Preparation and characterization of Pd/Fe bimetallic nanoparticles immobilized on Al2O3/PVDF membrane: Parameter optimization and dechlorination of dichloroacetic acid

Using a liquid–solid phase inversion method, a hybrid matrix poly(vinylidene fluoride)(PVDF) membrane was prepared with alumina(Al2O3) nanoparticle addition. Pd/Fe nanoparticles(NPs) were successfully immobilized on the Al2O3/PVDF membrane, which was characterized by Scanning Electron Microscopy(SEM) and Transmission Electron Microscopy(TEM). The micrographs showed that the Pd/Fe NPs were dispersed homogeneously. Several important experimental parameters were optimized, including the mechanical properties, contact angle and surface area of Al2O3/PVDF composite membranes with different Al2O3 contents. At the same time, the ferrous ion concentration and the effect of hydrophilization were studied. The results showed that the modified Al2O3/PVDF membrane functioned well as a support. The Al2O3/PVDF membrane with immobilized Pd/Fe NPs exhibited high efficiency in terms of dichloroacetic acid(DCAA) dechlorination. Additionally, a reaction pathway for DCAA dechlorination by Pd/Fe NPs immobilized on the Al2O3/PVDF membrane system was proposed.     

Fabrication of bimetallic Ag/Fe immobilized on modified biochar for removal of carbon tetrachloride

As an effective conventional absorbent, biochar exhibited limited adsorption ability toward small hydrophobic molecules. To enhance the adsorption capacity, a novel adsorbent was prepared by immobilizing nanoscale zero-valent iron onto modified biochar (MB) and then the elemental silver was attached to the surface of iron (Ag/Fe/MB). It''s noted that spherical Ag/Fe nanoparticles with diameter of 51 nm were highly dispersed on the surface of MB. As the typical hydrophobic contaminant, carbon tetrachloride was selected for examining the removal efficiency of the adsorbent. The removal efficiencies of carbon tetrachloride by original biochar (OB), Ag/Fe, Ag/Fe/OB and Ag/Fe/MB were fully investigated. It''s found that Ag/Fe/MB showed higher carbon tetrachloride removal efficiency, which is about 5.5 times higher than that of the OB sample due to utilizing the merits of high adsorption and reduction. Thermodynamic parameters revealed that the removal of carbon tetrachloride by Ag/Fe/MB was a spontaneous and exothermic process, which was affected by solution pH, initial carbon tetrachloride concentration and temperature. The novel Ag/Fe/MB composites provided a promising material for carbon tetrachloride removal from effluent.     

基于TOUGH2/EOS9nT模拟饱和双区介质砂柱中纳米颗粒的运移

随着纳米材料的大量生产和广泛应用,纳米颗粒不可避免地进入环境中,对地下水系统和人体健康产生潜在影响,研究纳米颗粒在地下水中的迁移规律具有重要意义.采用TOUGH2/EOS9nT模块,基于多重相互作用连续体(MINC)概念和胶体过滤理论,数值分析示踪剂KNO_3和纳米氧化石墨烯在一维非均质砂柱中的运移.研究结果表明:1MINC方法能够有效模拟双重非均质介质,非均质介质渗透系数的差异是造成出流穿透曲线双峰和拖尾特征的主要原因之一;随溶液离子强度增大,纳米氧化石墨烯在饱和非均质介质中的迁移能力下降;基于EOS9nT模块中的线性平衡过滤模型可有效模拟低离子强度下双重非均质介质中纳米颗粒运移,但即使采用动态过滤模型仍无法精确模拟高离子强度下纳米颗粒的运移;2通过双渗模型中渗透率的敏感性分析发现:随渗透率比值增大,裂隙区穿透曲线峰值提前,基质区曲线峰值推后,穿透曲线双峰现象更明显;3比较三重介质和双重介质,发现总穿透曲线受三重区域各自曲线叠加时刻影响,也表现出峰值/拖尾的增强或削弱,在合适的渗透率比值下,可能出现三个峰值和拖尾.     

Biosynthesis of gold nanoparticles by Trichoderma sp. WL-Go for azo dyes decolorization

Developing an eco-friendly approach for metallic nanoparticles synthesis is important in current nanotechnology research. In this study, green synthesis of gold nanoparticles(AuNPs) was carried out by a newly isolated strain Trichoderma sp. WL-Go. UV–vis spectra of Au NPs showed a surface plasmon resonance peak at 550 nm, and transmission electron microscopy images revealed that the Au NPs were of varied shape with well dispersibility.The optimal conditions for Au NPs synthesis were HAuCl_4 1.0 mmol/L, biomass 0.5 g and pH 7–11. Moreover, the bio-Au NPs could efficiently catalyze the decolorization of various azo dyes. This research provided a new microbial resource candidate for green synthesis of Au NPs and demonstrated the potential application of bio-Au NPs for azo dye decolorization.     

模拟废水中钯的微生物回收及其对亚甲基蓝的催化特性

以粪肠球菌(Enterococcus faecalis)Z5菌株(CCTCC M2012445)为菌种资源,探讨了其在外源电子供体条件下以纳米颗粒形式回收溶液中钯的可能性,研究了工业废液(IW)、废旧电路板(PCBS)和废汽车催化剂(SAC)3种模拟废水中钯的回收率,分析了废水中其它离子对钯回收率的影响.结果表明,粪肠球菌Z5菌株可以从3种模拟废水中回收钯纳米颗粒.X射线衍射和透射电镜分析表明,回收产物为10 nm左右粒径的钯纳米颗粒,主要分布于细胞周质.3种废水中钯的回收率依次为IWSACPCBS,其中吸附率依次为99.8%(6 h)、99.7%(8 h)、90.3%(12 h),还原率依次为99.9%(4 h)、99.9%(6 h)、80.4%(36 h).模拟废水中Pt(Ⅳ)、Ag(Ⅰ)、Cu(Ⅱ)、Au(Ⅲ)和Fe(Ⅱ)对钯的还原和吸附过程都存在影响.具体地,钯的还原效率受影响程度依次为Au(Ⅲ)Pt(Ⅳ)Cu(Ⅱ)Ag(Ⅰ)Fe(Ⅱ).进一步将回收所得的纳米钯掺杂四氧化三铁,可应用于非均相芬顿反应中染料亚甲基蓝降解,80 min内亚甲基蓝的降解率为96.7%,显示出良好的催化性能.     

