机载电子元器件环境应力筛选初探

讨论了某直升机机载电子元器件在环境应力筛选过程中存在的主要问题及其解决方法。包括环境应力筛选的实施原则,筛选项目的确定,失效元器件分析情况及失效元器件的处理等问题。     

新的资源-环境勘查一体化评价观及建议

从矿产资源勘查、评价阶段开始考虑矿山环境问题,是实现绿色矿业的基石之一。本文从矿产资源勘查角度,讨论在矿产资源勘查的不同阶段(区域矿产普查、远景区勘查到矿床勘探即详查),传统资源学家所必须考虑的环境问题及地质勘探过程中所获资料在矿床(山)环境评价中的作用。作者建议:①为适应我国新时期地质工作的需要,应适时启动资源-环境一体化方面的研究,在资源评价和勘查阶段考虑环境问题,从资源评价与勘查获得的大量资料中提取环境信息,不仅可帮助解决一些与资源有关的环境问题,而且可提高地质资料的利用率;②虽然资源学家理解矿床环境有关的地质作用,具有研究矿床环境的某些优势,但我们必须即时转变观念,不断更新知识,特别是环境科学、流行病学和生物科学方面的知识,才能真正实现角色转换。     

地质勘探行业防尘措施的呼吸性粉尘控制效果评价的研究

针对地质勘探行业粉尘作业的多样性 ,以及呼吸性粉尘检测结果作为指标 ,提出了对现有不同防尘措施的呼吸性粉尘控制效果评价的几种方法 ,并进行了初步评价     

淮阴-响水断裂淮安市区段定位初探

通过分析淮安城区内钻探和浅层人工地震勘探资料 ,确定了淮阴 -响水断裂的大致位置。在此基础上 ,又做了城区断层气和地磁勘探 ,进一步确定了淮阴 -响水断裂经过市区的位置。满足了城市规划的需要 ,也为探索城区断裂勘探方法提供了有益的尝试。     

论西安次级地裂缝

根据地震勘探结果，提出了西安地裂带由一条主地裂缝和一条规模较大的次级地裂缝组成。次缝位于主缝上盘，具有北倾北降的正断裂性质，并与主缝断裂呈“丫”字型构造，在深度300～500m处的第四系内与主缝汇合。在地表，次缝与主缝之间的距离多在50～120m，其间的地面呈陷落微地貌。地震勘探剖面上的次缝与主缝之间地层比较紊乱，似乎还有更小规模的裂缝构造，构成主缝到次缝间的断裂破碎带。对次缝的成因从区域构造应力场和自重应力场两方面给予了解释，并得到了以前的模拟试验结果和次缝出露地表情况的验证。据地面调查资料，凡次缝活动发育地段，其北侧主缝的活动相对较弱，甚至地表出露不明显。     

艾比湖流域典型植物生长的水文地质条件研究

在野外实际调查资料基础上,总结了艾比湖流域典型植物胡杨、梭梭、红柳赋存的地貌位置、当前主要存在问题、适生地下水位埋深、包气带岩性与结构等水文地质条件,为流域的综合治理提供依据。     

温州市区"地基污染"灾害分析与防治对策

温州市区软土含水量高,压缩性大,90%以上的建筑物基础为桩基,由于市区旧城改造的加快,同一地块会多次施工建筑物,相应桩基的重复使用会造成"地基污染"灾害.该项人类诱发的地质灾害目前往往被人们所忽视,但从长期发展的角度考虑,却是一个重要的问题,围绕这个问题进行了思考、分析和探索,并提出了相应的防治对策.     

完善我国油气勘探资金筹措渠道的探讨

本文针对我国目前油气勘探资金贫乏、渠道单一的现象,提出了通过建立石油股票和债券市场实施公司投资,开辟地质市场和引进外资等方式来完善我国油气勘探资金的筹措渠道,以促进油气勘探业的发展。     

在地震勘探作业中实施“绿色勘探”

根据国家和中国石油天然气集团公司有关清洁发展、环境保护的要求,结合地震勘探生产作业的特点和实际情况,提出在地震勘探作业中实施绿色勘探需要开展的主要工作,以及完成这些工作所要具备的必要条件。     

Does a change of irrigation technique impact on groundwater resources? A case study in Northeastern Italy

The Venetian plain is a densely populated area and one of the most economically competitive regions in Europe. Therefore, a sustainable management of the water resources has to be accomplished to preserve both the social and economic value of this area and the regional environment in accordance with the European water policy directives. This paper presents the analysis of hydrologic and hydrogeological water balances of the high alluvial plain (approximately 790 km²) highlighting some important peculiarities that could be crucial for the local water policy. By focusing on the importance of different water budget components, the obtained results indicate in the irrigation the most relevant component of the aquifer recharge. Thus, the irrigation management policy of the Land Reclamation Consortia strongly influences aquifer recharge. Moreover, future scenarios (2071–2100) for the high Venetian plain are performed taking into account the changes of climate and irrigation policy. The inflow of the aquifer suffers a decrease ranging from 18% in the scenario influenced by climate change to 28% in the scenario affected by both the variations. In particular, the irrigation recharge shows the highest reduction due to both an increase in evaporation, owing to an increase in the surface temperature, or the irrigation methods. Therefore, the irrigation management policy adopted by the Land Reclamation Consortia is a fundamental concern. Changes from surface irrigation to spray or drip irrigation could strongly affect the aquifer recharge. The classical technique of surface irrigation is very useful in terms of aquifer recharge in comparison with drip or spray irrigation. However, it also requires a huge volume of water compared with the minimum desirable streamflow of a river and its management policy. Currently in Italy, the transition from conventional irrigation systems to water saving techniques is favored by the Land Reclamation Consortia in response to European and Italian directives. However, the possible reduction of the aquifer recharge could influence the actual social and economic condition of the Venetian plain because the human and industrial water needs are mostly dependent by groundwater exploitation. Therefore, water saving activities should be accompanied by appropriate corrective actions to reduce the environmental and social impact due to the decrease in aquifer recharge.