排序方式: 共有28条查询结果,搜索用时 62 毫秒
21.
Division of labor between undertaker specialists and other middle-aged workers in honey bee colonies
Stephen T. Trumbo Zhi-Yong Huang Gene E. Robinson 《Behavioral ecology and sociobiology》1997,41(3):151-163
A primary determinant of colony organization in temporally polyethic insect societies is inter-individual variation in behavior
that is independent of worker age. We examined behavioral repertoires, behavioral correlates of adult development, and spatial
distributions within the hive to explore the mechanisms that produce behavioral variation among middle-age honey bees (Apis mellifera). Individually labeled undertakers, guards, food storers, and wax workers exhibited a broad range of task-related behavior,
but bees tagged as undertakers were more likely to subsequently remove a corpse from the hive and handle a corpse compared
to other middle-aged bees. The activity level of undertakers was similar to other task groups, suggesting that undertaking
specialists were neither hyper-active “elites” nor quiescent “reserves” that become active only when a dead bee stimulus is
present. Undertakers also were more likely to remove debris and to remain in the lower region of the hive or near the entrance,
even when not engaged in corpse removal; both preferences may promote colony efficiency by reducing inter-task travel times.
Guards and undertakers were less likely to perform behavior normally associated with young bees compared to food storers and
wax workers. Undertakers and guards also initiated foraging at earlier ages than the other task groups. These results suggest
that undertakers and guards may be slightly developmentally advanced compared to food storers and wax workers. There also
was evidence for lifetime differences in behavioral preferences which could not be explained by differences in adult development.
Bees tagged as undertakers were more likely to subsequently remove a dead bee during their entire pre-foraging career compared
to other task groups or members of their general age cohort. Differences in both the rate of adult development and individual
behavioral preferences, both of which may be subject to genetic and environmental influences, are important determinants of
inter-individual variation among honey bees of middle age.
Received: 5 February 1997 / Accepted after revision: 27 May 1997 相似文献
22.
Timekeeping in the honey bee colony: integration of circadian rhythms and division of labor 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Darrell Moore Jennifer E. Angel Iain M. Cheeseman Susan E. Fahrbach Gene E. Robinson 《Behavioral ecology and sociobiology》1998,43(3):147-160
The daily patterns of task performance in honey bee colonies during behavioral development were studied to determine the
role of circadian rhythmicity in age-related division of labor. Although it is well known that foragers exhibit robust circadian
patterns of activity in both field and laboratory settings, we report that many in-hive tasks are not allocated according
to a daily rhythm but rather are performed 24 h per day. Around-the-clock activity at the colony level is accomplished through
the performance of some tasks by individual workers randomly with respect to time of day. Bees are initially arrhythmic with
respect to task performance but develop diel rhythmicity, by increasing the occurrence of inactivity at night, prior to becoming
foragers. There are genotypic differences for age at onset of rhythmicity and our results suggest that these differences are
correlated with genotypic variation in rate of behavioral development: genotypes of bees that progressed through the age polyethism
schedule faster also acquired behavioral rhythmicity at an earlier age. The ontogeny of circadian rhythmicity in honey bee
workers ensures that essential in-hive behaviors are performed around the clock but also allows the circadian clock to be
engaged before the onset of foraging.
Received: 6 October 1997 / Accepted after revision: 28 March 1998 相似文献
23.
Pollen is the sole source of protein for honey bees, most importantly used to rear young. Honey bees are adept at regulating
pollen stores in the colonies based on the needs of the colony. Mechanisms for regulation of pollen foraging in honey bee
are complex and remain controversial. In this study, we used a novel approach to test the two competing hypothesis of pollen
foraging regulation. We manipulated nurse bee biosynthesis of brood food using a protease inhibitor that interferes with midgut
protein digestion, significantly decreasing the amount of protein extractable from hypopharyngeal glands. Experimental colonies
were given equal amounts of protease inhibitor-treated and untreated pollen. Colonies receiving protease inhibitor treatment
had significantly lower hypopharyngeal gland protein content than controls. There was no significant difference in the ratio
of pollen to nonpollen foragers between the treatments. Pollen load weights were also not significantly different between
treatments. Our results supported the pollen foraging effort predictions generated from the direct independent effects of
pollen on the regulation of pollen foraging and did not support the prediction that nurse bees regulate pollen foraging through
amount of hypopharyngeal gland protein biosynthesis. 相似文献
24.
Benjamin P. Oldroyd H. Allen Sylvester Siriwat Wongsiri Thomas E. Rinderer 《Behavioral ecology and sociobiology》1994,34(1):25-30
Workers in a wild in situ colony of the dwarf honey bee, Apis florea, were observed undertaking the following behavior: liquid foraging, pollen foraging, guarding, stinging, fanning and wagging abdomen. Bees of each behavioral class were separately collected and frozen. Collections were made over a period of 10 days. Random samples of brood and workers were also collected. DNA was extracted from each bee and fingerprinted using a probe of unknown sequence obtained from an A. mellifera genomic library. Patterns of fingerprints (Fig. 1) were dissimilar among behavioral classes (Tables 1 and 2), strongly suggesting a genetic component to division of labor in this species. This result supports similar findings in A. mellifera in a species that is not troubled by many of the experimental difficulties inherent in A. mellifera.
