核探测技术在粤北下庄铀矿田找矿中的应用研究

对粤北下庄铀矿田希望矿床(330矿床)进行了土壤天然热释光、氡气和地面γ能谱三种核探测技术的测量工作,对它们在下庄花岗岩型铀矿田找矿中的应用效果进行了讨论,通过现场测量结果与地质研究成果的比较,初步总结出所测得的异常与矿体之间的空间关系。研究结果表明,这三种探测技术在花岗岩地区进行铀矿的"攻深找盲"有较佳效果。     

地下炸药震源物探作业对围隔养殖环境的影响评价

在盘锦海岸闲置虾池进行地下炸药震源物探作业对围隔养殖环境影响的模拟实验，并对围隔养殖水质、底质和生物做了影响评价。水质和沉积物监测表明，震前和震后无明显差异。文蛤死亡检验表明，震后未发现一粒文蛤死亡。电镜切片结果表明，震后2h 01号站腹足组织细胞线粒体结构出现轻微肿胀，腹足微绒毛的十二倍体结构出现增大、变形现象，震后48h 04号站腹足微绒毛的十二倍体结构出现增大、变形现象，内脏腺细胞结构完整、正常。地震影响的最大半径在44m以内。     

连续电磁剖面法在石油勘探中的应用

本文系统介绍了连续电磁剖面法的基本原理，野外数据采集，资料处理方法以及V5-2000系统的特点和性能。V5-2000系统采用卫星同步技术，确保电场和磁场同步采集，从而大大提高野外工作效率。此外，一方面，野外布极以电偶极子首尾相连的阵列形式覆盖整条剖面，密集采集多道电场，因此扩大信息量，可以较详细地反映地下介质的电性特征，另一方面，在资料处理时，采用低通滤波的方法，有效地压制了由于浅层电性不均匀给大地电磁资料带来的干扰，使解释更加可靠。准噶尔盆地、柴达木盆地、塔里木盆地的三个勘探实例说明了CEMP法已取得明显 的地质效果。     

Three-dimensional diffusion of non-sorbing species in porous sandstone: computer simulation based on X-ray microtomography using synchrotron radiation

The diffusion pathways of porous sandstone were examined by a three-dimensional (3-D) imaging technique based on X-ray computed tomography (CT) using the SPring-8 (Super Photon ring-8 GeV, Hyogo, Japan) synchrotron radiation facility. The analysis was undertaken to develop better understanding of the diffusion pathways in natural rock as a key factor in clarifying the detailed mechanism of the diffusion of radionuclides and water molecules through the pore spaces of natural barriers in underground nuclear waste disposal facilities. A cylindrical sample (diameter 4 mm, length 6 mm) of sandstone (porosity 0.14) was imaged to obtain a 3-D image set of 450(3) voxels=2.62(3) mm(3). Through cluster-labeling analysis of the 3-D image set, it was revealed that 89% of the pore space forms a single large pore-cluster responsible for macroscopic diffusive transport, while only 11% of the pore space is made up of isolated pores that are not involved in long-range diffusive transport. Computer simulations of the 3-D diffusion of non-sorbing random walkers in the largest pore cluster were performed to calculate the surface-to-volume ratio of the pore, tortuosity (diffusion coefficient in free space divided by that in porous rock). The results showed that (i) the simulated surface-to-volume ratio is about 60% of the results obtained by conventional pulsed-field-gradient proton nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) laboratory experiments and (ii) the simulated tortuosity is five to seven times larger than the results of laboratory diffusion experiments using non-sorbing I(-) and Br(-). These discrepancies are probably attributed to the intrinsic sample heterogeneity and limited spatial resolution of the CT system. The permeability was also estimated based on the NMR diffusometry theory using the results of the random walk simulations via the Kozeny-Carman equation. The estimated permeability involved an error of about 20% compared with the permeability measured by the conventional method, suggesting that the diffusometry-based NMR well logging with gradient coils is applicable to the in-situ permeability measurement of strata. The present study demonstrated that X-ray CT using synchrotron radiation is a powerful tool for obtaining 3-D pore structure images without the beam-hardening artifacts inevitable in conventional CT using X-ray tubes.     

