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排序方式: 共有67条查询结果,搜索用时 62 毫秒
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Zhuofei Du Min Hu Jianfei Peng Song Guo Rong Zheng Jing Zheng Dongjie Shang Yanhong Qin He Niu Mengren Li Yudong Yang Sihua Lu Yusheng Wu Min Shao Shijin Shuai 《环境科学学报(英文版)》2018,30(4):348-357
Light-duty gasoline vehicles have drawn public attention in China due to their significant primary emissions of particulate matter and volatile organic compounds(VOCs). However,little information on secondary aerosol formation from exhaust for Chinese vehicles and fuel conditions is available. In this study, chamber experiments were conducted to quantify the potential of secondary aerosol formation from the exhaust of a port fuel injection gasoline engine. The engine and fuel used are common in the Chinese market, and the fuel satisfies the China V gasoline fuel standard. Substantial secondary aerosol formation was observed during a 4–5 hr simulation, which was estimated to represent more than 10 days of equivalent atmospheric photo-oxidation in Beijing. As a consequence, the extreme case secondary organic aerosol(SOA) production was 426 ± 85 mg/kg-fuel, with high levels of precursors and OH exposure. The low hygroscopicity of the aerosols formed inside the chamber suggests that SOA was the dominant chemical composition. Fourteen percent of SOA measured in the chamber experiments could be explained through the oxidation of speciated single-ring aromatics. Unspeciated precursors, such as intermediate-volatility organic compounds and semi-volatile organic compounds, might be significant for SOA formation from gasoline VOCs. We concluded that reductions of emissions of aerosol precursor gases from vehicles are essential to mediate pollution in China. 相似文献
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聚乙烯塑料类固体废弃物热裂化研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
在反应温度455-495℃,氢气压力0.1~4.0MPa和反应时间2~12h的范围内,就聚乙烯塑料类固体废弃物热裂化时温度、压力和反应时间的影响以及不同反应条件下产物的碳数分布、馏程变化进行了探讨,得出适合于生产柴油馏分的反应条件是温度475℃,常压或低压,反应时间4h等。 相似文献
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清洁汽油生产过程中的蒸馏技术 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
包昕勤 《石油化工环境保护》2005,28(3):10-13
汽油中的硫会增加汽车尾气中有害物质的排放,世界各国相继制定了越来越严格的规定,限制汽油中的硫含量。加氢技术虽然能够显著降低汽油中的硫含量,但却存在着烯烃饱和而导致辛烷值损失和氢耗高的问题。将汽油切割成不同的馏分段,根据其各自的组成特点选择不同的脱硫工艺,为这一问题提供了经济可行的解决方案。并针对汽油中硫和烯烃的分布特点,对不同汽油切割方案及蒸馏技术进行了分析。 相似文献
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Subsoil TPH and other petroleum fractions-contamination levels in an oil storage and distribution station in north-central Mexico 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Many oil industry related sites have become contaminated due to the activities characteristic of this industry, such as oil exploration and production, refining, and petro-chemistry. In Mexico, reported hydrocarbon spills for the year 2000 amounted to 185 203, equivalent to 6252 tons (PEMEX, 2000). The first step for the remediation of these polluted sites is to assess the size and intensity of the oil contamination affecting the subsoil and groundwater, followed by a health risk assessment to establish clean up levels. The aim of this work was to characterize the soil and water in a north-central Mexico Oil Storage and Distribution Station (ODSS), in terms of TPHs, gasoline and diesel fractions, BTEX, PAHs, MTBE, and some metals. Besides, measurements of the explosivity index along the ODSS were made and we describe and discuss the risk health assessment analysis performed at the ODSS, as well as the recommendations arising from it. Considering soils with TPH concentrations higher than 2000 mg kg−1, the contaminated areas corresponding to the railway zone is about 12 776.5 m2, to the south of the storage tanks is about 6558 m2, and to the south of the filling tanks is about 783 m2. Total area to be treated is about 20 107 m2 (volume of 20 107 m3), considering 1 m depth. 相似文献
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Clearing the air: The costs and consequences of higher CAFE standards and increased gasoline taxes 总被引:4,自引:2,他引:4
Concerns about energy security and climate change have sparked legislators’ interest in reducing gasoline consumption by increasing corporate average fuel-economy (CAFE) standards. Using an empirically rich simulation model and cost estimates for anticipated fuel-economy technologies, we estimate annual costs of reducing long-run gasoline consumption by 10% via a 3.8 miles per gallon increase in the standards, and the potential cost savings from allowing manufacturers to buy and sell fuel-economy credits. Maximum gasoline savings would be realized only after all existing vehicles were replaced, or 14 years in our model. A gasoline tax would produce greater immediate savings by encouraging people to drive less, and eventually to choose more-fuel-efficient vehicles. We demonstrate the advantage of a tax by comparing the cost of the higher CAFE standards over the first 14 years against the cost of a gasoline tax that would save the same amount of gasoline over that time. 相似文献
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Mario Schirmer John W. Molson Emil O. Frind James F. Barker 《Journal of contaminant hydrology》2000,46(3-4)
Biodegradation of organic contaminants in groundwater is a microscale process which is often observed on scales of 100s of metres or larger. Unfortunately, there are no known equivalent parameters for characterizing the biodegradation process at the macroscale as there are, for example, in the case of hydrodynamic dispersion. Zero- and first-order degradation rates estimated at the laboratory scale by model fitting generally overpredict the rate of biodegradation when applied to the field scale because limited electron acceptor availability and microbial growth are not considered. On the other hand, field-estimated zero- and first-order rates are often not suitable for predicting plume development because they may oversimplify or neglect several key field scale processes, phenomena and characteristics. This study uses the numerical model BIO3D to link the laboratory and field scales by applying laboratory-derived Monod kinetic degradation parameters to simulate a dissolved gasoline field experiment at the Canadian Forces Base (CFB) Borden. All input parameters were derived from independent laboratory and field measurements or taken from the literature a priori to the simulations. The simulated results match the experimental results reasonably well without model calibration. A sensitivity analysis on the most uncertain input parameters showed only a minor influence on the simulation results. Furthermore, it is shown that the flow field, the amount of electron acceptor (oxygen) available, and the Monod kinetic parameters have a significant influence on the simulated results. It is concluded that laboratory-derived Monod kinetic parameters can adequately describe field scale degradation, provided all controlling factors are incorporated in the field scale model. These factors include advective–dispersive transport of multiple contaminants and electron acceptors and large-scale spatial heterogeneities. 相似文献
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双排气管汽油车进行尾气检测时,环保监管部门的监管要求与环保尾气检测机构的实际操作常存在分歧。对于双排气管汽油车究竟插入几个取样探头测试,才能准确、科学地检测出尾气中的含量浓度,从而对尾气检测结果做出公正准确的判断,从检测标准要求、比对实验方法验证、排气管构造图解析3个方面对该问题进行了讨论。 相似文献
20.
怠速工况下汽车使用乙醇汽油排放污染物的变化 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
对怠速工况下使用乙醇汽油汽车尾气中污染物进行了检测.结果表明,使用乙醇汽油后,汽车尾气中CO和HC浓度明显降低,平均下降率为56.9%和38.2%;NOx平均下降率为15.0%;CO2浓度平均增长率为5.04%;苯系物浓度明显降低,平均下降率在45.5%~53.1%;醛类的浓度增加明显,平均增长率在47.8%~293%;丙酮、丁酮的浓度增加,分别为16.6%和25.3%. 相似文献