We assessed relationships between the extent to which farmers reported exposure to relevant information and their attitudes
towards, knowledge about, and degree of adoption of riparian management strategies. We also examined associations between
knowledge of, or receipt of, financial assistance for riparian fencing/planting and intentions for and extent of adoption
of this strategy. A mail survey of 718 pastoral farmers in Otago and Southland in New Zealand [294 surveys returned (41%)]
yielded 279 usable questionnaires. Indices were developed to reflect range and frequency of information use and range of practices
adopted. Attitudes were measured using Likert-type responses to 11 statements, and knowledge as a score on a ten-question
true/false test. Positive relationships between information and the three main response variables (attitude, knowledge, and
adoption) were weak but significant and systematic. These associations remained significant when important demographic and
farm characteristics were taken into account. Informed farmers were more likely to report intentions to carry out riparian
fencing or planting within the next year. Farmers who were aware that funding was available were also more likely to state
this intention, independent of information level. The reported extent to which waterways had been fenced to exclude stock
was related to receipt of funding, but not to information level. Financial factors were the most influential barrier preventing
adoption of permanent fencing. Our research shows a positive correlation between the receipt of information and funding and
the adoption of specific riparian management measures. 相似文献
Despite over two decades of efforts towards involving indigenous and traditional peoples in protected area management, there
are few successful examples. Several international principles and guidelines on indigenous peoples' involvement in protected
areas exist. However, because of the lack of evaluation of whether or not these principles and guidelines have been put into
practice, there is hardly any information that indicates the actual involvement of indigenous peoples in protected areas.
This paper attempts to compare efforts in partnership between indigenous peoples and protected area authority in three Asian
countries: Nepal, Thailand, and China. It shows that the involvement of indigenous peoples is more successful where park planning
is participatory and where political and socioeconomic reforms are underway. Indigenous peoples are in conflict with park
authorities where park management is centralized and nonparticipatory. Unless concrete efforts are made to address livelihood
issues of indigenous peoples living in and around protected areas, park management aimed to protect wildlife will rarely succeed.
Participatory park management that involves indigenous peoples and that addresses livelihood issues of indigenous communities
will ultimately succeed in its efforts toward wildlife conservation. 相似文献
After a century of major technicaladvance, essentially achieved by and for theindustrialized countries, the evolution of thefood sector in southern countries should nolonger be thought of in terms of a ``headlongpursuit.'' In the present context of demographicgrowth, urbanization, poverty and disparities,environmental degradation, and globalization oftrade, new priorities have emerged, and newethical questions have been raised, mainlyrelated to sustainability and equity. Thispaper analyses these ethical concerns in thefollowing terms: can the model of food sectordevelopment initiated by the industrializedcountries be applied to the entire world on asustainable and equitable basis, given theeffects of this development with regard to theenergy consumed, the changes in dietarybehavior and related nutritional problems, thenew demands in terms of food safety, thequestions of biodiversity, ownership ofknowledge, cultural identities, gender issues,and Man's relationship to food and Nature? 相似文献
/ The search for sustainable development provides the impetus forexamining the role of indigenous institutions and their ecological knowledgein environmental assessment and local sustainability. This paper attempts totrace the evolution of environmental assessment in Ghana. Focusing on theAshanti Region, the paper further discusses the nature and operations ofindigenous institutions, their ecological knowledge, beliefs, practices, andsocial norms that are relevant to environmental assessment process in thecountry. Some of the challenges that emerge from the discussions arehighlighted. There is a need to establish environmental assessment andcooperative management boards that would include representatives ofindigenous institutions. In addition, the introduction of technicaldictionaries and training manuals based on indigenous ecological knowledgeand their humane environmental practices will further improve theenvironmental assessment process in Ghana.KEY WORDS: Environmental assessment; Indigenous institutions; Indigenousecological knowledge; Sustainable development; Environmental assessmentboards 相似文献
Bangladesh, situated on the delta of the Ganges, the Brahmaputra, and the Meghna rivers, experiences two distinct types of inundations: (a) river floods resulting from excessive runoff contributed by monsoon precipitation and (b) coastal floods induced by storm surges of tropical cyclones. The river floods are normal annual events and human settlements and agricultural practices have adapted admirably well to their regimes. Abnormal floods that occur once in every few years cause serious damage to crops and properties. To minimize flood losses, a number of modern engineering projects have been constructed within Bangladesh. However, the successful solution of the problem would probably require some international collaboration for basinwide unified systems planning, since large parts of the drainage basins of Bangladesh lie beyond its borders. In the absence of such collaboration, internal resources should be utilized for the construction of smaller public projects, such aspolders, and for encouraging and reinforcing various types of indigenous adjustments to floods. There are very few successful indigenous adjustments to coastal floods. Most of the structural solutions, such as community shelters and higher embankments, are expensive public projects that are probably beyond the means of the internal resources of the country. 相似文献
This study adopts self‐ and other‐centered approaches to explain how the two facets of conscientiousness (i.e., dutifulness and achievement striving) distinctly resolve knowledge sharing dilemmas among employees. It also explores how the critical social surroundings of employees (i.e., supervisor support and coworker support) neutralize or activate the effects of dutifulness and achievement striving on knowledge‐sharing behavior. Our analysis of the data collected from 150 employee–supervisor dyads corroborates that the other‐centered facet of conscientiousness (dutifulness) is positively related to knowledge‐sharing behavior, whereas the self‐centered facet (achievement striving) is negatively related to the same behavior. The analysis also affirms that the positive effect of dutifulness and the negative effect of achievement striving on knowledge sharing are strengthened when supervisor support is low and coworker support is high. This study offers theoretical and practical implications relevant to knowledge management in organizations, distinct roles of facet‐specific personalities toward knowledge sharing, and contrasting personality–situation interactions by situation strength and trait activation in shaping employee behavior. 相似文献
Objective: This study investigates the prevalence and characteristics of first drink driving convictions among young Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander (Indigenous) Australians (aged from 14 to 24) and considers some of the risk factors associated with recidivism.
Methods: Convictions recorded between 2006 and 2013 were extracted from the Queensland Department of Justice and Attorney General database. Convictions were regrouped by gender, age, Accessibility/Remoteness Index of Australia classification, and sentence severity. Chi-square analyses and logistic regression were conducted to identify group differences in offense characteristics for gender and recidivism (recidivists versus nonrecidivists).
Results: The sample consisted of 1,583 individuals (74.1% males) convicted in the 8-year period. Gender comparisons showed that there was no significant difference in age at time of first offense, blood alcohol concentration (BAC) level at apprehension, or type of penalty received between males and females. However, males received larger fines and longer periods of license disqualification. Comparisons for reoffending and non-reoffending revealed that males, drivers aged 14–17 years of age and 18 to 20 years of age, and inner regional drivers were more likely to reoffend.
Conclusions: There were limited differences between females and males or recidivists and nonrecidivists at first conviction. Convictions for drink driving may provide an opportunity for early alcohol intervention with Indigenous young drivers (<20 years) because it is likely to be an individual's first alcohol-related conviction. 相似文献