焉耆盆地石油勘探开发低污染示范井位的研究

设计和建设低污染示范井位是敏感地区石油勘探开发重要的环保措施之一。结合焉耆盆地实际情况和油田开发的工艺特点,探讨了建立示范井位的程序和分类,根据开发生产过程可分为钻井、试油阶段的示范井位和采油生产阶段的示范井位;根据环境特点,又可分为三种类型进行建设,即农田区示范井位、湖滨区示范井位和盐碱荒地区示范井位。在建设示范井过程中,严格规范技术指标及有效性分析。通过类比调查结果表明：采油期间各种井下作业时产生的落地原油、废水等污染物基本可控制在井场范围以内,管理简单方便,实用性好,对周围环境无明显影响     

邓小平理论课教学中对人格教育的思考

本文提出邓小平人格教育在邓小平理论课教学中的重要性。主要从邓小平同志对待人生态度的修身进取精神,对革命建设实践中的探索创新精神,道德情操的无私无畏精神三方面进行论述,以此提高邓小平理论课的教学效果。     

石油天然气勘探开发环境保护立法的法律思考

文章根据石油天然气勘探开发的实际情况,对石油天然气生产、储存、集输过程中的污染防治和生态环境保护进行了深入的研究,提出了相应的法律措施和手段.     

变更管理重要性和现存问题及其对策探讨

变更管理(Management of Change,MOC)在美国OSHA标准和我国工艺安全管理(PSM)体系中均被列为一个重要要素,但是由于我国管理起步较晚和缺乏经验等原因,导致MOC管理普遍存在问题。本文论述了变更管理的概念和起源,并以事故例证方式说明MOC管理不当是造成国内外很多重大事故的原因,从而阐述了加强其管理的重要意义。以某石化企业借鉴国外先进管理经验并结合企业变更管理实际为例,重点论述变更实施过程管理、风险分析及分类审批方法,以及保障变更资料完整性和准确性3个方面问题的解决对策和方法尝试,供其它企业参考,共同降低整个社会的风险。     

青海省矿产资源综合开发利用探析

作为我国有色金属、贵金属、盐类与能源等矿产的主要蕴藏地之一的青海省,在经济发展的四大支柱——石油和天然气、盐湖矿产、有色金属矿产和水电资源产业中,有三项为矿产资源,为推进全省国民经济和社会快速发展提供了强有力的支撑,综合开发利用这些资源对全省经济社会发展具有重要意义.通过对青海省矿产资源综合开发利用的全面分析,找出存在的突出问题及其原因,提出相应的对策和建议.     

Use of Acoustic Tools to Reveal Otherwise Cryptic Responses of Forest Elephants to Oil Exploration

Abstract: Most evaluations of the effects of human activities on wild animals have focused on estimating changes in abundance and distribution of threatened species; however, ecosystem disturbances also affect aspects of animal behavior such as short‐term movement, activity budgets, and reproduction. It may take a long time for changes in behavior to manifest as changes in abundance or distribution. Therefore, it is important to have methods with which to detect short‐term behavioral responses to human activity. We used continuous acoustic and seismic monitoring to evaluate the short‐term effects of seismic prospecting for oil on forest elephants (Loxodonta cyclotis) in Gabon, Central Africa. We monitored changes in elephant abundance and activity as a function of the frequency and intensity of acoustic and seismic signals from dynamite detonation and human activity. Elephants did not flee the area being explored; the relative number of elephants increased in a seasonal pattern typical of elsewhere in the ecosystem. In the exploration area, however, they became more nocturnal. Neither the intensity nor the frequency of dynamite blasts affected the frequency of calling or the daily pattern of elephant activity. Nevertheless, the shift of activity to nocturnal hours became more pronounced as human activity neared each monitored area of forest. This change in activity pattern and its likely causes would not have been detected through standard monitoring methods, which are not sensitive to behavioral changes over short time scales (e.g., dung transects, point counts) or cover a limited area (e.g., camera traps). Simultaneous acoustic monitoring of animal communication, human, and environmental sounds allows the documentation of short‐term behavioral changes in response to human disturbance.