pH对磷酸铵镁结晶介稳区、诱导期和反应速率的影响

以p H为控制参数,利用自组装激光测量装置测定了4、20、30和40℃时,磷酸铵镁在水溶液中的溶解度、超饱和度和介稳区宽度等基础数据,分析了不同温度和p H下磷酸铵镁结晶介稳区的变化规律,考察了p H对磷酸铵镁结晶诱导期和结晶反应速率的影响。结果表明,提高溶液的p H,可降低磷酸铵镁在水溶液中的溶解度和超饱和度,但同时磷酸铵镁结晶介稳区宽度有所增加;磷酸铵镁的溶解度和超饱和度随温度的升高呈现上升的趋势,而磷酸铵镁的结晶介稳区宽度则随温度的升高而变窄,提高溶液中MAP的物质浓度也会压缩结晶介稳区宽度;随着溶液p H的升高,磷酸铵镁的结晶诱导期逐渐缩短,同时其结晶反应速率也有明显的提升。在磷酸铵镁结晶除磷过程中,可以通过控制p H来优化反应工艺条件,促进磷酸铵镁结晶反应的进行。     

1982—2015年长江流域植被覆盖度时空变化分析

量化植被覆盖变化及其与气候变化之间的关系,是当前全球变化和陆地表层生态系统研究领域的热点和难点。论文基于GIMMS-NDVI数据和气象数据,运用趋势分析、突变分析、偏相关分析以及残差分析,探讨长江流域植被覆盖度时空变化特征及其对气候和人类活动干扰的响应机制。结果表明：1）1982—2015年间长江流域除岷-沱江和太湖流域植被覆盖度为下降趋势外,其余均呈上升趋势,呈上升趋势的区域占流域总面积的69.77%,其中45.09%的区域呈显著上升趋势（P<0.1）;2）基于Mann-Kendall突变分析发现,1982—2015年间长江流域植被覆盖度年际变化存在突变现象,且区域差异性显著;3）气温与植被覆盖度的偏相关系数绝对值最大的像元占研究区总面积的43.31%,表明气温是长江流域近30 a植被覆盖度年际变化的主要影响因素;4）人类活动对长江流域植被覆盖度的影响力以持续增强为主,人类活动减弱的区域主要分布在金沙江流域、岷-沱江流域、汉水流域局部区域以及各大省会城市区域。     

利用激光雷达观测黄沙气溶胶

作为传统的黄沙监测技术的发展和延伸，激光雷达已经成为一种全新的黄沙观测手段，它的使用标志着对黄沙的观测由二维空间发展到三维空间。本文简要阐述了NIES型激光雷达的工作原理，激光雷达的构成，对利用激光雷达观测黄沙气溶胶进行了讨论，提出了利用激光雷达观测黄沙天气，具有连续性、准确性和可视化的三大特点。     

纤维素高效降解菌NU-H的诱变选育及降解特性

以草酸青霉(Penicillium oxalicum)D1为出发菌株,经过紫外线、亚硝酸以及紫外与亚硝酸复合诱变处理,选育出1株高产纤维素酶突变株NU-H,与出发菌株相比,CMCase酶活提高69.8%,滤纸酶活提高75.28%,另外木聚糖酶活,还原糖得率也有显著地提高。通过单因子及正交实验,研究了突变株纤维素酶对稻草粉水解的最适宜条件。结果表明,该菌株酶解糖化的最佳条件为:温度50℃,时间28 h,纤维素酶浓度为60%,底物浓度3%,pH 4.8,还原糖得率为23.25%。     

高效石油降解菌的选育及其降解特性研究

从石油化工厂附近的污染土壤中分离到三株石油降解菌w1、w2和w3,经鉴定分别是不动杆菌属、芽孢杆菌属和假单胞菌属。初步研究了菌株的生长特性与其降解石油能力的关系,并将w1和w2进行紫外诱变得到诱变菌yw1和yw2。对诱变前后的菌株进行石油降解实验,结果表明,诱变前的菌株在原油浓度为4000mg/L培养液中培养10d,原油的降解率分别为74.34%和77.58%。而诱变菌株10d降解率达到了79.9%和87.3%。同时,诱变菌株还大大提高了对高浓度石油的耐受能力。     

Genotoxic potential of organic extracts from municipal reclaimed water in Tianjin,China

Despite increasing pressure to make more efficient use of water resources, the widespread use of reclaimed water still remains a contentious issue, primarily because of risks to human health arising from water pollution by organic compounds. Therefore, safety evaluation of reclaimed water is an urgent need. The aim of this study was to determine the genotoxic potential of reclaimed water during low and high water periods. Reverse phase C-18 solid-phase extraction (RP-C18SPE) was used for the extraction of organic compounds from water samples. The tests, namely, Ames, micronucleus and chromosome aberrations were used to determine the damage caused by water samples on genetic material. Ames tests showed that both influent and effluent reclaimed water, except influent after metabolism by S9 in high water period, induced mutation of TA98 and TA100 strains of Salmonella typhimurium in a concentration-response manner. There were no significant differences in micronucleus and chromosome aberration tests. Even after treatment, reclaimed water in Tianjin still showed mutational effects and new strategies for reduction of genotoxins need to be considered.     

Species-Specific Features of Inter- and Intrapopulation Variation in the Level of Chromosome Instability in Rodents

Studies on the common vole Microtus arvalis revealed a distinct cytogenetic response to the influence of ionizing radiation, a wide range of variation in the group average indices of chromosome instability beyond the zone of technogenic impact, and the influence of natural factors (viral infections and fluctuations of population size) on the frequency of chromosome aberrations. In the northern mole vole Ellobius talpinus, neither the mutagenic effect of ionizing radiation nor interpopulation differences in the level of chromosome aberrations in the absence of anthropogenic impact were detected. Variation of genome instability of the rodents is significantly contributed to by species demography and population cycles.     

拼焊板材冲压成形技术(工)

详细介绍和总结了拼焊板的研究现状,讨论了拼焊板的材料和焊接技术的研究成果及其相关技术问题.     

Appljcation of the thermal lens effectfor determination of iodide

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