湿法脱硫浆液中石膏与汞的结合特性模拟研究

燃煤烟气湿法脱硫石膏中汞的大量富集限制了其应用范围且容易产生汞的二次逃逸问题.因此,本文对脱硫浆液中的汞在固相石膏的迁移转化规律进行了模拟研究,考察了不同操作条件和离子浓度的影响,探求汞进入石膏的量和形态的变化趋势.同时考察了温度、p H、石膏老化时间和结晶方式等对汞与石膏结合特性的影响,并对机理进行了探讨.结果表明,当液相汞浓度从0.16 mg·L-1增加到2.67 mg·L-1时,进入石膏的汞含量相应从0.38 mg·kg-1增加到4.17 mg·kg-1,但其占液相总汞的比例却呈先下降后不变的趋势.当石膏浆液浓度从1%增加到20%时,由液相进入石膏中的汞比例不断上升,但石膏汞含量却不断下降.基于实验结果推测汞与石膏结合的两种方式:石膏的内部包裹作用和石膏的表面吸附作用.另外,酸根离子浓度会改变浆液中游离汞的含量,从而影响石膏中汞的富集量:Cl-和NO-3对汞进入石膏有抑制作用,而SO2-4的存在会起到促进作用;铁、铝阳离子的存在会促进汞进入石膏,钙、镁阳离子对汞的富集基本无影响.     

基于氮掺杂碳量子点的制备及其对Hg2+的响应

以乙二胺和抗坏血酸为原料,通过一步水热法制备了水溶性的氮掺杂碳量子点(N-CQDs).研究了N-CQDs的形貌特征、光学性能和应用分析.表征结果说明,N-CQDs形态为均匀分散的球形,有明显的晶格条纹,抗光漂白性能良好,表面富有含氧官能团,具有良好的水溶性.此外发现N-CQDs还具有优良的荧光性能和荧光稳定性,量子产率可以高达12.29%.分析得出,Hg²⁺对N-CQDs在1.0—120μmol·L^-1范围内有一定的猝灭效应,可作为Hg²⁺的荧光探针,检出限达230 nmol·L^-1.     

Temporal variability in atmospheric Hg released from natural and anthropogenic sources in central Taiwan

From September 2011 to February 2012, ambient air particulate and particulate-bound mercury [Hg(p)] concentrations were measured, together with dry deposition using a cold vapor atomic fluorescence spectrometry (CVAFS) analyser, at two characteristic sampling sites in central Taiwan. Results from the sampling site at Westin Park indicated that the lowest particulate dry deposition and lowest average particulate concentrations in total suspended particles (TSP) occurred in September (29.70±7.47 μ g m^?2×min) and February (34.38±13.60 ng m^?3), respectively. Moreover, results from the Gung-Ming junior high school (airport) site, showed that the highest average particulate dry deposition and average highest particulate concentrations in TSP occurred in February (156.76±30.36 μ g m^?2×min) and January (125.49±9.51 ng m^?3), respectively, during the winter. The Dragon Steel Plant and Han-Shian Aerospace Industrial Development Corporation were both nearby. These factors led to the high Hg(p) concentrations at Taichung Airport (TA) compared with Westin Park. Local large suspended particulates from heavy traffic were the main reason for the high average Hg(p) deposition at Westin Park compared with TA in this study.     

Impact of soil quality on elemental uptake by,and distribution in,Colocasia esculenta (Amadumbe), an edible root

In this study the elemental distribution of selected essential (Ca, Mg, Al, Mn, Cu, Fe, Co, Cr, Zn, Ni and Se) and the non-essential (Pb, Hg and As) elements were determined in the bulb and peel of Amadumbe (Colocasia esculenta) samples from eight different sites in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa. The concentration of Se and As in the soil and in the Amadumbe bulbs were below the detection limit of 0.09 μg g^?1. The total and bioavailable concentrations of the elements in conjunction with pH, soil organic matter (SOM) and cation exchange capacity (CEC) were determined in the soil samples from the eight sites. Statistical analysis was done to evaluate the impact of soil quality parameters on the chemical composition of the Amadumbe root. The results show accumulation or exclusion of certain elements by the bulb as evidenced by the noticeable increase or decrease of the concentrations of elements, respectively. Ca and Mg were found to be major elements in the range (2000–12000 μg g^?1), whilst Mn, Zn, Fe and Al were found to be minor elements in the range (20–400 μg g^?1). A general trend observed was that the plant favours the absorption of Zn over Cu. A positive correlation between Mg & Ca, Cu & Fe and Co & Ni was also observed. Statistical analysis revealed that the plant tended to accumulate Mg, Ca, Co, Cr and Pb whilst it excluded Hg and Fe, to a lesser extent.     

