SBR中纳米氧化锌和四环素复合投加系统对污泥胞外聚合物的影响

为研究氧化锌纳米颗粒(ZnO-NPs)和四环素(TC)对SBR系统内活性污泥胞外聚合物(EPS)特性的响应变化,在模拟室外光照条件下,考察了递增浓度ZnO-NPs和TC单独或复合投加方式下对EPS中蛋白质和多糖的影响。结果表明：ZnO-NPs、TC和复合投加系统中EPS的蛋白质含量均明显高于多糖,在各系统中,低浓度的投加量对蛋白质和多糖的含量改变无明显影响;随着浓度的递增和反应周期的延长,相比于空白组,ZnO-NPs系统中的蛋白质和多糖含量分别下降了33.58%和64.75%;TC和复合投加系统中蛋白质含量分别升高了57.86%、68.58%,多糖含量分别下降了43.60%和40.38%,且2个系统蛋白质和多糖含量变化趋势相似,因此,判断复合投加系统可能受TC影响较大。FT-IR分析显示,ZnO-NPs、TC和复合投加系统主要对EPS中蛋白质和多糖中的—OH、—NH₂、C=O、C—OH及C—O产生影响。3D-EEM分析表明,EPS中蛋白质基团受到主要影响。该研究可为纳米颗粒和抗生素共存情况下对污泥EPS的影响提供依据。     

人工纳米颗粒输入对稻田土壤Cd形态转化及生物有效性的影响

进入农田土壤的人工纳米颗粒对土壤中重金属迁移转化及毒性的影响仍不明确。通过模拟稻田淹水-落干过程,研究了二氧化钛（TiO2-NPs）、氧化锌（ZnO-NPs）和多壁碳纳米管（MWCNTs）3种典型人工纳米颗粒对水稻土中重金属Cd赋存形态及生物有效性的影响。结果表明,3种纳米颗粒的添加均引起了土壤pH的增加;TiO2-NPs和ZnO-NPs添加能够显著降低土壤中酸可提取态Cd含量;ZnO-NPs的添加对土壤中铁锰氧化物结合态和有机结合态Cd的含量也有明显降低,但不同浓度处理间Cd含量并无显著差异;MWCNTs对土壤Cd形态转化无显著影响。与对照处理相比,添加TiO2-NPs的处理土壤中,CaCl2和DTPA提取态Cd含量分别降低了13.9%~17.5%和5.4%~8.9%,降幅均与TiO2-NPs添加浓度成正比。添加ZnO-NPs的土壤中,DTPA提取态Cd的含量降幅在8.4%~18.7%之间,降低幅度与ZnO-NPs添加浓度成反比。     

氧化锌纳米颗粒对SBR中活性污泥脱氮性能及硝化细菌丰度的影响

在SBR中添加氧化锌纳米颗粒（ZnO-NPs）,研究ZnO-NPs对活性污泥脱氮性能及硝化细菌丰度的影响。结果表明,低浓度（1 mg·L-1）ZnO-NPs对活性污泥脱氮性能无影响,高浓度（10、50 mg·L-1）ZnO-NPs可抑制活性污泥硝化性能,且对硝化菌活性抑制作用小于亚硝化菌。ZnO-NPs浓度梯度增加至50 mg·L-1较直接投加50 mg·L-1 ZnO-NPs对污泥活性抑制作用小。高浓度ZnO-NPs改变活性污泥微生物胞外聚合物（EPS）产量和性质。SBR运行结束时,高浓度ZnO-NPs的添加导致亚硝化菌相对丰度大幅度减小,而对硝化菌相对丰度影响较小。     

硫化亚铁纳米粒子吸附地下水中的镉

用羧甲基纤维素钠(CMC)作为稳定剂制备FeS纳米粒子,研究FeS纳米粒子对地下水中镉的吸附性能。讨论了反应时间、CMC添加量、腐殖酸对CMC-FeS纳米粒子吸附镉的影响。结果发现,FeS纳米粒子吸附镉的动力学过程符合准二级动力学,吸附等温线符合Freundlich模型。吸附量随CMC添加量的增加而增加,当CMC和FeS的摩尔比增加到0.0010时,吸附量最大,此后随着CMC添加量的增大,吸附量又降低。腐殖酸(HA)的加入有利于FeS纳米粒子对镉的吸附。     

Microbe-mediated sustainable bio-recovery of gold from low-grade precious solid waste: A microbiological overview

In an era of electronics,recovering the precious metal such as gold from ever increasing piles of electronic-wastes and metal-ion infested soil has become one of the prime concerns for researchers worldwide.Biological mining is an attractive,economical and nonhazardous to recover gold from the low-grade auriferous ore containing waste or soil.This review represents the recent major biological gold retrieval methods used to bio-mine gold.The biomining methods discussed in this review include,biol...     