纳米银毒理学研究进展

纳米银因其优越的抗菌性能被广泛应用于环境、农业、医药等领域。以往的研究从体内试验和体外试验方面对纳米银的健康影响及其作用机制进行了探讨,然而,由于研究设计或研究条件等方面的限制,以往的研究结果仍存在一些不足,迄今为止,有关纳米银对健康的影响及其作用机制仍不很清楚。综述了近年来在纳米银毒理学研究方面所取得的进展以及目前研究中的不足,并展望了未来研究的方向。     

Synthesis of a highly recoverable 3D MnO2/rGO hybrid aerogel for efficient adsorptive separation of pharmaceutical residue

Water contamination by non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, such as acetaminophen, is an emerging ecological concern. In this study, a new three-dimensional manganese dioxide-engrafted reduced graphene oxide (3D MnO₂/rGO) hybrid aerogel was developed for acetaminophen sequestration. The synthesis involved firstly the self-assembly of GO aerogel, followed by thermal reduction and in-situ MnO₂ growth by redox-reaction. The aerogel demonstrated interlinked planes with smooth surfaces deposited with MnO₂ nanospheres and pores of 138.4 – 235.3 µm width. The influences of adsorbent dosage, initial pH, acetaminophen concentration, temperature and contact time were investigated. It was determined that the adsorption of acetaminophen occurred on uniform sorption sites in the aerogel, as suggested by the best fit of data to the Langmuir isotherm, yielding a maximum adsorption capacity of 252.87 mg/g. This highest adsorption performance of the 3D MnO₂/rGO aerogel was attained at a dosage of 0.6 g/L, initial pH of 6.2 and temperature of 40°C. The process kinetics were in-line with the pseudo-first-order and pseudo-second-order kinetics at 10 and 20 – 500 mg/L concentrations, respectively. Thermodynamic assay showed the spontaneity and endothermicity features of the 3D MnO₂/rGO-acetaminophen system. The acetaminophen adsorption mechanisms were mainly hydrogen bonding and pore entrapment. Moreover, the as-synthesised aerogel was effectively regenerated using acetone and re-utilised in four adsorption-desorption cycles. Overall, the results highly recommend the implementation of the 3D MnO₂/rGO hybrid aerogel for purification of wastewater polluted by acetaminophen residue.     

Histopathological studies and oxidative stress of synthesized silver nanoparticles in Mozambique tilapia (Oreochromis mossambicus)

To evaluate the potential environmental effects of engineered nano metals, it is important to determine the adverse effects of various nanomaterials on aquatic species. Adult tilapia (Oreochromis mossambicus) were maintained in 10 L glass aquaria, and exposed to a graded series of synthesized silver nanoparticles (Ag-NPs) at 25, 50 and 75 mg/L for eight days. The LC₅₀ value was 12.6 mg/L. Reduced activities of antioxidant enzymes and the contents of antioxidants were lowered in the gills and liver of fishes treated with Ag-NPs, which resulted in heavy accumulation of free radicals. Histopathological results imply that the balance between the oxidative and antioxidant system in the fish was broken down during Ag-NPs exposure. The principal concern related with the release of nanomaterials and their smaller particle may change the materials transport and potential toxicity to aquatic organisms compared to larger particles.     

金属离子修饰纳米TiO2薄膜光催化降解苯酚

通过溶胶-凝胶法制备纳米TiO2薄膜，在制备过程中分别掺杂一定量的Fe^3 、Zn^2 、Pd^2 等金属离子。以高压汞灯做光源，用制得的纳米TiO2薄膜对苯酚作光催化降解实验，结果表明：掺杂Fe^3 、Zn^2 、Pd^2 的纳米TiO2催化剂光催化性能明显提高。并探讨了金属离子掺杂浓度和氧化剂对光催化的影响。     

pH、离子强度及电解质种类对纳米氧化锌聚集和溶解的影响

本文初步探讨了不同pH、离子强度及电解质种类对纳米氧化锌(ZnO NPs)稳定性(聚集沉降和溶解)的影响.沉降实验表明,pH越靠近零电荷点(~pH9.2),ZnO NPs聚集体尺寸越大,沉降速度越快,稳定性越低;中性pH条件下,随着离子强度的增加,ZnO NPs ζ电位绝对值减小,聚集体尺寸相应变大,沉降速度加快,稳定性降低.中性pH时ZnO NPs ζ电位为正值,阴离子较阳离子更易使ZnO NPs聚集沉降,且SO2-4的影响远大于Cl-.溶解实验显示,pH2—11,Zn2+都会释放到溶液中,pH>7.5,ZnO NPs溶解量<5%;pH<6,超过60%的Zn2+释放到溶液中.中性条件下,离子强度越高,ZnONPs越易溶解,且Ca2+对纳米氧化锌溶解的促进作用强于Na+.这表明离子对纳米氧化锌溶解的促进可能源于阳离子与颗粒表面的离子交换机制.