十六烷基三甲基季铵盐-乙硫醇铵盐复合改性膨润土吸附性能研究

用十六烷基三甲基季铵盐(HDTMA)和乙硫醇铵盐(AET)双阳离子同时复合改性内蒙钙基膨润土(NMB),制得新型吸附材料HDTMA-AET-NMB.利用X射线衍射(XRD)、热分析(TG-DTA)、红外光谱(FT-IR)及N2-BET等测定发现,复合改性膨润土的表面性质和层间结构已发生显著改变.对重金属离子Cd2+和对硝基苯酚(PNP)的吸附研究表明,HDTMA-AET-NMB能协同吸附混合水溶液中的目标污染物,对水中重金属离子的吸附机理是膨润土层间的AET与被吸附的Cd2+形成了稳定的配合物;对水中对硝基苯酚的吸附源于其在长碳链疏水介质中的分配.复合改性膨润土可望应用于重金属-有机物混合废水的处理.     

Selective sorption of perfluorooctane sulfonate on molecularly imprinted polymer adsorbents

Perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS), as a potential persistent organic pollutant, has been widely detected in water environments, and has become a great concern in recent years. PFOS is very stable and difficult to decompose using conventional techniques. Sorption may be an attractive method to remove it from water. In this study, the molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP) adsorbents were prepared through the polymerization of 4-vinylpyridine under different preparation conditions in order to remove perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) from water. The MIP adsorbents using perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) as the template had good imprinting effects and could selectively remove PFOS from aqueous solution. The sorption behaviors including sorption kinetics, isotherms, and effect of pH, salt, and competitive anions were investigated. Experimental results showed that the sorption of PFOS on the MIP adsorbents was very fast, pH-dependent, and highly selective. The achieved fast sorption equilibrium within 1 h was attributed to the surface sorption on the fine adsorbents. The sorption isotherms showed that the sorption selectivity of PFOS on the MIP adsorbents decreased at high PFOS concentrations, which may be due to the double-layer sorption and the formation of PFOS micelles on the sorbent surface. The sorption of PFOS on the MIP adsorbents was mainly dominated by the electrostatic interaction between the protonated vinylpyridine on the adsorbent surface and the anionic PFOS. The prepared MIP adsorbents can potentially be applied in water and wastewater treatment for selective removal of PFOS.     

植物角质层的蜡质组分对甲萘酚的吸附作用

采用批量平衡法,比较研究了苹果角质结合蜡质、分离蜡质和重建蜡质对极性有机污染物甲萘酚的吸附作用,并探讨了不同负载量的重建蜡质的吸附性能,以期为准确预测有机污染物在不同状态蜡质组分上的吸附行为提供依据.结果表明,甲萘酚在苹果角质层、脱蜡角质层、分离蜡质(IW)、重建蜡质(BW)上的等温吸附线呈非线性,符合Freundlich方程.植物蜡质对甲萘酚的吸附作用与蜡质所处状态密切相关,吸附能力(Koc)大小顺序为:重建蜡质(321.2) > 分离蜡质(190.4) > 角质结合蜡质(128.4),表明植物角质层进入土壤后发生演化过程中,其中不易降解的蜡质的吸附能力逐渐增大.重建蜡质(BW)的吸附系数(Kd)与甲萘酚的浓度呈负相关,与蜡质的负载量呈正有关.在低浓度时,甲萘酚的有机碳标化吸附系数Koc值随有机碳含量(foc)增大先增大后减小,存在一些强的特殊作用;而高浓度时, Koc-基本为一常数,不随蜡质负载量而变化,主要吸附机理为分配作用.角质结合蜡质(CW)对角质层的总吸附作用的贡献较小,但随甲萘酚平衡浓度的增大而逐渐增大,并于高浓度时, CW的吸附能力与IW相当.     

Enhanced and irreversible sorption of pesticide pyrimethanil by soil amended with biochars

Biochar derived from partial combustion of vegetation is ubiquitous and potentially effective in sequestration of environmental contaminants.Biochars were prepared by burning of red gum(Eucalyptus spp.) woodchips at 450 and 850°C(labeled as BC450 and BC850).These two biochars were found to possess markedly different properties in terms of surface area and porosity.Short-term equilibration tests(24 hr) were conducted to assess the sorption-desorption behavior of pyrimethanil in the soil amended with various amounts of biochar of each type,with a special focus on the desorption behavior of the sorbed pesticide through four times successive desorption by dilution.Sorption coefficient and isotherm nonlinearity of the amended soils progressively increased with the content of biochar in the soil.Biochar BC850 with higher surface area and microporosity showed a stronger effect on the reversibility of sorption pesticide.The soils amended with 5% BC450 and 1% BC850 had nearly the same sorption capacity for pyrimethanil;however,their desorption processes were very different with 13.65% and 1.49% of the sorbed pesticide being released,respectively.This study suggested that biochar in soil could be an important factor for immobilization of a pesticide and thus affecting its environment fate in soil.     

