新型封孔材料的性能研究及封孔长度计算

研究聚氨酯硬泡材料的渗透性能和粘结性能,旨在为煤矿瓦斯抽放和煤层注水工艺提供本质安全型的封孔材料,从而提高瓦斯抽放和煤层注水的效果,做好瓦斯、煤尘灾害的预防工作。根据达西定律设计材料渗流量的测试实验,将测定的数据进行线性拟合后,得出聚氨酯硬泡材料的渗透系数为1.00546×10-6cm/s;通过材料的抗压剪切力测试,得出聚氨酯硬泡与煤的粘结强度为387.95kPa;根据封孔模拟实验结果,选择压注药液法作为封孔方法,并根据钻孔受力平衡原则,计算得出由聚氨酯硬泡作为封孔材料的封孔长度至少为0.967m。     

Extraordinarily long sperm in the socially monogamous cichlid fish <Emphasis Type="Italic">Pelvicachromis taeniatus</Emphasis>

The main function of the spermatozoon is the transfer of the male haploid genome during fertilisation. In animals in general and in fishes in particular, there is huge variation in sperm size. In fishes, sperm size ranges from 13 μm in Mugil cephlus to nearly 100 μm in the channel catfish Ictalurus punctatus. We examined intra-specific variation in sperm morphometry in the socially monogamous cichlid Pelvicachromis taeniatus using scanning electron microscopy. The mean total sperm length of nearly 70 μm was extraordinarily large for cichlids. Furthermore, within-male variation was remarkably high. To our knowledge, P. taeniatus produces the longest cichlid sperm ever documented. Several hypotheses concerning the adaptive significance of these results are presented.     

沉积物再悬浮对浮游细菌群落结构的影响

本研究通过小宇宙的模拟实验,设置3组处理,即无再悬浮的对照组(C)、强(SR)和弱(WR)2个不同再悬浮强度的处理组,采用末端限制性片段长度多态性(terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism,T-RFLP)和变性梯度凝胶电泳(denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis,DGGE)分析不同处理组中浮游细菌群落结构的变化.结果表明,再悬浮处理组浮游细菌的物种丰度高于对照组,并且弱再悬浮中浮游细菌物种丰度高于强再悬浮处理.弱再悬浮中细菌多样性也高于强再悬浮处理.浮游细菌与环境因子的典型对应分析(CCA)和冗余分析(RDA)结果表明,浮游动物枝角类(Cladocera)生物量和颗粒态磷(PP)浓度与浮游细菌群落结构动态变化均表现出显著的相关性(p0.05).由此可见,沉积物再悬浮对浅水湖泊浮游细菌的种类和多样性存在重要影响,其可能通过影响浮游动物群落结构以及水体中营养盐的形态和浓度对浮游细菌群落产生影响.     

Bacterial community succession during the enrichment of chemolithoautotrophic arsenite oxidizing bacteria at high arsenic concentrations

To generate cost-effective technologies for the removal of arsenic from water, we developed an enrichment culture of chemolithoautotrophic arsenite oxidizing bacteria (CAOs) that could effectively oxidize widely ranging concentrations of As(III) to As(V). In addition, we attempted to elucidate the enrichment process and characterize the microbial composition of the enrichment culture. A CAOs enrichment culture capable of stably oxidizing As(III) to As(V) was successfully constructed through repeated batch cultivation for more than 700 days, during which time the initial As(III) concentrations were increased in a stepwise manner from 1 to 10-12 mmol/L. As(III) oxidation activity of the enrichment culture gradually improved, and 10-12 mmol/L As(III) was almost completely oxidized within four days. Terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis showed that the dominant bacteria in the enrichment culture varied drastically during the enrichment process depending on the As(III) concentration. Isolation and characterization of bacteria in the enrichment culture revealed that the presence of multiple CAOs with various As(III) oxidation abilities enabled the culture to adapt to a wide range of As(III) concentrations. The CAOs enrichment culture constructed here may be useful for pretreatment of water from which arsenic is being removed.     

黄土高原六道沟流域8种植物根际细菌与AMF群落多样性研究

采用末端限制性片段长度多态性(terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism,T-RFLP)方法,研究了神木县六道沟流域8种植物根际细菌与丛枝菌根真菌(arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi,AMF)群落多样性及其相互关系.目的是获得有关植物根际细菌和AMF群落的多样性指数,为生态环境修复提供科学依据.结果表明,8种植物根际细菌和AMF的种类和数量有较大差异,其中刺槐根际细菌的Shannon指数最高(4.01),垂柳最低(2.18),根际AMF的Shannon指数最高为小叶杨(2.07),最低为沙棘(1.21);聚类分析(cluster analysis)和冗余分析(redundancy analysis)结果表明,不同植物根际细菌和AMF的群落结构有较大差异,但同时部分植物间也存在相似性;8种植物根际细菌和AMF的多样性指数总体呈极显著的正相关(P<0.01);冗余分析结果表明在根际土壤环境因子中,对根际微生物群落多样性影响最大的环境因子为有机质含量.植物种类和根际环境对根际微生物群落结构有较大影响,同时,刺槐的根际细菌和AMF群落多样性指数均较高,故可作为六道沟流域植被恢复的先锋树种.     

Identification of duchenne muscular dystrophy genomic probe P20 constant Taq1 fragment corresponding to the EcoRV and Msp1 polymorphisms

The majority of Duchenne and Becker muscular dystrophy cases are caused by deletions observable in Southern blots with cDNA probes for the gene. When the deletion includes polymorphic probes, they may be used to determine carrier status by deletion segregation analysis: non-inheritance of parental alleles, or heterozygosity. The polymorphic genomic probe P20 is deleted in a large percentage of probands. P20 hybridizes with two constant fragments of 6.7 and 0.8 kb in Taql digests. In a number of probands, only the larger P20 Taq1 fragment is deleted. This study demonstrates that this fragment corresponds with the polymorphic EcoRV and Mspl fragments of P20. Families in which the upper Taql fragment is deleted may be screened for carrier status using non-inheritance of parental alleles or heterozygosity of P20 in EcoRV or Mspl digests.     

基于GGE双标图和纤维长度选择的长江流域棉花区域试验环境评价

采用GGE双标图方法对2000~2010年期间27个独立的长江流域棉花品种区域试验的安庆、南阳、黄冈、荆州、武汉、襄阳、常德、岳阳、南京、南通、盐城、九江、简阳、射洪和慈溪等15个试验环境（试验点）在棉纤维长度选择上的鉴别力、代表性、理想指数和离优度指数进行了全面分析和综合评价。对各试验环境基于纤维长度选择的综合评价表明,荆州、九江、安庆和常德是最理想的试验环境,对以长江流域为目标环境的广适性新品种选育和作为区域试验环境鉴别理想新品种的效率最高,而江苏和浙江省沿海棉区的试验环境（南通、盐城和慈溪）和四川盆地棉区试验环境（简阳和射洪）不适宜作为针对长江流域的纤维长度选择与推荐环境,从而展示了GGE双标图在棉花区域试验环境评价方面的应用效果,也为长江流域国家棉花区域试验方案的决策提供理论依据