Navigating uneven terrain: The roles of political skill and LMX differentiation in prediction of work relationship quality and work outcomes

Drawing from social/political influence, leader–member exchange (LMX), and social comparison theories, the present two‐study investigation examines three levels of LMX differentiation (i.e., individual‐level, meso‐level, and group‐level LMX differentiation) and further tests a model of the joint effects of political skill and LMX differentiation on LMX, relative LMX, and employee work outcomes. In Study 1, we used data from 231 employees and found support for the interactive effect of political skill and individual perceptions of LMX differentiation on LMX quality. We also found partial support for the moderating role of individual‐level LMX differentiation on the indirect effects of political skill on self‐rated task performance and job satisfaction via LMX. In Study 2, we used data from 185 supervisor–subordinate dyads and examined both meso‐level and group‐level LMX differentiation via a multilevel moderated mediation model. Results supported the moderating role of group‐level LMX differentiation and group mean LMX on the indirect effects of political skill on supervisor‐rated task performance and contextual performance/citizenship behavior as well as job satisfaction via relative LMX. Overall, the results suggest that politically skilled employees reap the benefits of LMX differentiation, as they enjoy higher absolute LMX and relative (i.e., to their peers) LMX quality. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

水中氯离子的测定方法及其研究进展

离子是水体中常见的阴离子之一,其含量的测定是水质监测的一项重要指标.其浓度过高会使水质变差、危害身体健康、妨碍植物生长、腐蚀管道和设备.随着环境及环保法规要求的日益严格,水中氯离子的测定也越来越受到重视.综述了近年来水中氯离子的测定方法,主要包括滴定法、离子色谱法、分光光度法、电位滴定法、浊度法.介绍了上述方法的测定原理、特点、应用,并对各种方法进行了对比分析.     

水基溶液起泡性能评价方法比较研究

泡沫液的发泡比和半衰期是表征起泡剂特性的基本物理量.选用十二烷基硫酸钠为典型的表面活性剂,测量了不同质量分数溶液的表面张力,得到试验条件下的临界胶束浓度(CMC)为0.25％,采用改进的Ross-Mile法、搅拌法和测压力法,在相同的环境下对同一溶液进行发泡试验,其中测压力法可以得到表征重力排液和扩散排液过程等泡沫破灭过程的定量数据.结果表明,发泡比因起泡方法的不同而有较大差异,在相同质量分数下,测压力法的起泡量最大而搅拌法的起泡量最小,3种方法所产生的发泡体积随质量分数的变化趋势一致,当表面活性剂质量分数≥0.25％ (CMC)时,搅拌法、Ross-Mile法和测压力法的发泡体积比为1:1.25:1.36.3种方法所产生泡沫的半衰期随表面活性剂质量分数增加而增大,达到最大值后缓慢减小,有相似的变化趋势,测压力法、Ross-Mile法和搅拌法的半衰期之比约为1:3:6,分析了3种方法所产生泡沫的发泡比和半衰期差异的原因.     

国内外冶金行业安全标准对比研究与分析

本文重点介绍了《国内外冶金行业安全标准对比研究》项目开展的基本情况,阐述了我国与欧美国家冶金行业安全标准体系和相关专业安全标准条款的对比内容,分析了我国冶金行业安全标准同欧美发达国家之间存在的差距与不足,有针对性地提出了我国冶金行业安全标准实现与国际发达国家接轨的对策措施和工作方向。     

不同模式预测公路交通噪声的区别研究

文章在详细介绍常见公路交通噪声预测模式区别的同时,进行了不同公路项目的设定,对高速公路、一级公路、二级公路、三级公路、四级公路项目分别采用了上述预测模式进行预测,通过不同预测模式下不同公路项目交通噪声的对比、分析,得出"对于一般公路项目,适合在对车速、车型比等参数进行合理校核的基础上,采用HJ/T 2.4-2009中推荐模式进行预测;其它项目,适合通过类比同类项目的交通噪声影响的方法进行预测"的结论。由于本文采用的模式均为行业内认可的模式,其预测结果及表现特点有助于准确地反映和预测公路交通噪声。     

防灾减灾系统工程的国际对比分析及建议

针对我国现存的灾害状况,本文通过国际对比的方法,对其他国家已有的减灾系统工程作了简单介绍,并结合我国实际,对未来建立减灾系统工程中应着重加强的薄弱环节作了分析,提出了加强立法工作,增加减灾投入,建立全国统一的减灾通讯系统的建议。     

江西省与周边省主要污染物排放比较及对策

对江西省2001～2002年的主要污染物排放状况以及周边安徽、湖北、湖南、福建、浙江5省份的主要污染物排放状况进行了比较分析,并有针对性地提出了相关对策,为江西经济发展和加速在中部地区崛起提供科学决策依据。     

小湾水电站边坡卸荷作用及裂隙成因研究

应用3D-Sigma软件对小湾河谷的右岸边坡进行了河谷自然下切、河谷一次下切和河谷不下切3种情况下的三维有限元弹塑性模拟,获得了3种模拟方案下的应力及变形结果,并进行了对比.认为下切过程对类似小湾库区河谷的边坡内应力、变形和坡体稳定性都有一定的影响,并从应力和变形角度解释了山体内裂隙的形成原因.     

不同抗震设计的砖混结构校舍抗震性能对比

砖混结构在我国中小学校舍中所占的比例较高,在近几年发生的地震中,其震害十分明显。以中原地区某县中小学校舍鉴定汇总结果为基础,取某砖混结构教学楼为例,分未考虑抗震设计、考虑抗震设计和未考虑抗震设计但进行了抗震加固改造三种工况,以PKPM软件对其进行抗震性能对比分析,并以此方法对该县中小学砖混结构校舍进行抗震性能计算及对比分析。结果表明,校舍中考虑抗震设计的工况比其它工况的抗震性能高,该地区2000年前的校舍需改造加固。     

Examining the interpersonal process and consequence of leader–member exchange comparison: The role of procedural justice climate

Individuals are always sensitive to their relative standing in interpersonal comparison processes of leader–member exchanges (LMXs) in teams. Little research, however, has investigated whether coworkers with a higher LMX influence the emotional and behavioral reactions of individuals with a lower LMX in different dyads. Drawing on social comparison theory and the symbolic model of procedural justice (PJ) climate, we conducted 2 independent studies—an experimental study focusing on the self‐perceived upward LMX comparison (i.e., an individual perceives that a coworker's LMX is higher than the LMX that he or she has with the supervisor; N = 203; Study 1: American working adults) and a field survey study focusing on the other‐perceived downward LMX comparison (i.e., a coworker perceives that his or her own LMX is higher than the LMX that the individual has with the supervisor; N = 177; Study 2: Chinese software engineers). Results from these studies consistently revealed that a coworker's higher LMX elicits an individual's hostile emotions when the PJ climate is low but that this relationship is buffered when the PJ climate is high. Results of both studies also showed that the coworker's higher LMX arouses the individual to direct harmful behavior toward that coworker (via the individual's feelings of hostility) when the PJ climate is low but not when it is high.