石煤渣生产工业窑炉保温材料的工艺研究

以石煤渣为主要原料研制的工业窑炉保温材料，具有较高的耐压强度和较低的导热率。分析研究了保温材料在烧成工艺过程中的物理化学变化，同时通过试验确定了干燥和烧成过程的工艺参数，为石煤渣治理和综合利用开辟了一种新的途径。     

一起氨制冷系统管道断裂事故的原因分析

制冷系统的库房回气管道发生了断裂失效,断裂位置在环焊缝中心且断口平整,焊缝存在未焊透缺陷。管道采用管束整体发泡保温,增加了管道的刚性,不利于管道的位移补偿。通过对管道材质进行分析,化学成分和力学性能符合设计要求。对管道受力状态进行分析并进行应力计算,结果表明,管道焊接接头未焊透,削弱了焊接接头的承载能力。管道在"冷缩"时不能补偿而产生较大的拉应力,导致在管道强度薄弱的焊接接头处发生断裂失效。     

序列间歇式活性污泥法处理毛纺厂废水的研究

采用序列间歇式活性污泥法处理毛纺厂废水。试验结果表明,经4h曝气处理,进水COD为190～650mg/L时,出水COD始终低于100mg/L,去除率大多在80％～90％之间,色度去除率大多在50％以上,出水COD和色度均达到行业排放标准。还对较低COD浓度下序列间歇式活性污泥法的COD降解过程进行了研究,推导出一级反应动力学关系式Sr＝So（1－10￣^-k1^t）,并以试验数据进行了拟合,求解出动力学常数k1和So。     

大型电信枢纽站空调室外机的噪声控制

大型电信枢纽站使用了大量的空调室外机 ,对城市环境造成了严重噪声污染。针对空调室外机的 3种不同布置方式 ,采取了不同噪声治理措施。结合噪声控制 ,合理组织气流 ,不仅有效地降低了噪声 ,而且改善了空调室外机工作环境。利用吸声吊顶 ,设计消声进风口 ,收到了事半功倍的成效     

聚苯乙烯外墙保温系统火灾风险影响因素分析

为了研究聚苯乙烯外墙保温系统火灾风险的问题,对比了3种火灾测试方法,分别是基于ISO 5660的小尺寸锥形量热计实验方法、基于ISO 9705的大尺寸实验方法和基于BS 8414的全尺寸实验方法。讨论了3种方法评测外墙保温系统火灾风险的适用性,进一步在比较分析热释放速率、临界热流强度、火蔓延情况、火灾行为以及实验后样品完整性等参数的基础上,得到了影响聚苯乙烯外墙保温系统火灾风险的关键因素。结果表明:虽然空腔的形成在此类系统火灾中不可避免,但系统保护层的严密性和完整性决定了空腔火蔓延的危险性以及聚苯乙烯在系统内的融化流动及燃烧特性。针对聚苯乙烯外墙保温系统火灾风险影响因素,进一步给出了此类系统的防火措施。     

Determination of Heat Loss from the Feet and Insulation of the Footwear

This study compared the methods of determining footwear insulation on human participants and a thermal foot model. Another purpose was to find the minimal number of measurement points on the human foot that is needed for insulation calculation. A bare foot was tested at 3 ambient temperatures on 6 participants. Three types of footwear were tested on 2 participants. The mean insulation for a bare foot obtained on the participant and model were similar. The insulation of warm footwear measured by the 2 methods was also similar. For thin footwear the insulation values from the participants were higher than those from the thermal model. The differences could be related to undefined physiological factors. Two points on the foot can be enough to measure the insulation of footwear on human participants (r = .98). However, due to the big individual differences of humans, and good repeatability and simplicity of thermal foot method, the latter should be preferred for testing.     

A Comparison of Two Methods of Determining Thermal Properties of Footwear

The present European Standard for footwear testing (Standard No. EN 344:1992; European Committee for Standardization [CEN], 1992) classifies footwear thermally by a temperature drop inside the footwear during 30 min at defined conditions. Today, other methods for footwear thermal testing are also available. The aim of this study was to compare EN 344:1992 with a thermal foot method. Six boots were tested according to both methods. Additional tests with modified standard tests were also carried out. The methods ranked the footwear in a similar way. However, the test according to standard EN 344:1992 is a pass-or-fail test, whereas data that is gained from the thermal foot method gives more information and allows further use in research and product development. A change of the present standard method is suggested.     

Effect of Sweating on Insulation of Footwear

The study aimed to find out the influence of sweating on footwear insulation with a thermal foot model. Simultaneously, the influence of applied weight (35 kg), sock, and steel toe cap were studied. Water to 3 sweat glands was supplied with a pump at the rate of 10 g/hr in total. Four models of boots with steel toe caps were tested. The same models were manufactured also without steel toe. Sweating reduced footwear insulation 19–25% (30–37% in toes). During static conditions, only a minimal amount of sweat evaporated from boots. Weight affected sole insulation: Reduction depended on compressibility of sole material. The influence of steel toe varied with insulation. The method of thermal foot model appears to be a practical tool for footwear evaluation.     

Testing Sleeping Bags According to EN 13537:2002: Details That Make the Difference

The European Standard on sleeping bag requirements (EN 13537:2002) describes a procedure to determine environmental temperature limits for safe usage of sleeping bags regarding their thermal insulation. However, there are several possible sources of error related to this procedure. The main aim of this work was to determine the influence of the various measuring parameters on the acuity of the respective parameters in order to judge the requirements. The results indicated that air velocity, mattress insulation and time between unpacking the bag and measurement had a significant impact on the result, with a difference of up to 5–15% in thermal insulation between minimum and maximum allowable parameter levels. On the other hand, manikin weight, thickness of the artificial ground and presence of a face mask were found to have a negligible influence. The article also discusses more general aspects of the standard including the calculation methods used.     

Glass buildings on river banks as “polarized light traps” for mass-swarming polarotactic caddis flies

The caddis flies Hydropsyche pellucidula emerge at dusk from the river Danube and swarm around trees and bushes on the river bank. We document here that these aquatic insects can also be attracted en masse to the vertical glass surfaces of buildings on the river bank. The individuals lured to dark, vertical glass panes land, copulate, and remain on the glass for hours. Many of them are trapped by the partly open, tiltable windows. In laboratory choice experiments, we showed that ovipositing H. pellucidula are attracted to highly and horizontally polarized light stimulating their ventral eye region and, thus, have positive polarotaxis. In the field, we documented that highly polarizing vertical black glass surfaces are significantly more attractive to both female and male H. pellucidula than weakly polarizing white ones. Using video polarimetry, we measured the reflection-polarization characteristics of vertical glass surfaces of buildings where caddis flies swarmed. We propose that after its emergence from the river, H. pellucidula is attracted to buildings by their dark silhouettes and the glass-reflected, horizontally polarized light. After sunset, this attraction may be strengthened by positive phototaxis elicited by the buildings' lights. The novelty of this visual-ecological phenomenon is that the attraction of caddis flies to vertical glass surfaces has not been expected because vertical glass panes do not resemble the horizontal surface of waters from which these insects emerge and to which they must return to oviposit.