北京东南郊大气TSP中多环芳烃浓度特征与影响因素

对2005-03～2006-01北京市东南郊3个采样点大气总悬浮颗粒物（TSP）样品进行分析,总结了研究区内TSP以及TSP中16种PAHs的浓度特征和季节变化规律.研究区内16种PAHs浓度总和的范围在0.29～1?184.48 ng/m³之间,均值为239.44 ng/m³;分别用气象参数（温度、风速、气压、相对湿度）和大气API指数（二氧化硫、二氧化氮、PM₁₀）与PAHs浓度进行了偏相关分析,结果表明温度和SO₂的API指数与PAHs浓度相关显著,应用逐步回归方法得到PAHs对气象参数和大气API指数的回归方程,分别为∑16PAHs=572.56-23.18t和∑16PAHs=5.99 SO₂,可以利用温度和SO₂的API指数对PAHs浓度进行估算.     

黄海春夏季降水中常量离子化学特征分析

采集黄海千里岩岛春、夏季(2002年3月至8月)降水样品20个,测定了H 、F-、Cl-、NO 3、SO2-4、K 、Na 、Ca2 、Mg2 、NH 4,并对常量阴、阳离子的含量及组成特征进行了分析与探讨.应用相关性分析及典型相关分析方法分别对降水中常量阴、阳离子及常量阴、阳离子整体间关系进行分析;结果显示,常量阴、阳离子整体间具有较强相关性;因子分析结果显示,各常量离子化学特征可基本确定为两个因子,F因子(FA1)及Na-Cl因子(FA2),在主因子FA1-FA2空间,绝大多数样本点聚类,部分结果水平远离平均水平,样本点异常可归为两类,分别受F因子(FA1)及Na-Cl因子(FA2)影响.     

Sensitivity of key factors and uncertainties in health risk assessment of benzene pollutant

Predicting long-term potential human health risks from contaminants in the multimedia environment requires the use of models. However,there is uncertainty associated with these predictions of many parameters which can be represented by ranges or probability distributions rather than single value.Based on a case study with information from an actual site contaminated with benzene,this study describes the application of MMSOILS model to predict health risk and distributions of those predictions generated using Monte Carlo techniques.A sensitivity analysis was performed to evaluate which of the random variables are most important in producing the predicted distributions of health risks.The sensitivity analysis shows that the predicted distributions can be accurately reproduced using a small subset of the random variables.The practical implication of this analysis is the ability to distinguish between important versus unimportant random variables in terms of their sensitivity to selected endpoints.This directly translates into a reduction in data collection and modeling effort.It was demonstrated that how correlation coefficient could be used to evaluate contributions to overall uncertainty from each parameter.The integrated uncertainty analysis shows that although drinking groundwater risk is similar with inhalation air risk,uncertainties of total risk come dominantly from drinking groundwater route.Most percent of the variance of total risk comes from four random variables.     

Environmental investigation of bio-modification of steel slag through microbially induced carbonate precipitation

Steel slag (SS) is one of byproduct of steel manufacture industry. The environmental concerns of SS may limit their re-use in different applications. The goal of this study was to investigate the leaching behavior of metals from SS before and after treated by microbially induced carbonate precipitation (MICP). Toxicity characteristic leaching procedure, synthetic precipitation leaching procedure and water leaching tests were performed to evaluate the leaching behavior of major elements (Fe, Mg and Ca) and trace elements (Ba, Cu and Mn) in three scenarios. The concentrations of leaching metals increased with the content of SS. After it reached the peak concentration, the leaching concentration decreased with the content of SS. The leachability of all elements concerned in this study was below 0.5%. The carbonate generated from the MICP process contributed to the low leachability of metals. After bio-modified by MICP process, the leaching concentrations of Ba from TCLP, SPLP and WLT tests were below 2.0 mg/L, which was the limit in drinking water regulated by U.S. EPA. The concentrations of Cu leached out from MICP-treated SS-sand samples were below 1.3 mg/L which is the limit regulated by national secondary drinking water. Compared with the regulations of U.S.EPA and Mississippi Department of Environment Quality (MDEQ), MICP-treated samples were classified as non-hazardous materials with respects to the leaching of metals. Meanwhile, maximum contaminant limits regulated by U.S.EPA states that MICP-treated SS are eco-friendly materials that can be reused as construction materials.     

