Determination of alkali-labile phosphoprotein phosphorus from fish plasma using the Tb^3＋-tiron complex as a fluorescence probe

A sensitive method based on the fluorescence quenching effect of the Tb^3＋-Tiron complex is proposed for the determination of alkali-labile phosphoprotein phosphorus （ALP） released from fish plasma. The detection limit was 5.4 ng/ml （S/N=2）, and the relative standard deviation of the quenching effect （6 replicates） was 4.6%. The results obtained by the proposed method were in good agreement with those obtained by the colorimetric assay. The advantages of the present method are its relatively simple detection procedure, the lack of toxic organic solvents, and high sensitivity.     

浅析地聚合物的发展和研究动态

地聚合物是一类新型的高性能无机聚合物材料，是碱激活胶凝材料中最具前途的一类。由于其特殊的无机缩聚三维氧化物网络结构，使得地聚合物材料在众多方面具有比高分子材料、水泥、陶瓷和金属更高的高温性能和机械性能；另一方面，地聚合物材料制造过程中的能耗和三废排放量都非常低，材料对环境友好并且可以很好地被回收再年利用，是一种可持续发展的“绿色环保材料”。在比较全面地论述地聚合物材料的发展历史、生产工艺的基础上分析目前存在的问题，提出开发地聚合物材料是兼顾社会发展和减轻环境污染问题的一个较理想的对策。     

溶胶/粉末复合浸渍法制备颗粒状SCR脱硝催化剂的特性

针对以V₂O₅-WO₃/TiO₂为成分的颗粒状SCR脱硝催化剂在制备过程中存在的有效组分加载均匀性等问题,尝试了利用偏钛酸溶胶作为载体的催化剂生产方法.利用粉末/溶胶复合浸渍方式设计出4种催化剂的制备方法并分别制得样品.通过在不同温度条件下样品对烟气中NO_x成分去除效能的性能测试,以及进行相关的微观表征分析,研究比较了不同制备方式对催化剂特性的影响规律,旨在探索出一种合理、高效的催化剂制备工艺.结果表明:利用偏钛酸溶胶作为载体,同步浸渍加载WO₃和V₂O₅ 2种组分,相比传统的粉末浸渍和两步浸渍方式,该方法能够使浸渍组分在载体表面获得较高的覆盖率,并有效避免了浸渍组分溶出和重结晶现象的发生,所制得的催化剂样品具有较高的脱硝效率.      

镧、铈对厌氧颗粒污泥产甲烷的Hormesis效应及其动力学研究

间歇培养条件下研究了单一稀土元素镧(La3 )和铈(Ce3 )在不同浓度水平下对厌氧颗粒污泥活性及其动力学行为的影响.结果表明,La3 和Ce3 对厌氧颗粒污泥比产甲烷活性有促进作用的浓度范围均为0.01～0.1 mg·L-1,促进作用浓度峰值均为0.05mg·L-1,最大促进百分比分别为10.35%和20.79%;La3 和Ce3 对SMA(比甲烷活性)的半抑制浓度分别为5mg·L-1和1000mg·L-1,La3 较易对污泥产生抑制作用.米-门方程可以用来描述厌氧消化过程中甲烷发酵阶段的动力学行为,稀土元素La3 和Ce3 投加至反应系统后,提高了甲烷发酵过程的动力学常数Vmax和半饱和常数Ks.     

Treatment of 2-phenylamino-3-methyl-6-di-n-butylaminofluoran production effluent by combination of biological treatments and Fenton＇s oxidation

High strength refractory organic stream is produced during the production of 2-phenylamino-3-methyl-6-di-n-butylaminofluoran （One Dye Black 2, abbr. ODB 2）, a novel heat-sensitive material with a promising market. In this study, a combination of acidificationprecipitation, primary biological treatment, Fenton＇s oxidation and another biological treatment was successfully used for the removal of COD from 18000-25000 mg/L to below 200 mg/L from the ODB 2 production wastewater in a pilot experiment. A COD removal of 70%-80% was achieved by acidification-precipitation under a pH of 2.5-3.0. The first step biodegradafion permitted an average COD removal of 70% under an hydraulic residence time （HRT） of 30 h. By batch tests, the optimum conditions of Fenton＇s oxidation were acquired as： Fe^2＋ dose 6.0 mmol/L; H2O2 dose 3000 mg/L; and reaction time 6 h. The second step biological treatment could ensure an effluent COD below 200 mg/L under an HRT of 10 h following the Fenton＇s treatment.     