Bimetallic nickel molybdate supported Pt catalyst for efficient removal of formaldehyde at low temperature

Efficient removal of formaldehyde from indoor environments is of significance for human health.In this work,a typical binary transition metal oxide that could provide various oxidation states,β-NiMoO₄,was employed as a support to immobilize the active Pt component(Pt/NiMoO₄) for catalytic formaldehyde elimination at low ambient temperature(15℃).The results showed that the hydrothermal preparation temperature and time had a noticeable impact on the morphology and catalytic a...     

两种纳米颗粒对沸石吸附环丙沙星的影响

为了探明纳米颗粒（NPs）共存对抗生素在黏土矿物上的吸附的影响,以沸石为供试黏土矿物,环丙沙星（CIP）为目标污染物,研究了不同温度、 pH值和离子强度条件下,纳米氧化锌（ZnO NPs）和纳米二氧化钛（TiO₂ NPs）这2种NPs对沸石吸附CIP的影响,并结合沸石的表面特征探讨不同类型NPs对CIP吸附的影响机制.结果表明,除5 mg·L^-1ZnO NPs共存时,轻微促进了CIP的吸附,其他NPs浓度均对CIP产生不同程度的抑制,抑制程度表现出TiO₂ NPs>ZnO NPs的顺序;随温度升高,NPs的存在增强了沸石对CIP吸附的增温正效应;当离子强度由0.001mol·L^-1增加到0.01mol·L^-1时,CIP的吸附量下降,但2种NPs的存在均减弱了离子强度的负效应;溶液pH会影响CIP的存在形态和NPs的性质,进而影响CIP的吸附.沸石对单一CIP的吸附存在静电引力、氢键和孔径填充作用,ZnO NPs主要通过静电引力竞争吸附位点对CIP吸附产生影响,而TiO     

不同环境条件下水铁矿和针铁矿纳米颗粒稳定性

纳米颗粒的团聚和分散是控制许多重要环境过程的关键因素.本研究通过测定水铁矿纳米颗粒(FHNPs)和针铁矿纳米颗粒(GTNPs)的粒径和Zeta电位,计算DLVO相互作用能,探究了不同pH、离子和有机质条件下两种纳米颗粒的稳定性.结果表明Na⁺和Ca²⁺通过离子强度的作用促进FHNPs和GTNPs团聚;低浓度PO₄^3-(2mmol·L^-1)、HA和FA(2 mg·L^-1和10 mg·L^-1)吸附在铁矿物纳米颗粒上,改变其表面电荷,提高FHNPs和GTNPs在中高pH条件下的稳定性.高浓度的PO₄^3-(10mmol·L^-1)虽然也可改变铁矿物纳米颗粒的电性,但由于离子强度的作用,对GTNPs的稳定性贡献不大.FHNPs或GTNPs的Zeta电位接近于0时,其相互作用的一级势垒和次级势阱常常同时不存在,两种纳米颗粒主要以不可逆的方式在一级势阱中团聚;当一级势垒和次级势阱同时存...     

稳定化FeS纳米颗粒原位修复地下水中Cr(Ⅵ)的可行性

FeS纳米材料易团聚易氧化的特点,极大地限制了其工程应用.为此,选用羧甲基纤维素钠(CMC)、淀粉(ST)、瓜尔胶(GG)和海藻酸钠(SA)作为高聚物稳定剂,制得CMC-FeS、ST-FeS、GG-FeS和SA-FeS纳米材料,综合考察了4种改性FeS材料的稳定性、迁移能力及其对Cr(Ⅵ)的反应活性.结果 表明,4种高...     

ZnO nanoparticles induced cytotoxicity on human pulmonary adenocarcinoma cell line LTEP-a-2

Novel nanoparticles (NPs) such as zinc oxide (ZnO) NPs are widely produced and applied in our daily lives at a rapid pace. Thus, the toxicity of ZnO NPs should be monitored as an important standard for environmental risk assessment. Here we assessed the in vitro cytotoxicity of ZnO NPs on human pulmonary adenocarcinoma cells LTEP-a-2 by tetrazolium salt colorimetric assay of cell proliferation in the presence or absence of ZnO NPs. ZnO NPs-induced morphological changes in LTEP-a-2 cells were examined by light and scanning electron microscopy. The mechanism by which ZnO NPs impose the cytotoxic effect was investigated by a combination of active oxygen test, lactose dehydrogenase-release assay, and apoptosis detection. Results showed that ZnO NPs significantly inhibited the proliferation and induced evident morphological changes (cell shrinkage and chromosome condensation) in LTEP-a-2 cells. Additionally, ZnO NPs increased the level of intracellular reactive oxygen species and induced the formation of apoptotic vesicles as well as the lysis of cell nuclei. Zn²⁺ ions released from ZnO NPs into aqueous solution are important components that exert cytotoxic effects on LTEP-a-2 cells. This study provides new insights to the cytotoxicity of ZnO NPs against human health.