基于空间计量模型的四川省大气污染特征及影响因素分析

四川省细颗粒物污染问题越来越受到重视,为有效识别四川省大气污染空间分布情况及影响因素,利用2015—2020年PM_2.5监测数据,综合分析了四川省大气污染时空分布特征,选取同期气象要素观测数据和社会经济数据,区分出全省及省内不同经济区大气污染的主要影响因素。结果表明:2015—2020年四川省的PM_2.5浓度逐年下降,日变化存在明显的双峰双谷趋势,且具有明显季节性特征,空间分布上具有明显的空间聚集现象;PM_2.5的排放与人口密度、经济水平和气温呈显著正相关,与城市绿化、风速呈显著负相关。该研究为经济增长方式优化、产业结构调整、绿化水平改善等提供了政策建议,可为污染防治、优化人居环境提供参考。     

DPIV图象的诊断方法研究

数字粒子图象测速技术已在国内外各个实验方向得到广泛的重视和应用,但应用的关键就在于它的诊断方法。本文介绍了ＤＰＩＶ图象诊断方法中最常用的互相关法。并发展了传统互相关算法,然后对互相关法进行平移和旋转的标定,以确定其可行性和可靠性。最后应用于重力作用下水射流的实验。     

癌症与土壤环境中Sn元素的关系

利用土壤环境资料中关于锡元素的32335个数据,癌死亡调查资料787080例,研究了胃癌、食管癌、肝癌、宫颈癌、肺癌、大肠癌、白血病、鼻咽癌、乳腺病死亡率与人鲜生活区土壤环境中锡元素的关系,结果表明。食管癌死亡率与生活区土壤中锡元素质量分数的相关性显著,肝癌、宫颈癌、鼻咽癌死亡率与生活区土壤中锻元素质量分数的相关性极显著,而胃癌、肺癌、大肠癌、白血病、乳腺癌死亡率与生活区土壤中锡元素质量分数的相共性下显著。     

炼焦过程中单环芳烃排放及源特征

通过不锈钢采样罐采样和液氮预浓缩/气相色谱/质谱系统分析,研究我国山西某地的土法炼焦和机械炼焦生产过程中单环芳烃(MAHs)的排放情况.炼焦过程MAHs以苯、甲苯、(间+对)-二甲苯为主要成分,苯和总MAHs浓度在土法炼焦烟气中最高达3421.0μg/m3和4865.9μg/m³,在机械炼焦无组织排放气体和烟气中分别为548.7μg/m³、1054.8μg/m³和1376.4μg/m³、1819.4μg/m³.焦炭生产过程中MAHs浓度变化显著:土法炼焦过程MAHs前期释放浓度高于后期;机械炼焦无组织排放MAHs在装煤和出焦时明显升高;而机械炼焦烟气中则是装煤时最高,出焦时最低.苯、甲苯、乙苯和二甲苯(BTEX)散点图和相关性分析显示机械炼焦释放MAHs主要来自煤的高温分解,而土法炼焦中MAHs释放则可能除焦煤不完全燃烧释放外还受别的因素影响.苯/甲苯/乙苯/二甲苯比值(B/T/E/X)特别是苯/乙苯(B/E)值显示炼焦释放的MAHs具有不同于其它来源的特征.     

北京市机动车驾驶员“抢行”行为及影响因素分析

机动车驾驶员的"抢行"行为是我国交通事故的主要原因之一。为探索北京市机动车驾驶员的"抢行"行为特征及其影响因素,编制"抢行"行为量表,修订态度和驾驶技术量表,通过在线网站调查收集了486个有效回答。进而分析了个人信息变量对"抢行"行为、态度以及驾驶技术的影响。方差分析的结果表明,男性、年轻、未婚驾驶员报告了更多的"抢行"行为。相关性分析的结果表明反对违规(文中"违规"特指违反交通法规定的行为)的驾驶员"抢行"行为更少,赞成违规的驾驶员更容易采取"抢行"行为,赞成"车让人"的驾驶员往往采取避让行人的行为。     

中国交通事故与太阳黑子周期关系浅析

近年来,随着经济和交通运输业的发展,交通事故也越来越多。交通事故固然与人类的活动密切相关,但同时也受到太阳活动的影响。根据1955-2008年50多年间的太阳黑子数和中国交通事故的有关资料,用动态变化和相关系数r比较等方法对二者之间的关系进行了分析研究。结果表明:中国交通事故的发生及死亡人数与太阳黑子活动的11年周期和22年周期之间存在明显的相关关系。