壳聚糖吸附酸性大红及Cu2+对吸附的增强作用

采用壳聚糖去除水中酸性大红,对壳聚糖吸附酸性大红的动力学、热力学以及溶液pH、盐浓度、外来Cu2+对吸附的影响进行了研究.准二级吸附动力模型、Langmuir、Freundlich及Dubinin-Radushkevich (D-R)方程分别用来对吸附动力学和等温线进行分析.结果表明,酸性大红在壳聚糖上的吸附是一个化学吸附控制的准二级动力学过程.Langmuir、Freundlich和D-R方程都能较好地描述吸附等温线.溶液pH和温度对吸附有较大影响,而氯化钠浓度对吸附的影响较小.对吸附热力函数的计算结果显示ΔH0<0,表明吸附是一个放热过程.由D-R方程计算的吸附自由能E为9.5~10.7 kJ.mol-1,表明吸附过程为离子交换化学吸附.Cu2+对吸附的影响结果显示Cu2+能显著提高壳聚糖对酸性大红的吸附容量,另外建立了Cu2+浓度与吸附量增加之间的数学模型.     

pH值和离子强度对针铁矿吸附磺胺二甲基嘧啶的影响机制

磺胺二甲基嘧啶作为普遍使用的抗生素代表,可通过动物粪便施肥及药物不规范使用进入到环境中.针铁矿是土壤中分布广泛且活性较高的一种矿物,会对磺胺二甲基嘧啶的环境行为产生一定的影响.为了正确评估磺胺二甲基嘧啶的环境风险,本文考察了溶液pH值、离子强度对针铁矿吸附磺胺二甲基嘧啶的影响.结果表明:磺胺二甲基嘧啶在针铁矿上的吸附具有明显的非线性,且吸附具有明显的滞后现象,吸附等温线可以用Freundlich模型较好的拟合(R~2=0.991);磺胺二甲基嘧啶在针铁矿上的吸附随着pH值的增加先增加后减小,随着离子强度的增加开始有微弱的增加然后保持不变;在酸性和中性条件下,表面络合作用是主导磺胺二甲基嘧啶在针铁矿表面上吸附的主要机制,在碱性条件下静电斥力是主导吸附的主要作用力.因此,在评估抗生素的环境行为时,应该考虑不同的环境条件对针铁矿吸附磺胺二甲基嘧啶的影响.     

泥沙对双酚A的吸附及其影响因素研究

以黄河泥沙为例,用SPE HPLC MS MS的方法分析了双酚A在泥沙上的吸附规律及其影响因素.结果表明,由于黄河泥沙碳酸盐含量较高,双酚A的等温吸附规律不能用线性吸附方程和Freundlich吸附方程来描述;去除泥沙中碳酸盐后,泥沙对双酚A的吸附量增加,且其吸附规律可用线性吸附方程和Freundlich吸附方程来描述.泥沙总有机质含量和可溶态有机质含量都会影响双酚A的吸附,沉积物和悬浮物对双酚A的吸附量分别与其可溶态有机质含量负相关;由于价态不同,钙离子和钾离子对双酚A的吸附影响规律相反,随着钙离子浓度的增加双酚A吸附量亦增加,而随着钾离子浓度的增加双酚A吸附量却减少.     

Incorporating sorption/desorption of organic pollutants into river water quality model

Preliminary research was conducted about how to incorporate sorption/desorption of organic pollutants with suspended solids and sediments into single-chemical and one-dimensional water quality model of Jinghang Canal.Sedimentation-resuspension coefficient k3 was deduced; characteristics of organic pollutants, concentrations and components of suspended solids/sediments and hydrological and hydraulic conditions were integrated into k3 and further into river water quality model; impact of sorption/desorption of organic pollutants with suspended solids and sediments on prediction function of the model was discussed. Results demonstrated that this impact is pronounced for organic pollutants with relatively large Koc and Kow, especially when they are also conservative and foc of riversuspended solids/sediments is high, and that incorporation of sorption/ desorption of organic pollutants into river water quality model can improve its prediction accuracy.     

Kinetics study of aqueous sorption of phenanthrene to humic acids and sediments

IntroductionThesorptionofhydrophobicorganiccontaminants(HOCs)onnaturalgeosorbentsplaysasignificantroleintheirtransport,degradationandultimatefateintheaquaticenvironment (Alexander,1995 ;Luthy ,1997;Weber,2 0 0 1) .Sincethelate 1970s,theorganicmatter(OM)ha…     

Thermodynamic and Diffusion Properties of Biodegradable Systems Based on Starch and Cellulose Derivatives

The interval sorption and diffusion of water vapor were studied for two systems: methylcellulose (MC)/starch and carboxymethylcellulose (CMC)/starch. The diffusion coefficient of water vapor and the Gibbs free energy of swelling of these blends in water were estimated. The Gibbs free energy of mixing starch with the cellulose derivatives was determined using the thermodynamic cycle. CMC/starch was shown to be more compatible than MC/starch. Biodegradation of these systems in the water–soil environment was measured and found to increase with the concentration of starch in its blends with cellulose derivatives.