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51.
Simo Sarkki Jari Niemelä Rob Tinch Jukka-Pekka Jäppinen Matti Nummelin Heikki Toivonen 《Journal of Environmental Planning and Management》2016,59(8):1377-1396
The Convention on Biological Diversity's national biodiversity strategies and action plans (NBSAPs) are major mechanisms for mainstreaming biodiversity into national policies. This article examines whether and how the NBSAPs contribute to mainstreaming biodiversity across policy sectors in Finland in order to halt biodiversity loss. We have developed an innovative analytical framework where the concept of responsibility addresses how motivations for mainstreaming can be built, and the concept of social learning outcomes addresses the extent of institutional changes for biodiversity. The Finnish NBSAP processes have been able to build diverse forms of responsibility (liability, accountability, responsiveness and care) in different policy sectors by providing new knowledge, careful process design and developing institutional linkages. Despite pro-biodiversity outcomes in the targeted policy sectors, the responsibilities do not diffuse from the environmental administration to other policy sectors to a sufficient extent. Closing this ‘responsibility gap’ is a key challenge for building effective environmental policies. 相似文献
52.
Building a community that is resilient to disasters has become one of the main goals of disaster management. Communities that are more disaster resilient often experience less impact from the disaster and reduced recovery periods afterwards. This study develops a methodology for constructing a set of indicators measuring Community Disaster Resilience Index (CDRI) in terms of human, social, economic, environmental, and institutional factors. In this study, the degree of community resilience to natural disasters was measured for 229 local municipalities in Korea, followed by an examination of the relationship between the aggregated CDRI and disaster losses, using an ordinary least squares (OLS) regression method and a geographically weighted regression (GWR) method. Identifying the extent of community resilience to natural disasters would provide emergency managers and decision-makers with strategic directions for improving local communities' resilience to natural disasters while reducing the negative impacts of disasters. 相似文献
53.
采用分子生物学手段16S rDNA克隆文库方法对缺氧/好氧膜生物反应器(AO-MBR)的好氧池与缺氧池中细菌进行了多样性研究.实验结果表明,好氧池污泥样品的克隆文库包括9个类群,其中变形菌(Proteobacteria)和拟杆菌(Bacteroidetes)在文库中所占比例最大,分别为37.04%和14.81%;其次是酸杆菌(Acidobacteria)、未培养菌(uncultured bacterium)、绿菌(Chlorobi)和未培养的绿弯菌(uncultured Chloroflexi bacterium)、浮霉状菌(Planctomycetes),分别为11.11%、11.11%、7.41%、7.41%和5.56%;硝化螺旋菌(Nitrospirae)和裸藻门(Euglenozoa)所占比例相对较小,均为1.85%.缺氧池样品克隆文库包括10个类群,其中变形菌(Proteobacteria)、拟杆菌(Bacteroidetes)和未培养菌(uncultured bacterium)在文库中所占比例最大,分别为27.91%、13.95%和12.79%;其次是浮霉状菌(Planctomycetes)、酸杆菌(Acidobacteria)和绿弯菌(Chloroflexi),在文库中所占比例分别为9.3%、9.3%和9.3%;硝化螺旋菌(Nitrospirae)、裸藻门(Euglenozoa)、芽单胞菌(Gemmatimonadetes)和放线菌(Actinobacteria)所占比例相对较少,分别为6.98%、8.14%、1.16%和1.16%.两池细菌的主要类群相似,但菌属及比例有所差异,变形菌是系统中的主要脱氮菌属. 相似文献
54.
以厌氧填埋场中垃圾的降解过程为依托点,从渗滤液的水质特征和填埋气的组成两个方面筛选出判断指标,最后建立判断填埋垃圾降解阶段的指标体系.结果表明,ρ(BOD5)/ρ(COD)可以反映出渗滤液的可生化性,从而间接反映出填埋垃圾所处的降解阶段,是判断填埋垃圾降解阶段的重要定量指标. 相似文献
55.
秸秆发酵乳酸菌复合系SFC-2的构建及其组成多样性研究 总被引:7,自引:2,他引:5
为了获得促进作物干秸秆乳酸发酵的微生物,以玉米秸秆和水稻秸秆的自然发酵物为菌种来源,用MRS蔗糖培养基,通过连续定向继代培养,筛选出pH下降迅速、乳酸含量高、组成稳定的乳酸菌复合系SFC-2.DGGE分析表明,SFC-2经过连续继代培养,从第25代开始其微生物组成基本稳定.SFC-2 培养12 h后pH下降至3.8,乳酸含量达10.64 mg/mL,其中64%为L-(+) 乳酸.通过平板分离获得4株细菌,全部为Lactobacillus,其近缘种分别为L. fermentum、L. plantarum、L. paracasei和L. paracasei sub sp.;通过16S rDNA克隆文库分析获得7个克隆,其近缘种主要为L. fermentum、L. plantarum及L.paracasei;在16S rDNA的克隆文库中,76.3%为L. fermentum的近缘种,20.3%为L. plantarum的近缘种,3.4%为L. paracasei的近缘种. 相似文献
56.
