First report of microcystin production in Microcystis smithii Komrek and Anagnostidis(Cyanobacteria) from a water bloom in Eastern China

A water bloom sample collected from Lake Dishui in Shanghai was characterized.The morphological identification showed that Micorcystis wesenbergii and Micorcystis smithii were the main component of the bloom.Five strains of M.smithii were successfully isolated.Their 16S rRNA gene sequences based phylogenetic tree showed that the five strains of M.smithii intermixed with strains of other morphospecies in Microcystis.A fragment of mcy gene encoding for microcystin synthetase was detected in one of the five M....     

Bacterial diversity and distribution in the southeast edge of the Tengger Desert and their correlation with soil enzyme activities

The nature of microbial communities and their relation to enzyme activities in desert soils is a neglected area of investigation. To address this, the bacterial diversity and distribution and soil physico-chemical factors were investigated in the soil crust, the soil beneath the crust and rhizosphere soil at the southeast edge of the Tengger Desert, using the denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis of 16S rRNA genes amplified by the polymerase chain reaction. Phylogenetic analysis of the sequenced DGGE bands revealed a great diversity of bacteria. The Proteobacteria, consisting of the α, β, and γ subdivisions, were clearly the dominant group at all depths and in rhizosphere soil. Analysis of the enzyme activities indicated that the rhizosphere soil of Caragana korshinskii exhibited the highest protease and polyphenol oxidase activities, and in the soil crust there were increased activities of catalase, urease, dehydrogenase and sucrase. The bacterial community abundance closely correlated with soil enzyme activities in different soils. The presence of Cyanobacteria correlated with significant increases in protease, catalase and sucrase in the soil crust, and increased urease in the rhizosphere soil of Artemisia ordosica. The occurrence of Acidobacteria was associated with significant increases in urease, dehydrogenase, and sucrase in the rhizosphere soil of C. korshinski. The presence of γ-Proteobacteria correlated with a significant increase in polyphenol oxidase in the rhizosphere soil of A. ordosica. The study indicated a close relationship between the soil bacterial community and soil enzymes, suggesting the necessity of further investigations into bacterial function in this desert ecosystem.     

连云港海底底泥及青海湖底泥细菌多样性研究

通过对不同盐环境连云港海底底泥和青海湖底泥样品构建细菌16S rRNA克隆文库,对2个环境样品中细菌群落的多样性、丰富度和优势度等进行了比较,并对其群落组成结构进行了分析.结果表明,连云港海底底泥文库的多样性指数Shannon diversity（H）达到3.53,青海湖底泥文库的Shannon diversity（H...     

基于16S rRNA测序技术的青藏高原河流细菌群落多样性

近年来由于气候变化和人类活动等影响,我国青藏高原生态系统面临退化风险.微生物作为河流生态系统的重要组成部分,能够反映流域的总体变化,是生态系统健康程度的指示器.为调查青藏高原河流生态系统的细菌群落多样性和组成特点,于2021年7月在青藏高原地区的黄河、长江、澜沧江、怒江、雅鲁藏布江和柴达木盆地流域进行大范围水样采集,共收集样品65个,并基于16S rRNA技术对样品中细菌进行测序分析.结果表明,共检测出的细菌群落涵盖65门1 311属,各流域α多样性指数较高,说明青藏高原河流细菌的丰富度和多样性均处于较高水平.其中,表征物种丰富度的Chao指数和OTU richness指数均与SRP/TP的值有极显著负相关关系.门水平优势类群主要有变形菌门(Proteobacteria)、拟杆菌门(Bacteroidota)、放线菌门(Actinobacteriota)和蓝细菌门(Cyanobacteria);纲水平优势类群主要有γ-变形菌纲、拟杆菌纲和α-变形菌纲;属水平优势群主要有Flavobacterium和Limnohabitans.通过主坐标分析(PCoA)和置换多因素方差分析(Adonis...     

