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81.
The coupled fluid-structure-rupture model was developed to study the propagation and intensity of blast wave from hydrogen pipe rupture due to internal detonation. The dynamic rupture of pipe and propagation of blast wave were well coupled together in every timestep during the simulation. The numerical model was validated with experiments in terms of both typical rupture profiles and blast overpressures. Results reveal that crack branching of pipe can dramatically increase the rupture opening rate which controls the intensity and shape of the resultant blast wave. Due to the process of crack initiation and extension, the blast wave out of the pipe first forms and then is strengthened by the subsequent compression waves. This makes the maximum peak overpressure appears at a certain standoff distance above the rupture. Despite consuming some percentages of energy, the dynamic rupture of pipe generally presents positive effects (up to 2–3 times) on the blast wave intensity along the jetting direction due to the convergence effect of rupture opening on the release of internal high-pressure gas. Finally, through defining normalized overpressure and impulse based on the same hydrogen detonation in open spaces, the quantitative influences of pipe rupture on the blast wave intensity in cases of different detonation pressures and standoff distances are clarified. 相似文献
82.
Ammonium peroxydisulfate (APS), one of the most widely used inorganic peroxides in the process industries, is a thermally unstable peroxide and potent oxidizer due to the presence of peroxy bond in the molecule and is incompatible with most substances. To investigate the effect of typical additives on the thermal decomposition of APS, in this paper, diamine phosphate (DAP), monoamine phosphate (MAP), and aluminum hydroxide (AH) were selected as additives; pure APS and samples with 10 wt% and 20 wt% of additives were first tested by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The experiments and analysis showed that the samples with 10 wt% of additive had better thermal stability than those with 20 wt% of additive. After screening, the three groups of 10 wt% AH, 10 wt% MAP, and 20 wt% MAP additive conditions could be considered to have a better thermal stability effect on the thermal decomposition of APS. Four groups of samples were, in turn, tested by Phi-Tec II. The adiabatic results showed two discontinuous exothermic processes; 10 wt% AH promoted the weak exothermic effect in the first stage. In contrast, the three groups of additives in the main exothermic stage showed different degrees of inhibition, and the inhibiting effect was ranked as 10 wt% AH, 10 wt% MAP, and 20 wt% MAP in order. Finally, the self-accelerated decomposition temperature (SADT) was calculated under the 25 kg standard package. The adiabatic results, including SADT, were combined to render feasible recommendations for the use of additives, which provides references for the packaging and transportation of additives and their applications. 相似文献
83.
84.
《环境科学学报(英文版)》2023,35(7):152-160
Urea oxidation reaction (UOR) provides a method for hydrogen production besides wastewater treatment, but the current limited catalytic activity has prevented the application. Herein, we develop a novel H2O2 treatment strategy for tailoring the surface oxygen ligand of NiFe-layered double hydroxides (NiFe-LDH). The sample after H2O2 treatment (NiFeO-LDH) shows significant enhancement on UOR efficiency, with the potential of 1.37 V (RHE) to reach a current density of 10 mA/cm2. The boost is attributed to the richness adsorption O ligand on NiFeO-LDH as revealed by XPS and Raman analysis. DFT calculation indicates formation of two possible types of oxygen ligands: adsorbed oxygen on the surface and exposed from hydroxyl group, lowered the desorption energy of CO2 product, which lead to the lowered onset potential. This strategy is further extended to NiFe-LDH nano sheet on Ni foam to reach a higher current density of 440 mA/cm2 of UOR at 1.8 V (RHE). The facile surface O ligand manipulation is also expected to give chance to many other electro-catalytic oxidations. 相似文献
85.
86.
异位稳定化技术处理重金属污染土壤在国内外已有应用,但鲜有大规模工程应用时的控制关键及操作要求的报道。本研究根据异位稳定化处理技术的特点,采用该技术处理重金属复合污染且修复时间有限的目标污染场地,通过合理控制稳定剂投加量、土壤理化性质、施工工艺及养护条件等各项影响因素,取得了很好的处理效果,可为类似污染场地提供借鉴和经验。 相似文献
87.
88.
研究了高铁酸盐(Fe(VI))/过氧化钙(CaO2)联合处理对邻苯二甲酸二甲酯(DMP)的降解性能及机理,分析了共存离子的影响.基于响应面方法中的Box-Behnken实验设计进行了多因素实验,采用二次多项式和逐步回归法拟合了DMP去除率与Fe(VI)投加量、CaO2投加量和反应时间之间的关系,对实验条件进行了优化分析.结果表明,在初始pH值为中性条件下,Fe(VI)/CaO2可以有效去除DMP,降解过程符合准一级动力学模型.当Fe(VI)/CaO2/DMP物质的量比为1.1/4.4/1时,模型预测DMP最大降解率为95.57%,和验证实验得出的降解率90.14%相近,表明该响应面模型具有较好的模拟和预测能力.HCO3-和Mg2+对DMP的降解有一定抑制作用.自由基清除实验结果显示,羟基自由基(HO·)和超氧自由基(O2-·)对DMP的降解具有重要贡献,表明Fe(VI)和CaO2可形成类芬顿试剂协同降解污染物.DMP的主要降解途径包括酯基水解、侧链氧化和苯环的羟基化;主要降解产物为邻苯二甲酸单甲酯,2,5-二羟基苯甲酸,间苯二甲酸,草酸等. 相似文献
89.
The potentially explosive reaction of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and copper chloride (CuCl2) was investigated. Pressure tests revealed that the reaction was strongly temperature - dependent and can easily undergo runaway reaction. Nevertheless, there was only a slight pressure increase at the low temperatures studied or when using low concentrations of CuCl2. Under the conditions generating the slight pressure increase, hypochlorite anions (ClO−) are generated and the acidity increases. As the reaction reaches completion, ClO− disappears, and the acidity decreases. Interestingly, the addition of phosphate buffer to maintain the weakly acid conditions led to a runaway reaction, and the use of basic ClO− promoted the exothermic reaction. Based on the results, acidity has a strong impact on the reaction behaviour. 相似文献
90.
为研究管道截面对氢气/空气预混火焰形状与传播速度的影响,选用三个长度都为1m而截面尺寸不同的方形管道进行实验。实验结果表明,在截面为80mm×80mm的管道中,四种氢气浓度下预混火焰都发展形成了郁金香火焰。火焰传播速度呈现上升,下降,再上升的波动。在截面为100mm×100mm和150mm×150mm的管道中,只有在氢气浓度20%下形成郁金香火焰,并且传播速度也出现上述的波动。而在氢气浓度25%,30%,40%下,预混火焰都呈指尖形传至管口,未出现郁金香火焰,传播速度都是不断上升。三个管道对比中,截面为100mm×100mm的管道内火焰平均传播速度最快,且压力波第一峰值最大。 相似文献