Food web structure affects the extinction risk of species in ecological communities

This paper studies the effect of food web structure on the extinction risk of species. We examine 793 different six-species food web structures with different number, position and strength of trophic links and expose them to stochasticity in a model with Lotka–Volterra predator–prey dynamics. The characteristics of species (intrinsic rates of increase as well as intraspecific density dependence) are held constant, but the interactions with other species and characteristics of the food web are varied.     

细水雾灭火技术的研究

细水雾灭火技术主要通过汽化隔氧、冷却燃料和氧化剂以及吸收部分热辐射等效应与火相互作用,降低燃烧化学反应速率和火焰传播速率,达到控制和扑灭火灾的目的,不会产生“二次性环境污染”,可以达到火灾防治洁净化目标。为此,对细水雾抑制火灾的过程和机理进行了实验研究和数值模拟,以促进细水雾灭火技术的发展     

Interactions between engineered nanoparticles and dissolved organic matter: A review on mechanisms and environmental effects

Dissolved organic matter (DOM) is ubiquitous in the environment and has high reactivity. Once engineered nanoparticles (ENPs) are released into natural systems, interactions of DOM with ENPs may significantly affect the fate and transport of ENPs, as well as the bioavailability and toxicity of ENPs to organisms. However, because of the complexity of DOM and the shortage of useful characterization methods, large knowledge gaps exist in our understanding of the interactions between DOM and ENPs. In this article, we systematically reviewed the interactions between DOM and ENPs, discussed the effects of DOM on the environmental behavior of ENPs, and described the changes in bioavailability and toxicity of ENPs caused by DOM. Critical evaluations of published references suggest further need for assessing and predicting the influences of DOM on the transport, transformation, bioavailability, and toxicity of ENPs in the environment.     

Two-dimensional correlation spectroscopic analysis on the interaction between humic acids and aluminum coagulant

In this study, two-dimensional correlation spectroscopy integrated with synchronous fluorescence and infrared absorption spectroscopy was employed to investigate the interaction between humic acids and aluminum coagulant at slightly acidic and neutral p H. Higher fluorescence quenching was produced for fulvic-like and humic-like fractions at p H 5. At p H 5, the humic-like fractions originating from the carboxylic acid, carboxyl and polysaccharide compounds were bound to aluminum first, followed by the fulvic-like fractions originating from the carboxyl and polysaccharide compounds. This finding also demonstrated that the activated functional groups of HA were involved in forming the Al-HA complex, which was accompanied by the removal of other groups by co-precipitation.Meanwhile, at p H 7, almost no fluorescence quenching occurred, and surface complexation was observed to occur, in which the activated functional groups were absorbed on the amorphous Al(OH)3. Two-dimensional FT-IR correlation spectroscopy indicated the sequence of HA structural change during coagulation with aluminum, with IR bands affected in the order of COOH COO-NH deformation of amide Ⅱ aliphatic hydroxyl C\OH at p H 5, and COO-aliphatic hydroxyl C\OH at p H 7. This study provides a promising pathway for analysis and insight into the priority of functional groups in the interaction between organic matters and metal coagulants.     

光催化氧化/吸收工艺处理垃圾焚烧发电厂恶臭废气

我国南方某城市垃圾焚烧发电厂采用光催化氧化技术/吸收工艺联用技术对难降解恶臭气体进行高效处理,大大提高了恶臭气体的去除效率,实现了该行业废气的无害化处理,取得了良好的效果。运行结果显示,光催化氧化技术/吸收工艺联用技术能实现难降解恶臭气体的高效处理,排放废气可达到《恶臭污染物排放标准》(GB14554-93)中的二级标准。     

北疆低肥力膜下滴灌棉田水肥耦合效应研究

在新疆北疆低肥力地区,以膜下滴灌棉花为对象,设置了水肥双因子的大田试验,研究了水肥配合对作物产量、养分吸收、养分及水分利用效率以及对土壤有效氮、磷的影响。研究表明,在旱薄地上,水肥皆有增产效果,在2种肥料中,氮肥效果更显著,作物产量随氮肥增加而显著增加,而FA效果大小则和氮肥配合、灌水量有密切关系。灌水、施肥之间有明显...     

定电位电解传感器的特点与应用

概述定电位电解传感器的结构和原理,在实践的基础上介绍传感器的基本性能,结合其特点,提出应用中要注意的问题。     

水环境中有机污染物与溶解性有机质相互作用研究

溶解性有机质(DOM)是水环境中重要的有机组分,主要通过氢键、范德华力、疏水作用等多种作用吸附结合有机污染物,影响有机污染物的迁移转化等环境行为,同时DOM对水环境中有机污染物的吸附作用还受DOM和有机污染物的性质等诸多因素的影响。     

Social Network Analysis of Multi-level Linkages: A Swedish Case Study on Northern Forest-Based Sectors

Forest use in Northern Sweden is being influenced both by global trends and local situations. This results in interactions between numerous groups that may impact local forest governance. Social network analysis can here provide insight into the total pattern of positive, negative, and cross-level interactions within user group community structure (within and among groups). This study analyses interactions within selected renewable resource sectors in two northern Swedish municipalities, both with regard to whether they are positive, neutral, or negative, as well as with regard to how local actors relate to actors across levels, e.g., with regional, national, and international actors. The study illustrates that many interactions both within and outside a given sector are seen as neutral or positive, and that considerable interaction and impact are defined as national and in some cases even international. It also indicates that the impact of Sweden’s only existing Model Forest may to some extent constitute a bridge between different sectors and levels, in comparison with the interactions between sectors in a municipality where such a cooperation mechanism does not exist.     

EFFECTS OF SELENIUM AND MERCURY ON THE ENZYMATIC ACTIVITIES AND LIPID PEROXIDATION IN BRAIN,LIVER, AND BLOOD OF RATS

Recent studies have reported on the toxicity and related oxidative stress of selenium and mercury. The present study compares the effects of Se as sodium selenite (Na₂SeO₃) and Hg as mercuric chloride (HgCl₂) separately and in combination. Rats received repeated oral doses of Se (0.5 μmol/ml), Hg (0.5 μmol/ml), or Se in combination with Hg (0.5 μmol/ml of each) for 5 consecutive days. Rat serum, brain and liver samples were collected for biochemical assays. The following biochemical alterations occurred in response to Hg treatment: protein content (brain and liver), acetylcholinesterase (AChE) (brain and serum), acid and alkaline (AcP and AlP) phosphatases (plasma and liver) and glutathione S-transferase (GST) (plasma and liver) activities were significantly (P<0.05) decreased, while lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) (plasma, brain and liver), aspartate and alanine aminotransferase (AST, ALT) (serum and liver) activities were significantly increased. Thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) was significantly increased in brain and liver. Effect of Se alone included decreased AcP, AlP and GST (serum and liver) activities. However, LDH (serum, brain and liver) and AST (liver) and TBARS (brain and liver) increased. Selenium in combination with Hg partially or totally alleviated the toxic effects of Hg on different studied enzymes. It is concluded that Se could be able to antagonize the toxic effects of mercury.