resources located in disputed maritime areas is identified in both customary international law and in UNCLOS. It is submitted that a joint development agreement is one means of ensuring compliance with this duty in general and in the case of the Atlantis II Deep in particular. 相似文献
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To examine the impact of the change in forward pricing mechanism on the volatility of iron ore spot prices, we model the iron ore daily price of Platts IODEX from October 7, 2008 to September 21, 2012. The identified iron ore spot price tends to be less volatile after the introduction of quarterly pricing mechanism. Our main approaches are as follows: (i) to decompose the spot price of Platts IODEX into two subsamples and relate the result of the structural break to the date of the switch in the iron ore forward pricing mechanism; (ii) to apply the EGARCH (1, 1) model to simultaneously capture the long memory and the asymmetric effect on the volatility of the iron ore spot price; and (iii) to delineate the news impact curve to further interpret the asymmetric effect. 相似文献
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In recent years, commodity markets show a large amount of volatility and substantial price jumps, indicating an increasing economic scarcity in many cases. As this scarcity makes commodity procurement a critical issue for national economies, industry sectors and manufacturing companies, a number of criticality indices have been presented and utilized in science as well as in practice. These indices are mostly based on an aggregation of different key figures, both qualitative and quantitative. However, the weighting of the different factors is in most cases arbitrary or based on rough estimates. 相似文献
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为了分析模型参数的随机变化和边界条件的随机变化对地下水溶质运移模型输出结果的不确定性影响,采用蒙特卡洛模拟对一假想算例展开研究,并结合风险评估阐述不确定性分析结果.首先,建立研究区地下水溶质运移数值模拟模型,并综合利用局部灵敏度分析和全局灵敏度分析方法筛选出对模型输出结果影响较大的参数,连同模型的边界条件(第一类边界条件-水头值)一起作为随机变量.然后,利用优化超参数的高斯过程回归(GPR)方法建立模拟模型的替代模型,代替模拟模型完成蒙特卡洛随机模拟.最后,对随机模拟的结果进行统计分析和区间估计,并利用污染物浓度的概率分布函数对1、2、3号观测井进行地下水污染风险评价.结果表明:置信水平>80%时,1,2,3号观测井污染物浓度值的置信区间分别为34.77~35.03,57.74~58.04,100.07~100.69mg/L.此外,1,2,3号观测井为轻度污染的风险分别为6%,100%,100%;为中度污染的风险分别为0%,0%,99.6%;为重度污染的风险分别为0%,0%,0.5%,藉此为地下水污染修复防治和地下水的合理利用提供可靠参考依据. 相似文献