Correspondence to: B.P. Oldroyd 相似文献
25.
The concept of a suite of foraging behaviors was introduced as a set of traits showing associative directional change as a characterization of adaptive evolution. I report how naturally selected differential sucrose response thresholds directionally affected a suite of honey bee foraging behaviors. Africanized and European honey bees were tested for their proboscis extension response thresholds to ascending sucrose concentrations, reared in common European colonies and, captured returning from their earliest observed foraging flight. Race constrained sucrose response threshold such that Africanized bees had significantly lower sucrose response thresholds. A Cox proportional hazards regression model of honey bee race and sucrose response threshold indicated that Africanized bees were 29% (P<0.01) more at risk to forage over the 30-day experimental period. Sucrose response threshold organized age of first foraging such that each unit decrease in sucrose response threshold increased risk to forage by 14.3% (P<0.0001). Africanized bees were more likely to return as pollen and water foragers than European foragers. Africanized foragers returned with nectar that was significantly less concentrated than European foragers. A comparative analysis of artificial and naturally selected populations with differential sucrose response thresholds and the common suite of directional change in foraging behaviors is discussed. A suite of foraging behaviors changed with a change in sucrose response threshold that appeared as a product of functional ecological adaptation.Communicated by R.F.A. Moritz 相似文献
26.
Determination of acaricide residues of flumethrin, tau-fluvalinate, coumaphos, and amitraz in honey and beeswax was carried out using a rapid extraction method utilizing C-18 SPE cartridges and an analytical method utilizing GC with ECD, NPD, and MSD detectors for the four acaricides. Recovery percentages from the extraction method ranged from 90–102%, while the minimum detection levels ranged from 0.01–0.05 mg/kg for the acaricides. Nine of the 21 analyzed samples were found to be contaminated with the acaricides tau-fluvalinate and coumaphos. Neither flumethrin nor amitraz was detected in any of the honey or wax samples. Coumaphos was found only in honey samples in which two samples exceeded the tolerance levels set by EPA and EC regulations. It has not been detected in beeswax. Five honey samples and eight beeswax samples were found to be contaminated with tau-fluvalinate. One of the wax samples was contaminated with a relatively high residue of tau-fluvalinate and contained above 10 mg/kg. 相似文献
27.
Graziella Amendola Patrizia Pelosi Roberto Dommarco 《Journal of environmental science and health. Part. B》2013,48(1):24-34
A fast and simple multi-residue method for the analysis of 15 organophosphorus (OP), 17 organochlorine (OC), 8 pyrethroids (PYR), 12 N-methyl-carbamate (NMC) pesticide residues and bromopropylate in honey is presented. Ready–to–use EXtrelut®NT 20 column, eluted with dichloromethane, was used to extract the pesticide residues from the aqueous-acetone honey sample, obtaining a clean extract directly analyzable. Determination was carried out by gas chromatography (GC) coupled with flame photometric detector (FPD) for OP compounds and by GC coupled with mass spectrometry detector (MSD) for OC and PYR pesticides and bromopropylate. The NMC pesticides were analysed by liquid chromatography-double derivatization coupled with spectrofluorimetric detector (LC/DD/Fl). This method allows the determination of the 53 pesticide residues at low concentrations (0.0005–0.074 mg/kg) and can be used to assess the compliance with the Maximum Residues Levels (MRLs) set by the European Union. The performance of the method was evaluated and specificity, linearity, recovery, repeatability, reproducibility, limit of quantification (LOQ) and limit of detection (LOD) were determined. A good linearity (r2? 0.99) was found in the range 0.0005–0.074 mg/kg for the majority of the compounds studied. Most of the pesticides had recoveries in the range 70–103 % and values of relative standard deviation (RSD) < 20 for repeatability and reproducibility, showing good accuracy and precision of the method. Aldicarb partially degraded in aldicarb sulphoxide during the analytical procedure, giving anomalous values. The LOQ for all pesticides investigated was from 0.0005 to 0.025 mg/kg while the LOD ranged from 0.0002 to 0.008 mg/kg. 相似文献
28.
Global information sampling in the honey bee 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Johnson BR 《Die Naturwissenschaften》2008,95(6):523-530
Central to the question of task allocation in social insects is how workers acquire information. Patrolling is a curious behavior in which bees meander over the face of the comb inspecting cells. Several authors have suggested it allows bees to collect global information, but this has never been formally evaluated. This study explores this hypothesis by answering three questions. First, do bees gather information in a consistent manner as they patrol? Second, do they move far enough to get a sense of task demand in distant areas of the nest? And third, is patrolling a commonly performed task? Focal animal observations were used to address the first two predictions, while a scan sampling study was used to address the third. The results were affirmative for each question. While patrolling, workers collected information by performing periodic clusters of cell inspections. Patrolling bees not only traveled far enough to frequently change work zone; they often visited every part of the nest. Finally, the majority of the bees in the middle-age caste were shown to move throughout the nest over the course of a few hours in a manner suggestive of patrolling. Global information collection is contrary to much current theory, which assumes that workers respond to local information only. This study thus highlights the nonmutually exclusive nature of various information collection regimes in social insects. 相似文献