崇明东滩夏冬季表层沉积物细菌多样性研究

以长江口崇明东滩高、中、低潮滩夏、冬两季表层沉积物中基因组DNA为模板,PCR扩增样品中细菌16S rRNA基因V3区片段,通过克隆、测序,构建相应基因文库.系统发育分析结果表明,崇明东滩高、中、低潮滩表层沉积物共包含12个主要门类的细菌:变形菌门(Proteobacteria)(α-、β-、γ-、δ-和ε-亚群)、拟杆菌门(Bacteroidetes)、放线菌门(Actinobacteria)、酸杆菌门(Acidobacteria)、绿弯菌门(Chloroflexi)、厚壁菌门(Firmicutes)、螺旋体门(Spirochaetes)、疣微菌门(Verrucomicrobia)、浮霉菌门(Planctomycetes)、绿菌门(Chlorobi)、网团菌门(Dictyoglomi)、硝化螺旋菌门(Nitrospirae),此外还存在大量未被认知的序列.中潮滩和低潮滩的优势菌为变形菌,高潮滩的优势菌为拟杆菌.DOTUR多样性分析结果表明,崇明中潮滩细菌多样性最高,低潮滩次之,高潮滩最低;夏季细菌多样性高于冬季.夏、冬两季细菌群落差异高潮滩最大,低潮滩次之,中潮滩最小.     

Effects of cotton straw amendment on soil fertility and microbial communities

Maintaining soil fertility, while controlling pollution from excessive chemical fertilizer application is important for keeping soil productivity of sustainable agriculture. Variety of straws have been used and proven to be good soil amendments for increasing soil organic matter (OM) and a range of additional soil nutrients. However, little is known about the utilization of cotton straw for soil amendment. To better understand the mechanism behind cotton straw soil amendments, investigations were performed upon cucumber seedlings, where changes to soil nutrients and microbial communities were investigated. The results revealed that the cotton straw application promoted the cucumber seedling growth by significantly increasing the soil OM, available nitrogen, available phosphorus, and available potassium. The concentration of cotton straw was positively correlated to both the number of the culturable microorganisms and also the total microbial biomass within soil. Furthermore, assessment of cotton straw application using Biolog metabolic profiling and phospholipid fatty acid analysis revealed that such application increased the microbial community metabolic activity, and markedly changed the structure of microbial community. 16S rRNA gene clone library construction and phylogenetic analysis of soil bacteria revealed γ- Proteobacteria sequences dominated the cotton straw amendment soil, comprising 27.8% of the total number of analyzed sequences, while they were less represented in control soil (13.4%). On the contrary, the Sphingobacteria (7.8%) and Verrucomicrobia (2.4%) in the cotton straw amendment soil decreased after application when compared to the control soil 15.2% and 15.2%.     

污染土壤中菲降解菌的分离鉴定及其降解能力

利用水-硅油双相系统富集培养和平板升华方法,从被多环芳烃(PAHs)污染的表层土壤中筛选分离得到10株能利用菲为唯一碳源和能源生长的菌株. 这10株菌在无机盐培养基中10 d内对初始质量浓度为50 mg/L的菲的去除率为27.6%～55.3%,其中一些菌株混合可提高或降低菲的去除率;通过形态观察、生理生化指标测定及分子生物学分析(16S rDNA)等方法对其中3株具有较高降解能力的菌株(分别定名为PE0402-5,PE0902-1和PE1501-1)进行鉴定. 这3株菌的16S rDNA序列分别与Gordonia,Mycobacterium以及Azospirillum 3个属的相似性达100%,99%和99%. 结合分离菌株的形态、生理生化特征和16S rDNA基因序列的分析结果,初步鉴定菌株PE0402-5为戈登氏菌(Gordonia sp.),PE0902-1为分枝杆菌(Mycobacterium sp.),PE1501-1为固氮螺菌(Azospirillum sp.).      

