In vivo effects of acute administration of potassium tetranitrodiammine cobaltate(III) on rat erythrocytes

Potassium tetranitrodiammine cobaltate(III) K[Co(NH₃)₂(NO₂)₄] is a coordination complex having Co(III) as the central atom. Cobalt(III) compounds are being advocated for their anticarcinogenic potential. In the present study, we have for the first time evaluated this compound for its toxicity to rat RBC. The parameters studied include the effects of potassium tetranitrodiammine cobaltate(III) on GSH, GST, catalase, G6PD, acid phosphatase, GOT, and GPT. Scanning electron microscopy of RBCs of potassium tetranitrodiammine cobaltate(III) treated rats has also been carried out for evaluating its influence on the red cell morphology. The data showed that potassium tetranitrodiammine cobaltate(III) treatment causes marked biochemical changes in the rat RBCs along with changes in their shapes characterized by the formation of acanthocytes. The results thus suggest that acute administration of potassium tetranitrodiammine cobaltate(III) is potentially toxic to rat RBCs.     

海湾安防(GST)消防系统在高校图书馆的应用

从火灾探测器、报警装置、联动系统等方面介绍现代消防系统的构成、工作原理、运行情况。构建科学合理的消防系统,有助于实现高校图书馆火灾的早期探测、智能化控制,防灾于未然,将消防安全隐患消灭于萌芽状态。介绍海湾安防(GST)有限公司的情况,及其产品在中北大学图书馆的实际应用情况及存在问题,对消防系统在图书馆的应用提出思考和建议,以供图书馆、资料室、书库、档案馆等单位借鉴和参考。实践表明:GST有限公司生产的消防产品能满足图书馆的消防需求,同时还应加强图书馆工作人员的消防意识和消防管理。     

全氟辛烷磺酸对赤子爱胜蚓的抗氧化酶、代谢酶和DNA损伤的影响

非致死浓度下全氟辛烷磺酸(PFOS)对土壤生物的毒性作用研究在国内外鲜见报道.因此,本文采用人工土壤培养法,通过亚急性试验,研究了PFOS对赤子爱胜蚓(Eisenia fetida)生长抑制、谷胱甘肽硫转移酶(GST)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)及DNA损伤的影响.结果表明,PFOS暴露急性期和亚急性期,非致死浓度PFOS显著抑制蚯蚓生长(p=0.000),生长抑制率随着暴露浓度、暴露时间的增大而逐渐增大,42 d时250 mg·kg^-1处理组的生长抑制率最大(55.86%).PFOS暴露急性期和亚急性期,非致死浓度PFOS对GST和CAT活性没有显著性影响(GST:p=0.067;CAT:p=0.123),采用GST和CAT酶活性评价非致死浓度PFOS对蚯蚓的生态毒性时,需要参考其他指标进行综合分析.PFOS暴露急性期,非致死浓度PFOS可致体腔细胞DNA损伤;PFOS暴露亚急性期,体腔细胞DNA损伤随着暴露时间的增加而逐渐得到恢复.     

全氟辛烷磺酸暴露对赤子爱胜蚓的急性毒性效应

采用人工土壤培养法,通过14 d急性暴露试验,研究了全氟辛烷磺酸(PFOS)对赤子爱胜蚓(Eisenia fetida)的死亡率、谷胱甘肽硫转移酶(GST)和过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性以及DNA损伤的影响。研究结果表明：PFOS对蚯蚓14 d-LC₅₀为478.0 mg·kg^-1,显示为低毒;急性暴露期间,PFOS显著抑制蚯蚓生长,生长抑制率随着PFOS浓度增加而增大,且有良好的剂量效应关系(r=0.951,P<0.01);PFOS对蚯蚓GST和CAT活性均没有显著性影响,没有观察到剂量效应关系;PFOS可致蚯蚓体腔细胞DNA损伤,不同浓度的PFOS对蚯蚓体腔细胞尾长、尾部DNA含量和尾矩的影响具有一定的剂量效应关系(P<0.01),与对照组之间存在显著性差异(P<0.05)。上述结果表明,PFOS对蚯蚓的存活影响显示为低毒,但是对生长有一定影响,可致蚯蚓体腔细胞DNA损伤。     

Oral administration of potassium bromate, a major water disinfection by-product, induces oxidative stress and impairs the antioxidant power of rat blood

Potassium bromate (KBrO₃) is a widely used food additive, a water disinfection by-product and a known nephrotoxic agent. The effect of KBrO₃ on rat blood, especially on the anti-oxidant defense system, was studied in this work. Animals were given a single oral dose of KBrO₃ (100 mg/kg body weight) and sacrificed 12, 24, 48, 96 and 168 h after this treatment. Blood was collected from the animals and separated into plasma and erythrocytes. KBrO₃ administration resulted in increased lipid peroxidation, protein oxidation, hydrogen peroxide levels and decreased the reduced glutathione content indicating the induction of oxidative stress in blood. Methemoglobin levels and methemoglobin reductase activity were significantly increased while the total anti-oxidant power was greatly reduced upon KBrO₃ treatment. Nitric oxide levels were enhanced while vitamin C concentration decreased in KBrO₃ treated animals. The activities of major anti-oxidant enzymes were also altered upon KBrO₃ treatment. The maximum changes in all these parameters were 48 h after the administration of KBrO₃ and then recovery took place. These results show for the first time that KBrO₃ induces oxidative stress in blood and impairs the anti-oxidant defense system. Thus impairment in the anti-oxidant power and alterations in the activities of major anti-oxidant enzymes may play an important role in mediating the toxic effects of KBrO₃ in the rat blood. The study of such biochemical events in blood will help elucidate the molecular mechanism of action of KBrO₃ and also for devising methods to overcome its toxic effects.     