4-氯苯酚在水溶液中的光化学反应(Ⅰ)单线态氧和自由基的产生

在模拟太阳光照射下，４氯苯酚（４ＣＰ）浓度迅速降低，反应过程对应着产生大量的单线态氧和自由基．金属离子Ｆｅ２＋、Ｆｅ３＋、Ａｌ３＋能够加速这一过程，尤以Ｆｅ２＋、Ｆｅ３＋的影响更明显；在模拟太阳光照射下，向４ＣＰ体系加入的富里酸（ＦＡ），对４ＣＰ浓度降低略起抑制作用，这表明二者之间存在相互作用．但当再加入金属离子Ｆｅ２＋、Ｆｅ３＋、Ａｌ３＋后，能够加速４ＣＰ浓度降低，尤以Ｆｅ２＋、Ｆｅ３＋的影响更显著．     

氧化亚氮在森林和草原中的地-气交换

采用箱式法,建立了一套完整的测定森林草原土壤Ｎ２Ｏ排放方法,并对我国北方的自然环境中Ｎ２Ｏ排放作了观测,得出其最大排放通量为２３μｇ／（ｍ＾２·ｈ）。并发现森林草原土壤当温度低于１５℃时对Ｎ２Ｏ有吸收行为,其最大吸收通量为１８．９８４μｇ（ｍ＾２·ｈ）。     

温度对细菌碳酸酐酶催化碳酸钙沉积的影响

碳酸钙(CaCO3)沉积不仅在许多地质过程中起重要作用,而且在石刻文物和石质建筑物的修复以及环境治理等方面也有应用。CaCO3沉积过程在自然条件下极为缓慢,在CaCO3-H2O-CO2反应体系中CO2+H2OHCO3-+H+为限速步骤,可以利用生物催化剂来加速这一反应的进行。碳酸酐酶(Carbonic anhydrase,CA)是一种以锌为活性中心的金属酶,可以高效催化上述反应的进行,并在CaCO3沉积中具有显著促进作用。本文采用气体扩散体系,研究温度对典型细菌CA催化CaCO3沉积的速率及晶型晶貌的影响。结果表明,在实验温度(5～55℃)条件下,30℃时细菌CA催化沉积CaCO3的速率最快,而5℃时的沉积速率最慢,而且,温度会影响细菌CA催化形成的CaCO3晶体的大小和形貌。     

Fe2O3 particles as superior catalysts for low temperature selective catalytic reduction of NO with NH3

Fe203 particle catalysts were experimentally studied in the low temperature selective catalytic reduction （SCR） of NO with NH3. The effects of reaction temperature, oxygen concentration, [NH3]/[NO] molar ratio and residence time on SCR activity were studied. It was found that Fe203 catalysts had high activity for the SCR of NO with NH3 in a broad temperature range of 150-270℃, and more than 95% NO conversion was obtained at 180℃ when the molar ratio [NH3]/[NO] = 1, the residence time was 0.48 seconds and 02 volume fraction was 3%. In addition, the effect of SO2 on SCR catalytic activity was also investigated at the temperature of 180℃. The results showed that deactivation of the Fe2O3 particles occurred due to the presence of SO2 and the NO conversion decreased from 99.2% to 58% in 240 min, since SO2 gradually decreased the catalytic activity of the catalysts. In addition, X-ray diffraction, Thermogravimetric analysis and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy were used to characterize the fresh and deactivated Fe2O3 catalysts. The results showed that the deactivation caused by SO2 was due to the formation of metal sulfates and ammonium sulfates on the catalyst surface during the de-NO reaction, which could cause pore plugging and result in suppression of the catalytic activity.     

Investigation in the sorption mechanism and behavior of nano γ-Al2O3 for the removal of fluorine ions

研究了纳米γ-Al2O3吸附剂对氟离子的吸附行为,考查了吸附平衡时间、温度、溶液的pH等对吸附过程的影响.结果表明,在室温下,纳米γ-Al2O3对氟离子的吸附在3min基本达到平衡;在pH3～9范围内,吸附率达95%以上;吸附过程符合准二级反应动力学模型,其反应的表观活化能（Ea）为10.99kJ.mol-1;颗粒内扩散过程是吸附的主要控制步骤,而颗粒外扩散过程对吸附也有影响;吸附过程符合Langmuir、D-R等温模型,常温下,纳米γ-Al2O3对氟离子的平均吸附能为11.15kJ.mol-1.吸附反应的ΔGθ〈0,ΔHθ〉0,说明该吸附过程是自发的吸热反应.共存阴离子HCO3-和PO43-、阳离子Cu2＋对氟离子的吸附影响较大.纳米γ-Al2O3在动态和静态吸附实验中的除氟效果相近.