北京大气降水中细菌气溶胶的多样性研究

利用16S rRNA基因测序分类学技术,分别以北京市区2011及2012年不同月份的降水样品中细菌的基因组DNA为模板,通过克隆、测序构建基因组文库,研究了北京市大气降水中细菌的群落结构组成及多样性变化.系统发育分析结果表明,变形菌门(Proteobacteria) (α-,β-,γ-)是北京市降水样品中细菌的优势菌群(75.6%~100%),另外包括拟杆菌门(Bacteroidetes)、放线菌门(Actinobacteria)、异常球菌门(Deinococcus-Thermus)、蓝藻门(Cyanobacteria)、硝化螺菌门(Nitrospira)、厚壁菌门(Firmicutes)共7个主要门类的细菌,以及未定菌(TM7).多样性指数分析结果显示,不同的降水样品,细菌群落结构组成及多样性均存在着差异性,冬季12月份雪水样品细菌群落结构多样性明显高于其他季节的样品,细菌群落多样性(Shannon, H)特点是,冬季>秋季>夏季.     

不同时期条纹环沟藻可培养藻际细菌研究

通过梯度稀释法分离出条纹环沟藻5个生长时期的可培养藻际细菌,利用基于单菌落16S rDNA V3区序列测定对细菌进行了分子分类鉴定,与GenBank上的相似菌株序列构建了邻接系统发育树并计算遗传距离,同时对不同时期的细菌进行了定量分析.结果表明,在分离培养出的32株细菌中,有12株不同种属细菌.12株细菌分属于a-变形菌纲(Alphaproteobacteria)、g-变形菌纲(Gammaproteobacteria)、拟杆菌门(Bacteroidetes)和放线菌门(Actinobacteria)4大细菌类群,在种类和数量上均以α-变形菌纲为主,其次为g-变形菌纲和拟杆菌门.每个生长时期可培养藻际细菌的种类数为5~8种,其中稳定生长期细菌种类数较为丰富,而在迟滞期和衰亡后期细菌种类较少.从各时期的细菌总数来看,对数生长期细菌数量最低,仅为2.83×106CFU/mL;在衰亡前期细菌数量最高,达到1.72×109CFU/mL;衰亡后期虽然细菌数量有所降低,但仍达到1.37×108CFU/mL.聚类分析和多维尺度分析结果显示,衰亡前期细菌群落结构与其它时期差异较大,而藻细胞快速生长阶段的对数生长期和稳定生长期菌落结构相近.衰亡前期特异性菌株鲍氏不动杆菌(Acinetobacter baumannii)的大量出现,可能与藻类迅速进入衰亡阶段有关;而各个时期均出现的一株麦氏交替单胞菌(Alteromonas macleodii)可能对条纹环沟藻的种群竞争起作用.在条纹环沟藻不同生长时期藻际细菌的种类与数量有所差异,藻际细菌的群落结构可能对条纹环沟藻的生长、种群竞争以及赤潮的生消具有重要作用.     

Distribution and removal of antibiotic resistance genes during anaerobic sludge digestion with alkaline,thermal hydrolysis and ultrasonic pretreatments

Sludge digestion is critical to control the spread of ARGs from wastewater to soil. Fate of ARGs in three pretreatment-AD processes was investigated. UP was more efficient for ARGs removal than AP and THP in pretreatment-AD process. The total ARGs concentration showed significant correlation with 16S rRNA gene. The bacteria carrying ARGs could be mainly affiliated with Proteobacteria. Sewage sludge in the wastewater treatment plants contains considerable amount of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs). A few studies have reported that anaerobic digestion (AD) could successfully remove some ARGs from sewage sludge, but information on the fate of ARGs in sludge pretreatment-AD process is still very limited. In this study, three sludge pretreatment methods, including alkaline, thermal hydrolysis and ultrasonic pretreatments, were compared to investigate the distribution and removal of ARGs in the sludge pretreatment-AD process. Results showed that the ARGs removal efficiency of AD itself was approximately 50.77%, and if these three sludge pretreatments were applied, the total ARGs removal efficiency of the whole pretreatment-AD process could be improved up to 52.50%–75.07%. The ultrasonic pretreatment was more efficient than alkaline and thermal hydrolysis pretreatments. Although thermal hydrolysis reduced ARGs obviously, the total ARGs rebounded considerably after inoculation and were only removed slightly in the subsequent AD process. Furthermore, it was found that the total ARGs concentration significantly correlated with the amount of 16S rRNA gene during the pretreatment and AD processes, and the bacteria carrying ARGs could be mainly affiliated with Proteobacteria.