Responses of juvenile sea bass, Dicentrarchus labrax, exposed to acute concentrations of crude oil, as assessed by molecular and physiological biomarkers

In the present study, juvenile sea bass were exposed for 48 and 96 h to an Arabian light crude oil and their responses were assessed at the molecular and physiological levels. The aim of the study was therefore to assess (i) the short term effects of crude oil exposure by the measurement of several molecular biomarkers, (ii) the consequences of this short term exposure on fish health by using growth and condition indices measured after a decontamination period of 28 and 26 d in seawater. Hydrocarbon petroleum concentrations was monitored during the 96 h experiments and an increase of PAH concentrations were found in fish following both exposure times. An 7-ethoxyresorufin-O-deethylase (EROD) induction was observed after 48 h of exposure, while a significant decrease in the sea bass specific growth rate in length and for the RNA:DNA ratio was observed 28 d after that exposure ceased. The EROD induction doubled after the 96 h exposure, and a significant increase in GST activities was observed. A significant decrease in the specific growth rates, the otolith recent growth, the RNA:DNA ratio and the Fulton’s K condition index were then observed in sea bass 26 d after the 96 h exposure to mechanically dispersed crude oil compared to the control. The present study shows that growth and condition indices can prove useful in assessing fish health status following an oil spill. Their complementary analysis with sensitive molecular biomarkers as EROD could improve the determination of oil spill impact on fish populations.     

镉对食蚊鱼(Gambusia affinis)的急性毒性效应

以食蚊鱼(Gambusia affinis)为受试生物,采用半静水式急性毒性试验和亚急性毒性试验,分别测定Cd2+对食蚊鱼的半致死质量浓度(LC50)和超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性、过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性、谷胱甘肽转硫酶(GST)活性及组织结构变化,检测镉对食蚊鱼的毒性作用,以探讨Cd2+在水环境中的毒性及食蚊鱼在环境科学研究中的应用.结果表明,Cd2+对食蚊鱼96 h的LC50为22.55 mg/L,属于高毒物质.相同Cd2+暴露质量浓度下,随暴露时间延长,SOD和CAT活性总体表现为先升高后降低的趋势,GST活性则总体表现为先升高后降低、且趋于稳定的趋势.Cd2+暴露后食蚊鱼肝和鳃组织会出现不同程度损伤.研究表明,Cd2+对食蚊鱼属于高毒物质,验证了食蚊鱼对化学品Cd2+的敏感性.     

三聚氰胺在罗非鱼肝脏内的累积及对EROD和GST活性的影响

以吉富罗非鱼（Oreochromis niloticus）作为研究对象，采用室内水族箱模拟水生态系统，研究了20 d试验期内，水体中初始质量浓度为0.05 g L-1的三聚氰胺在罗非鱼肝脏中的累积规律及不同暴露时间，对罗非鱼肝脏中7-乙氧基-异酚噁唑酮-脱乙基酶（EROD）和谷胱甘肽-S-转移酶（GST）活性的影响。结果表明：随着试验时间的延长，三聚氰胺在罗非鱼肝脏中的质量分数先迅速上升，在第2天高达4.15 mg·kg-1。随后逐渐下降，在第20天降至0.8 mg·kg-1，恢复到暴露初期水平。与对照组相比，罗非鱼肝脏中EROD和GST的活性在第1天被轻微诱导之后，分别在第2天和第4天开始被显著抑制，抑制率分别为50.7%和69.4%。随后两者的活性上升并分别在第7天和第10天开始被显著诱导，诱导率各为122.9%和47.7%。总体上看，EROD和GST的活性皆呈现出诱导-抑制-诱导的变化趋势。但在暴露结束时，这两种酶的活性又显著低于对照组，抑制率分别为34.1%和20.3%。结果显示，罗非鱼肝脏中EROD酶和GST酶，在一定程度上可作为水体中三聚氰胺污染的生物监测指标。     

铅、汞单一及联合胁迫对栅藻的生长、GSH含量及相关酶活性的影响

为进一步了解重金属复合污染对水生植物产生毒害作用的机制,以单细胞藻类生长及细胞内还原型谷胱甘肽（GSH）含量、谷胱甘肽-S-转移酶（GST）和谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶（GPx）活性为指标,对铅和汞单一及联合胁迫对四尾栅藻的毒性作用进行了研究.结果表明,铅［Pb(NO₃)₂］和汞(HgCl₂)单一胁迫对四尾栅藻生长抑制的96h EC₅₀分别为0.678 9　mg/L和0.140 1　mg/L,二者的联合作用相加指数AI为0.009,表现为典型的相加作用.经铅、汞单一及联合染毒12 h后,栅藻体内GSH含量降低到对照组的70％左右,并在一定浓度范围内保持水平上的稳定;GST活性随胁迫浓度的增加而先上升后下降,联合染毒高浓度组中甚至出现了明显的活性抑制,抑制率为13.04％;GPx活性整体受到明显抑制并随浓度增加而持续下降,最低值仅为对照组的38.77％.铅、汞联合胁迫对四尾栅藻体内GSH含量、GST及GPx活性的影响也验证了二者之间的联合作用关系为相加作用.