57.
58.
都昌县多宝砂山物种多样性研究及保护初探 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
对鄱阳湖都昌县多宝砂山地区土地风沙化过程中物种多样性的变化特征进行了分析,依据植物种在各类型风沙化土地的出现频率与不同风沙化阶段各生活型植物种的组成,探讨了风沙化过程中植物种的绝灭与定居特点.物种多样性指数分析表明:风沙化过程是物种多样性衰减的过程,风沙化首先导致特有种的绝灭,其次为稀有种.从植物的生活型来看,多年生草本与乔木类植物受风沙化影响最大,而灌木类植物可存活于风沙化过程的各个阶段,在风沙化过程中植物种的绝灭速率大于定居速率.最后,针对造成多宝砂山生物多样性衰减的原因,提出了治理对策,即在控制人类行为干扰的同时,要加强对固定沙丘的管理与保护. 相似文献
59.
Ecological effects of crude oil residues on the functional diversity of soil microorganisms in three weed rhizospheres 总被引:2,自引:2,他引:0
Ecological effects of crude oil residues on weed rhizospheres are still vague. The quantitative and diversity changes and metabolic responses of soil-bacterial communities in common dandelion (Taraxacum officinale), jerusalem artichoke (Silphiurn perfoliatum L.) and evening primrose (A colypha australis L.) rhizospheric soils were thus examined using the method of carbon source utilization. The results indicated that there were various toxic effects of crude oil residues on the growth and reproduction of soil bacteria, but the weed rhizospheres could mitigate the toxic effects. Total heterotrophic counting colony-forming units (CFUs) in the rhizospheric soils were significantly higher than those in the non-rhizospheric soils. The culturable soil-bacterial CFUs in the jerusalem artichoke (S. perfoliatum) rhizosphere polluted with 0.50 kg/pot of crude oil residues were almost twice as much as those with 0.25 kg/pot and without the addition of crude oil residues. The addition of crude oil residues increased the difference in substrate evenness, substrate richness, and substrate diversity between non-rhizospheric and rhizospheric soils of T. officinale and A. australis, but there was no significant (p〉0.05) difference in the Shannon's diversity index between non-rhizospheric and rhizospheric soils of S. perfoliatum. The rhizospheric response of weed species to crude oil residues suggested that S. perfoliatum may be a potential weed species for the effective plant-microorganism bioremediation of contaminated soils by crude oil residues. 相似文献
60.
Mapping the Spatial Variability of Plant Diversity in a Tropical Forest: Comparison of Spatial Interpolation Methods 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
Hernandez-Stefanoni JL Ponce-Hernandez R 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2006,117(1-3):307-334
Knowledge of the spatial distribution of plant species is essential to conservation and forest managers in order to identify
high priority areas such as vulnerable species and habitats, and designate areas for reserves, refuges and other protected
areas. A reliable map of the diversity of plant species over the landscape is an invaluable tool for such purposes. In this
study, the number of species, the exponent Shannon and the reciprocal Simpson indices, calculated from 141 quadrat sites sampled
in a tropical forest were used to compare the performance of several spatial interpolation techniques used to prepare a map
of plant diversity, starting from sample (point) data over the landscape. Means of mapped classes, inverse distance functions,
kriging and co-kriging, both, applied over the entire studied landscape and also applied within vegetation classes, were the
procedures compared. Significant differences in plant diversity indices between classes demonstrated the usefulness of boundaries
between vegetation types, mapped through satellite image classification, in stratifying the variability of plant diversity
over the landscape. These mapped classes, improved the accuracy of the interpolation methods when they were used as prior
information for stratification of the area. Spatial interpolation by co-kriging performed among the poorest interpolators
due to the poor correlation between the plant diversity variables and vegetation indices computed by remote sensing and used
as covariables. This indicated that the latter are not suitable covariates of plant diversity indices. Finally, a within-class
kriging interpolator yielded the most accurate estimates of plant diversity values. This interpolator not only provided the
most accurate estimates by accounting for the indices' intra-class variability, but also provided additional useful interpretations
of the structure of spatial variability of diversity values through the interpretation of their semi-variograms. This additional
role was found very useful in aiding decisions in conservation planning. 相似文献