重金属污染土壤接种丛枝菌根真菌对蚕豆毒性的影响

采用盆栽实验的方法,研究了重金属(包括Cu、Zn、Pb和Cd)复合污染和接种丛枝菌根真菌(arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi,AMF)Glomus mosseae对蚕豆(Vicia faba)生长及DNA损伤的影响.结果表明,虽然接种菌根真菌对蚕豆生物量的影响并不显著,但是却显著影响植物对重金属的吸收,接种菌根真菌对蚕豆吸收4种重金属元素的作用有差异.采用单细胞凝胶电泳(single cell gel electrophoresis,SCGE)法研究接种菌根真菌对蚕豆叶片的DNA损伤的影响,与重金属吸收的结果相吻合.结果表明,接种处理可显著增加蚕豆叶片的DNA损伤程度,这与接种处理可提高植物的重金属吸收相一致.     

垃圾焚烧飞灰熔融过程中重金属迁移分布规律的研究

垃圾焚烧飞灰处理中重金属污染一直是倍受关注的问题。采用高温熔融法处理飞,该工艺具有二恶英去除率高、高效减容、有效固化重金属、熔渣可资源化利用等优点。目前学术界针对重金属在熔融过程中的迁移分布规律,研究了温度、碱度、添加剂、气氛、熔融时间等因素对重金属分布的影响。但关于影响程度的量化及影响机制的阐述,仍需要进一步探讨。     

酸去除剩余活性污泥重金属效果及农用安全性

污水处理厂剩余污泥中的重金属是污泥农用的潜在危害之一,因此如何有效去除污泥中的重金属以保证其农用安全性是当前迫切需要解决的问题。采集污水处理厂二沉池的活性污泥,比较不同物质的量比的盐酸和硝酸(1∶2、1∶1、2∶1)浸取污泥中重金属Pb、Zn、Cd、Cu和Mn的效果,采用Tessier连续提取方法定时检测污泥重金属相态分布,分析混合酸对污泥EPS结构和质量比的影响,并检验了处理后污泥对菠菜生长及重金属富集的影响。结果表明:1)盐酸/硝酸物质的量比为2∶1时效果最佳,重金属浸出率从高到低依次为Pb、Zn、Cd、Mn、Cu;2) Pb的可交换态和碳酸盐结合态比例最高,Cu的残渣态比例最大,可交换态、碳酸盐结合态和FeMn氧化物结合态比例越大,重金属的浸出率越高;3)酸浸试验期间EPS总量减少,黏液层和LB-EPS层易脱落;最后盆栽试验表明处理后污泥中重金属的潜在迁移性风险大大减弱,且污泥对菠菜生长有明显的促进作用。因此混合酸处理后污泥可以安全用于农业种植,且污泥与土壤干重比为1∶1时效果最佳。     

喷雾干燥法在垃圾焚烧尾气净化中的应用

以枣庄市资源电厂为例,介绍了喷雾干燥法在垃圾焚烧尾气净化中的应用。     

青衣江雅安地区流域段重金属污染调查与防治对策

本文对青衣江雅安地区流域段,水体中重金属:Pb,Zn,Cu,Hg,Cd,As的污染状况进行了调查。初步得出:Pb,Zn,Cu,Hg对水体,特别是底泥污染比较明显,此与该区域内近年来铅、锌、铜矿开采、洗选、冶炼业的兴起有关,为此提出了相应的防治对策。     

TRACE METALS IN SEDIMENT: SPATIAL TRENDS AND SORPTION PROCESSES1

ABSTRACT: Sediment bound trace metals are often examined for spatial trends such as downstream patterns or distance from a source. Spatial trends may indicate either differences in metal inputs, or, when considerable sediment variability exists, differences in sediment sorption processes. These two possibilities become important not only when sediment contamination is evaluated within an area, but also when regulatory agencies attempt to make equivalent among area decisions. Sediments from an urban watershed were examined for: (1) downstream trace metal trends and (2) sediment sorption relationships. Analyses determined that downstream trenda as related to metal inputs could not be recognized by analyzing the < 2mm (≤, sand) sediment size fraction. Conversely, the trace metal concentrations were found to be distinctly related to sediment characteristics. The watershed's metal concentrations are similar to those found in uncontaminated to slightly contaminated sediments in the United States.     

The containment of toxic wastes: I. Long term metal movement in soils over a covered metalliferous waste heap at Parc lead-zinc mine, North Wales

In order to stabilise and contain a toxic metalliferous waste heap at Parc Mine, North Wales, it was covered with 30-40 cm layer of quarry waste in 1977-1978, and sown with a grass/clover seed mixture. This study has examined subsequent metal movement in the cover material and its effect on vegetation. The results, especially when compared with previous observations, give no evidence of upward migration of metals by capillarity in the cover material. Sideways movement of leachate, however, appears to be carrying the metals into the cover material on the sloping sides, giving rise to increasing concentrations of heavy metals in the vegetation and dieback in some places. Root growth on the flat top of the heap is greater than on the slope, but the roots have not penetrated the waste and the contents of Pb, Zn and Cd in surface vegetation remain low. Surface covering of toxic waste with coarse materials restricting capillary rise is therefore a valid reclamation technique so long as lateral movement of toxic leachate can be controlled.     

橡■单宁去除水中有毒重金属离子的研究

研究了用橡单宁处理Ｐｂ２＋、Ｃｄ２＋、Ｃｒ３＋、Ｚｎ２＋、Ｍｎ２＋、Ｆｅ２＋六种重金属离子的最佳条件。结果表明，在中性或微碱性条件下，几种金属离子的最佳去除率分别可达８０６％、９２２％、８５３％、９１４％、８５０％、８６０％。探讨了橡单宁絮凝的机理。     

新农药环境化学行为研究（V）─—三氟羧草醚（Acifluorfen）在土壤和水环境中的滞留、转化

从如下几方面研究了三氟羧草醚在土壤－水环境中的化学行为：一是土壤对该药的吸附，结果表明，吸附强度与土壤理化特性密切相关，Ｆｒｅｕｎｄｌｉｃｈ常数ｋ＿ｆ＝０．９４Ｗ＿（ＯＭ）＋０．６５Ｗ＿（ＣＬＡＹ）－９．５９ｐＨ（ｒ￣２＝０．９４）；二是吸附机理研究，发现三氟羧草醚能与碱金属以外的许多金属离子形成配合物，并证实了与Ｃｕ￣（２＋）形成的双核桥联配合物的可能性；三是实验指出它在水中避光有一定的稳定性，不易水解；四是它在＜３５０ｎｍ的光辐照下，易脱羧转化，速度较快，光解产物有较好的稳定性。     

陈垃圾特性分析及其适用性评价

对深圳市盐田区垃圾场处置工程陈垃圾特性进行了分析，结果表明，场内陈垃圾已基本腐熟，相对附近农田土壤，陈垃圾中的营养物质较高，接近但尚未完全达到农用垃圾肥标准，且铅含量超标２～３ 倍，不宜进入食物链。但陈垃圾可用作市区绿化地带、公园、苗圃、林业等处的有机肥和垃圾填埋场封场工程的表层营养土