污染源监测中样品采集质量控制方法

现场监测及核查的重要环节包括采样点位、采样断面、现场工况等方面。针对这些环节,尤其是废气现场工况核查部分提出质量监控方法,并以现场推算复核的方式有效解决监测现场中经常出现的问题。     

三峡工程对长江中游湖泊生态环境影响及监测因子的优选

根据三峡工程对长江中游湖泊的生态环境影响，优选出了其监测因子，以期通过这些因子的监测，可以较全面、准确地反映长江中游湖泊的生态环境状况与动态变化趋势。     

十三陵地震台观测技术系统优化改造

在北京十三陵地震台建设了一个高度集成的地震观测监控系统，将原来分散的观测项目（如测震、GPS、气氡、气汞、电磁波、地电场等测项），改造为集中到一台服务器管理，在一个监控平台上统一实现了对台站数据的收集、入库、管理、处理、监控等业务；对这些观测项目可以在控制台上直接取数并将数据入库；初步实现了观测数据的收集、数据处理、数据管理、数据监控的软件管理系统，减少了系统维护工作量，方便台站工作人员操控。监控系统的地震前兆数据监管软件系统DataMonitor可准实时监视数据，检查数据的异常和到达情况，并向台站数据管理人员告警；可对数据库数据进行统计，包括数据到达情况统计、缺数统计、数据连续率统计等。该系统还提供多种前兆数据处理方法，实现对前兆数据的各种常规分析处理。     

Comparison of modelled and measured ozone concentrations and meteorology for a site in south-west Sweden: implications for ozone uptake calculations

Measurements of ground-level ozone concentrations and meteorology (temperature, vapour pressure deficit (VPD), solar radiation) at the monitoring site Ostad (south-west Sweden) were compared to data from the corresponding grid in the EMEP photo-oxidant model for 1997, 1999 and 2000. The influence of synoptic weather on the agreement between model and measurements was studied. Implications of differences between modelled and observed inputs for ozone flux calculations for wheat and potato were investigated. The EMEP model output of ozone, temperature and VPD correlated well with measurements during daytime. Deviations were larger during the night, especially in calm conditions, attributed to local climatological conditions at the monitoring site deviating from average conditions of the grid. These differences did not lead to significant differences in calculated ozone uptake, which was reproduced remarkably well. The uptake calculations were sensitive to errors in the ozone and temperature input data, especially when including a flux threshold.     

国家环境标准中挥发性有机物分析方法的研究进展

综述了我国不同介质中挥发性有机物(VOCs)的环境监测方法标准,介绍了样品采集和前处理、分析方法、质量保证与质量控制等技术内容,以及VOCs监测技术的研究进展。分析了国内VOCs监管控制的现状和重点需求,并在此基础上提出了健全VOCs环境标准体系、完善分类监管的优先控制物种清单、尽快实现VOCs监测工作的常态化、推广应用先进的VOCs监测技术等建议。     

Model-based evaluation of controlled-release systems in the remediation of dissolved plumes in groundwater

Controlled-release, semi-passive reactive barrier systems have been recently developed as a long-term treatment option for controlling the spread of contaminant plumes in groundwater. This paper describes a new computer code, and applies it to study coupled processes of solute release, reaction, and mass transport in an in situ remediation scheme using the controlled release of potassium permanganate. Confidence with the modeling approach was developed by model verifications and simulating results of a pilot-scale test-cell experiment. Sensitivity analyses indicated the possibilities of treatment inefficiencies due to inability of transverse dispersion to mix the permanganate (MnO(4)(-)) within the zone of reaction, fluctuations in source strength due to variations in flow velocity, and the small length of treatment zone due to strong soil utilization of MnO(4)(-). Although problems associated with the fluctuating source strength and strong soil utilization can be addressed by optimizing the release rate, the inefficiency of transverse dispersion to create mixing could pose a serious limitation. Through a series of model simulations, a system of injection/withdrawal wells in a doublet arrangement was developed to facilitate lateral spreading and mixing of MnO(4)(-). A well-mixed, stable MnO(4)(-) zone with predetermined size (DxL=8m x 2m) and concentration ranges (1.5-20 mg l(-1)) was created by four 1-day injection/withdrawal pumping periods over 24 d. This type of mixing zone may persist for many years with periodic well mixing and replacements of exhausted controlled-release forms. Coupled use of the generalized code with field hydrologic data will help to optimize the design and operation of controlled-release systems in practice.     

浅议还原监测数据真实性的途径

从现场采样和实验室分析两方面分析了影响监测数据真实性的环节和误差产生来源,阐述了对比法、排除法、分段检查法和重点检查法等监测数据分析方法。对可疑的监测数据指出了分析思路和解决途径,对监测数据审核判定和正确运用具有实际指导作用。     

加油站土壤与地下水环境管理问题思考与对策

分析了加油站对土壤与地下水的可能污染途径,结合广州市加油站分布现状及远景规划,借鉴国内外环境管理先进经验,提出了全面开展加油站土壤与地下水污染隐患排查、强化加油站环境监测管理要求、加快推进防渗设施改造工作、完善选址过程中的环保准入要求、加强风险管控与修复工作等建议。     

崇明岛风景旅游区空气负离子监测评价方案研究

崇明岛作为上海市的未来生态岛屿,至今尚未开展过系统的空气负离子研究。依据该县相关规划,结合区域植被、地貌、人为影响等因素,在东滩国家级自然保护区、东平国家森林公园、前卫村、明珠湖和西沙湿地5个监测区域共选定了18个空气质量监测点进行研究。按崇明风景旅游区的具体情况,对国内外7种空气负离子监测评价方法进行了比较,最终确定选用安培空气质量评价系数、森林空气离子评价系数、空气负离子系数评价法、轻重离子比评价法来对该岛的空气质量进行评价。最后还对相关负离子监测仪器进行了分析及建议。