冷原子吸收法测汞用干燥剂

试验了几种常用的干燥剂在冷原子吸收法测定水中汞时,对汞蒸气的干燥性能及对测定灵敏度的影响。结果表明,以无水氯化钙和无水高氯酸镁效果最好     

Mercury in Precipitation at an Urbanized Coastal Zone of the Baltic Sea (Poland)

Wet deposition is an important source of metals to the sea. The temporal variability of Hg concentrations in precipitation, and the impact of air masses of different origins over the Polish coastal zone were assessed. Samples of precipitation were collected (August 2008–May 2009) at an urbanized coastal station in Poland. Hg analyses were conducted using CVAFS. These were the first measurements of Hg concentration in precipitation obtained in the Polish coastal zone. Since Poland was identified as the biggest emitter of Hg to the Baltic, these data are very important. In the heating and non-heating season, Hg concentrations in precipitation were similar. Hg wet deposition flux dominated in summer, when the production of biomass in the aquatic system was able to actively adsorb Hg. Input of metal to the sea was attributed to regional and distant sources. Maritime air masses, through transformation of Hg(0), were an essential vector of mercury in precipitation.     

Hg2+、Cu2+胁迫下茶菱保护酶系统的防御作用

研究了不同ρ（Hg^2 )、ρ(Cu^2 ）对茶菱（Trapella sinenisis Olive）叶片和根部保护酶系统的影响，结果表明：随ρ（Hg^2 )、ρ(Cu^2 ）的增加，膜透性增加，根部μ（O2^-）、b（H2O2）上升，λ（SOD)、λ（POD）、λ（CAT）先升后降，Hg^2 胁迫下，叶片μ（O2^-）、b（H2O2）、λ（SOD）、λ（POD）先升后降，而λ（CAT）下降；Cu^2 胁迫下，λ（SOD）先降后升，λ（POD）逐渐下降，茶菱保护酶系统对Hg^2 的防御作用弱于Cu^2 ，叶的防御作用弱于根。     

Hg、Cd对莼菜越冬芽光合膜光化学活性及多肽组分的影响

研究了重金属Ｈｇ＾２＋、Ｃｄ＾２＋对水生植物莼菜越冬芽光合膜叶绿素含量、多肽组分及光化学特性的影响。实验结果表明，经１ｍｍｏｌ／Ｌ浓度Ｈｇ＾２＋处理后，叶片光合膜叶绿素含量、叶绿素ａ／ｂ值、室温吸收光谱、荧光发射光谱、光系统电子传递活性呈下降趋势；当Ｈｇ＾２＋处理浓度超过２ｍｍｏｌ／Ｌ时，叶片光合膜叶绿素含量及其它化光学活性显下降，光合膜多肽组分也产生降解。茎光合膜对Ｈｇ＾２＋的敏感程度比叶片低     

广州及周边地区森林土壤As、Se、Hg质量分数特征及污染评价

研究了广州及周边地区5处代表性森林土壤（鼎湖山、西樵山、华南植物园、黄埔和南昆山）As、Se、Hg质量分数特征及污染状况。结果表明,上述5地森林表层土壤As质量分数平均值分别为18.6、18.0、12.2、11.4、26.1 mg.kg-1,Se质量分数平均值分别为0.360、0.729、0.286、0.421、0.434 mg.kg-1,Hg质量分数平均值分别为0.201、0.270、0.139、0.224、0.087 mg.kg-1。除植物园土壤Se质量分数、南昆山土壤Hg质量分数较接近背景值外,5林地As、Se、Hg质量分数均超过背景值,可能存在外源As、Se、Hg输入。其中,南昆山As输入,西樵山Se、Hg输入,黄埔、鼎湖山Hg输入较明显。单因子污染指数分析结果表明在南昆山As为最严重的污染物,而在鼎湖山、植物园、西樵山和黄埔Hg为最严重的污染物。综合污染指数分析结果表明5林地土壤均受到不同程度的污染,其中西樵山土壤属重度污染,南昆山、黄埔、鼎湖山属中度污染,植物园污染较轻,属轻度污染。     

巯基改性玉米秸秆吸附Hg(Ⅱ)的热力学特征研究

采用化学反应的合成方法向玉米秸秆中引入巯基官能团,并进行电镜扫描、红外光谱和X射线电子能谱分析.在此基础上,以巯基改性玉米秸秆为吸附剂,通过批处理试验讨论了吸附时间、体系pH和温度等因素对水体中Hg(Ⅱ)吸附的影响.结果表明,采用该合成方法可以成功地向玉米秸秆中引入0.98%的巯基官能团,巯基改性玉米秸秆对水体Hg(Ⅱ)的吸附最佳pH为6,吸附能在120min内达到平衡,在285K时对Hg(Ⅱ)的最大吸附量可达80.04mg·g-1.吸附过程是自发的放热过程,可用Langmuir模型描述,其吸附机理可能为络合反应控制的化学吸附.研究表明,巯基改性玉米秸秆是一种对水体Hg(Ⅱ)具有良好吸附能力的生物吸附剂.