官厅水库重金属污染状况调查研究

为确保北京市饮用水源安全,2007年对官厅水库中重金属进行了筛选性调查.采用电感耦合等离子体质谱仪(ICP-MS),对官厅水库枯水期和丰水期水体中的金属元素含量进行了全面的分析.监测结果表明,水库在丰水期砷含量偏高,整体水质状况良好,重金属污染程度轻微.     

3D打印技术在固体废弃物资源循环中的应用

打印材料是限制3D打印技术发展和推广应用的瓶颈问题,目前已经发现部分固体废弃物与3D打印的契合度很高,可以用于制备3D打印材料.本文综述了4类可以用于3D打印的固体废弃物,包括硅铝基废弃物、农林废弃物、废旧塑料和废旧金属,着重讨论了这4类废弃物制备3D打印材料的方法以及废弃物的添加对原打印材料造成的影响,同时分析了当前...     

木贼定居对铅锌尾矿砂微生物多样性及重金属迁移转化的影响

为研究根际微生物影响木贼耐受和吸附重金属的机制,为重金属污染植物-微生物协同修复提供参考,应用化学分析方法和Illumina MiSeq高通量测序技术,对木贼定居对铅锌尾矿重金属含量、土壤微生物多样性的影响进行研究.结果表明,子囊菌、未明确分类真菌和担子菌是铅锌尾矿地土壤的优势真菌.木贼定居导致散囊菌纲、座囊菌纲丰度下...     

酸去除剩余活性污泥重金属效果及农用安全性

污水处理厂剩余污泥中的重金属是污泥农用的潜在危害之一,因此如何有效去除污泥中的重金属以保证其农用安全性是当前迫切需要解决的问题。采集污水处理厂二沉池的活性污泥,比较不同物质的量比的盐酸和硝酸(1∶2、1∶1、2∶1)浸取污泥中重金属Pb、Zn、Cd、Cu和Mn的效果,采用Tessier连续提取方法定时检测污泥重金属相态分布,分析混合酸对污泥EPS结构和质量比的影响,并检验了处理后污泥对菠菜生长及重金属富集的影响。结果表明:1)盐酸/硝酸物质的量比为2∶1时效果最佳,重金属浸出率从高到低依次为Pb、Zn、Cd、Mn、Cu;2) Pb的可交换态和碳酸盐结合态比例最高,Cu的残渣态比例最大,可交换态、碳酸盐结合态和FeMn氧化物结合态比例越大,重金属的浸出率越高;3)酸浸试验期间EPS总量减少,黏液层和LB-EPS层易脱落;最后盆栽试验表明处理后污泥中重金属的潜在迁移性风险大大减弱,且污泥对菠菜生长有明显的促进作用。因此混合酸处理后污泥可以安全用于农业种植,且污泥与土壤干重比为1∶1时效果最佳。     

喷雾干燥法在垃圾焚烧尾气净化中的应用

以枣庄市资源电厂为例,介绍了喷雾干燥法在垃圾焚烧尾气净化中的应用。     

青衣江雅安地区流域段重金属污染调查与防治对策

本文对青衣江雅安地区流域段,水体中重金属:Pb,Zn,Cu,Hg,Cd,As的污染状况进行了调查。初步得出:Pb,Zn,Cu,Hg对水体,特别是底泥污染比较明显,此与该区域内近年来铅、锌、铜矿开采、洗选、冶炼业的兴起有关,为此提出了相应的防治对策。     

TRACE METALS IN SEDIMENT: SPATIAL TRENDS AND SORPTION PROCESSES1

ABSTRACT: Sediment bound trace metals are often examined for spatial trends such as downstream patterns or distance from a source. Spatial trends may indicate either differences in metal inputs, or, when considerable sediment variability exists, differences in sediment sorption processes. These two possibilities become important not only when sediment contamination is evaluated within an area, but also when regulatory agencies attempt to make equivalent among area decisions. Sediments from an urban watershed were examined for: (1) downstream trace metal trends and (2) sediment sorption relationships. Analyses determined that downstream trenda as related to metal inputs could not be recognized by analyzing the < 2mm (≤, sand) sediment size fraction. Conversely, the trace metal concentrations were found to be distinctly related to sediment characteristics. The watershed's metal concentrations are similar to those found in uncontaminated to slightly contaminated sediments in the United States.     

The containment of toxic wastes: I. Long term metal movement in soils over a covered metalliferous waste heap at Parc lead-zinc mine, North Wales

In order to stabilise and contain a toxic metalliferous waste heap at Parc Mine, North Wales, it was covered with 30-40 cm layer of quarry waste in 1977-1978, and sown with a grass/clover seed mixture. This study has examined subsequent metal movement in the cover material and its effect on vegetation. The results, especially when compared with previous observations, give no evidence of upward migration of metals by capillarity in the cover material. Sideways movement of leachate, however, appears to be carrying the metals into the cover material on the sloping sides, giving rise to increasing concentrations of heavy metals in the vegetation and dieback in some places. Root growth on the flat top of the heap is greater than on the slope, but the roots have not penetrated the waste and the contents of Pb, Zn and Cd in surface vegetation remain low. Surface covering of toxic waste with coarse materials restricting capillary rise is therefore a valid reclamation technique so long as lateral movement of toxic leachate can be controlled.     

橡■单宁去除水中有毒重金属离子的研究

研究了用橡单宁处理Ｐｂ２＋、Ｃｄ２＋、Ｃｒ３＋、Ｚｎ２＋、Ｍｎ２＋、Ｆｅ２＋六种重金属离子的最佳条件。结果表明，在中性或微碱性条件下，几种金属离子的最佳去除率分别可达８０６％、９２２％、８５３％、９１４％、８５０％、８６０％。探讨了橡单宁絮凝的机理。     

新农药环境化学行为研究（V）─—三氟羧草醚（Acifluorfen）在土壤和水环境中的滞留、转化

从如下几方面研究了三氟羧草醚在土壤－水环境中的化学行为：一是土壤对该药的吸附，结果表明，吸附强度与土壤理化特性密切相关，Ｆｒｅｕｎｄｌｉｃｈ常数ｋ＿ｆ＝０．９４Ｗ＿（ＯＭ）＋０．６５Ｗ＿（ＣＬＡＹ）－９．５９ｐＨ（ｒ￣２＝０．９４）；二是吸附机理研究，发现三氟羧草醚能与碱金属以外的许多金属离子形成配合物，并证实了与Ｃｕ￣（２＋）形成的双核桥联配合物的可能性；三是实验指出它在水中避光有一定的稳定性，不易水解；四是它在＜３５０ｎｍ的光辐照下，易脱羧转化，速度较快，光解产物有较好的稳定性。