我国地下水环境管理现状及管理制度构建研究

在目前进行我国《水污染防治法》的修法工作中,发现地下水的相关责任由国务院多个部门负责,系统性差,协调难度大,存在工作性质与管理责任脱节的现象。因此,文章在总结梳理国内法律法规和相关管理规定及理清各部门管理责任的基础上,针对我国地下水的实际情况,提出完善我国地下水管理制度及建议。     

国内外地下水环境监测工作研究进展

由于自然条件和经济社会发展条件的不同,使得不同国家和地区的地下水监测工作差别很大。文章在系统整理总结美国、欧盟、台湾等主要国家和地区地下水监测工作有关的论文、规章等成果基础上,对地下水监测工作研究现状进行了概述,结合我国地下水监测工作开展的实际情况,进行对比和分析;提出了目前我国在地下水监测工作中存在的不足,并对如何提高和促进我国地下水监测工作提出了对策建议。     

“The commons” as a dynamic variable in understanding strategic alliances of scale: A groundwater case study in Pajaro Valley,California

Groundwater, a critical resource in many parts of the world, is often characterized as a common pool resource (Brozovic et al., 2006). Multiple individuals utilize groundwater from a basin, and each person has the capacity to reduce the quantity or quality available to others. We turn to a case study of the Pajaro Groundwater Basin in Central California to re-envision the characterization of “commons.” While providing a useful frame from which to analyze groundwater depletion in the Pajaro, we find Common Pool Resource (CPR) theory to be imprecise in its approach to a geographic scale. The notion of the “commons” is central to CPR studies, but there is wide divergence in what the “commons” constitutes, both spatially and socially (Laerhoven and Ostrom, 2007). Rather than propose a normative definition for the “commons,” we suggest that the “commons” as a geographic category is socially constructed and dynamically active over time, akin to the analytic of scale as developed within the fields of political ecology and geography. This move from situating the “commons” as a fixed and discrete geographic area to that which is constantly changing and relational helps us to better understand the ways in which water users collaborate and communicate around shared groundwater sources.     

高斯轨迹烟云扩散模型在贵阳空气质量预报中的应用

选择在复杂地区应用较好的高斯轨迹烟云扩散模型,作为贵阳市空气质量预报的数学扩散模式,并利用贵阳市现有的污染源排放资料和气象资料,对贵阳市的大气污染物分布进行了模拟计算,经与实测结果比较表明:实测值与监测值基本一致,相关性较好。该模式可以作为贵阳市空气质量预报的数学扩散模式,对其他城市也具有一定的借鉴作用。      

浑河环境保护与地下水资源质量的改善

介绍了沈阳市地下水水源地分布状况、浑河沿岸水文地质条件与河水的渗漏、浑河污染对地下水源的影响及2 0 0 2～ 2 0 0 3年浑河治臭工程对地下水环境的影响     

关于积极推进生态城市建设的对策建议

介绍了沈阳市在生态城市建设中的成绩 ,提出积极推进生态城市建设中要切实注重的几个问题———进一步完善森林城市生态规划 ,提高水资源利用率 ,建设节水型社会 ,保护地下水 ,使人民群众喝上安全合格的水 ,提出对策建议。     

地下水污染健康风险评价理论体系研究

基于对风险的认识,以地下水为研究载体提出地下水污染健康风险评价的概念.按照风险识别、风险量化、风险管理的步骤构建了地下水污染健康风险评价的理论体系,并对每个步骤进行了详细的描述和研究方法的探讨,提出了判定的原则和方法以及对我国地下水污染健康风险管理的建议,以期为我国地下水资源管理和保护工作提供科学依据.     

葫芦岛市钢屯地区地下水钼污染状况调查

葫芦岛市是中国最重要的钼矿基地。而钼矿主要集中在葫芦岛市连山区钢屯镇。随着钼的大量开采和冶炼,导致大量生产废水外排和偷排,造成附近地区地下水污染,为了弄清该地区污染,为环境管理提供决策依据,我们对该地区的地下水中的钼进行了监测。     

Climate change impacts on groundwater resources in Mekong Delta under representative concentration pathways (RCPs) scenarios

Groundwater is the essential resource for various uses and have a great economic importance especially in the areas like Mekong Delta, which is the home for some 18 million people and produces a half of Vietnam’s rice and contributes substantial part of the country’s gross domestic product (GDP). Sustainable use of the groundwater resource is threatened by its uncontrolled abstraction and climate change. This study assesses groundwater resources in Mekong Delta aquifer system in the context of climate change. A set of models are used for the purpose. Groundwater recharge and its spatial variation are estimated using WETSPASS model, groundwater level and storage are estimated using MODFLOW and future climatic conditions in the area are developed by downscaling the data of five General Circulation Models (GCMs) retrieved from CMIP5 data portal. Two representative concentration pathways (RCPs) scenarios (RCP4.5 and RCP8.5) are considered for projecting future conditions of groundwater resources. Results reveal that the future average annual temperature is projected to increase by 1.5 °C and 4.9 °C by the end of the 21st century under RCP4.5 and RCP8.5 scenarios, respectively. Future rainfall is projected to increase in wet season and decrease in dry season. Groundwater recharge is projected to decline in short-, medium-, and long-terms. As a result, groundwater levels and storage are also projected to decline in future. These findings may help decision-makers and stakeholders for devising sustainable groundwater management strategies in Mekong Delta.