四川原煤及其废渣与制品放射性的测试分析

本文介绍了四川原煤及其废渣与制品的γ辐射剂量率、附加γ辐射人均年有效剂量量。同时,用低本底Ge(Li)多道γ能谱仪测定了原煤、矸粉与矸砖,煤渣与煤渣砖、粉煤灰及粘土砖等样品中的天然放射性核素~(238)U,~(232)Th,~(226)Ra,~(40)K的比活度。经比较和研究,找出了这些物质的放射性水平及它们彼此之间的规律。     

出舱活动过程中航天员的热舒适性分析

分析了出舱活动中航天员－ 服装系统的热平衡,阐述了影响航天员热舒适性的因素及热舒适性的评价标准,并对美国航天员舱外活动的冷应激的人体工程学问题进行了讨论。还指出了提高航天员热舒适性有待解决的几个关键问题。     

Impacts of disturbance from construction work on the densities and feeding behavior of waterbirds using the intertidal mudflats of Cardiff Bay,UK

The impact of disturbance from construction work around Cardiff Bay, south Wales, on the densities and feeding behavior of seven waterbird species was studied over an 11-year period. Construction of a barrage across the mouth of the bay has subsequently resulted in its impoundment; other major works included the construction of a bridge carrying a divided highway. Construction work disturbance significantly reduced the densities of five species—green-winged teal (Anas crecca), Eurasian oystercatcher (Haematopus ostralegus), dunlin (Calidris alpina), Eurasian curlew (Numenius arquata), and common redshank (Tringa totanus)—on adjacent intertidal mudflats, and thus the overall carrying capacity of the bay. Construction work also reduced the feeding activity of Eurasian oystercatcher, dunlin, and common redshank on these mudflats. The possible impact of the loss of birds from these mudflats upon the populations that the bay supported is discussed. Evidence from other local studies suggests that the displacement of common redshank from these mudflats did not contribute to a decline in this species.     

场地断裂活动效应的风险分析与评价——以宿迁三线船闸为例

断裂研究是区域和场地稳定性评价以及工程抗震设计中的一项重要的基础性工作。对于有断裂通过的工程场地,从断裂、场地土层和工程三者相互作用的角度出发,开展有针对性的场地断裂活动效应及地震稳定性研究,对保证工程的安全建设和可靠运行有着极为重要的现实意义。本文试以宿迁三线船闸的建设为例,对场地断裂活动效应的风险进行分析与评价。     

太阳黑子活动对武汉交通事故的影响

本文运用医学地理学、医学气象学及医学磁学等新兴交叉学科的基本原理,分析武汉市36a来机动车辆交通事故与太阳黑子相对数的相关关系。结果表明:二者之间既有11a周期的正相关变化规律,又有22a周期的负相关变化规律。并对太阳黑子活动影响交通事故发生的可能机理进行了初讨。     

森林火灾重灾时段对太阳活动,厄尔尼诺,南方涛动异常的响应

本文根据天地生相互作用原理,研究了黑龙江近40多年来森林火灾灾情年际变化规律,发现森林火灾重灾时段(年)与太阳活动谷年及其次年基本同步,与ENSO密切相关;三者是形成“重灾时段”的重大天地生原因。     

The quandary of local people—Park relations in Nepal's Royal Chitwan National Park

This paper analyzes five major causes of park-people conflicts that have occurred in Nepal's Royal Chitwan National Park. The causes include illegal transactions of forest products from the park, livestock grazing in the park, illegal hunting and fishing, crop damage, and threats to human and animal life caused by wild animals from the park. The conflicts indicate a reciprocal relationship between the park and local people. They reflect the attitudes of local people and representatives of the park authority whose priorities and objectives largely diverge. The results show that people settled adjacent to the park are heavily dependent on its resources. Even in places where some, albeit few alternative sources exist, local people continue to trespass the park boundary as these sources are inadequate to ensure the fulfillment of local people's resource needs. Illegal transactions of resources continue throughout the year; however, they are less intense during summer due to flooding caused by the Rapti River, which forms the park boundary towards the northern section where this study is conducted. The frequency of local people's visits to the park is mainly determined by their age, distance between homesteads and park, and volume of crop loss caused by wild animals. Crop damage is the function of size of landholding, distance, and frequency of crop raid. Local people claim that they have no intention of letting their livestock graze in the park; however, the dense vegetation of the park attracts livestock grazing on riverbanks just outside the open park boundary. Many head of livestock are killed by carnivores of the park. Human casualties are mainly caused by sloth bear (Melursus ursinus), tiger (Panthera tigris), wild pig (Sug scrofa), and rhinoceros (Rhinoceros unicornis). There had been some earlier attempts to reconcile the conflicts by offering local people different kinds of compensations; however, these were unsuccessful measures. An integrated approach is essential if efforts to resolve the park-people conflicts are to succeed. The government is in the process of launching a project that aims to resolve the inherent problems with such an approach. Suggestions are made to incorporate some key elements, such as maintaining effective communication between various parties and the potential for wildlife conservation among local people.     

1994年世界重要地震灾情与地震活动特征

１９９４年世界重要灾害地震３２条（其中中国４条），因地震死亡者２４００人（中国５人），受伤１５５００人（中国１１４９人），其中最严重的５次地震造成约３２０亿美元的经济损失。全球６级以上地震１３４次（其中７级以上地震１５次），地震多发生于环太洋地震带，尤以西太平洋地区地震活动性较高，并有增强的趋势。     

某矿村庄下煤柱开采方案研究

为了充分开采村庄下的煤炭资源和缓解矿区采掘接替紧张的矛盾以及延长矿井服务年限,同时又能最大限度地减小地下开采对地表建筑物损害。结合某矿特定的地质采矿条件,根据岩层与地表移动机理,对该矿区地表移动变形的影响因素和工作面推进速度与地表变形的关系进行了分析,得出了该矿13264工作面最佳的推进速度为3.0m/d。应用村庄下压煤开采技术的理论和方法,对该矿区村庄下保护煤柱后期开采方案进行了优化分析,指出:13266工作面顺序开采并能够在较短的时间内开采停止,则顺序开采对地表建筑物的损害程度要小;13264工作面开采通过该矿区村庄以后,下一个工作面通过的时间相隔时间较长,则跳采方式对地表建筑物的损害程度要小。     

内蒙古自治区东部荒漠化成因分析

根据大量的野外实际资料，论述了内蒙古东部荒漠化的成因，指出气候条件是诱发荒漠化的主要自然因素。近50a来（1949-2000年），该地区降水量在波动中呈现减少的趋势，减幅平均达到（2％～5％）／10a，而温度总体上呈现出在波动中增高的趋势，因而造成其气候日趋干旱。同时，人口、牲畜的大量增加，严重超过了当地土地生态环境的承载能力，人类活动激发和加速了荒漠化的进程，成为荒漠化迅速发的主要原因。而区内的第四系松散堆积物则是荒漠化发生的物质基础。