四种拟除虫菊酯类农药的环境雌激素活性研究

将金鱼(Carassius auratus)分别暴露于0.1mg/L甲氰菊酯、氰戊菊酯、溴氰菊酯和0.5mg/L氯氰菊酯21d后,尾静脉取血,离心分离获得血浆,利用Western-blot方法检测金鱼血浆中是否有卵黄原蛋白产生,同时测定金鱼生殖腺指数、γ-谷氨酰转移酶和乳酸脱氢酶活性.结果表明,对照组雄性金鱼血浆中未检测到卵黄原蛋白,4种拟除虫菊酯农药均能诱导雄性金鱼分泌卵黄原蛋白,而且溴氰菊酯和氯氰菊酯明显降低了雄鱼生殖腺指数,4种农药均能够明显抑制精巢γ-谷氨酰转移酶和乳酸脱氢酶活性.由此可见,4种拟除虫菊酯类农药具有潜在的环境雌激素活性和生殖毒性.     

富里酸改性FeMnNi-LDH复合材料对水中砷镉的吸附性能与机制

水体中的As(Ⅲ)和Cd(Ⅱ)重金属离子具有潜在的毒性,且能通过食物链等方式转移富集进入人体,进而威胁人体健康.选用富里酸(FA)作为铁锰镍层状双氢氧化物(FeMnNi-LDH)的修饰物,采用共沉淀法制备出能够同时吸附As(Ⅲ)和Cd(Ⅱ)阴阳离子的稳定层状复合材料(FA@FeMnNi-LDH),主要提升了其对Cd(Ⅱ)的吸附容量.利用XRD、TEM、FT-IR和XPS等技术对其结构进行表征,并探讨其对水体中As(Ⅲ)和Cd(Ⅱ)的吸附去除能力和机制.结果表明,经筛选出的具有结构稳定和最大FA负载率、且达到最优吸附性能的复合材料有层状双氢氧化物的典型特征峰.复合材料对As(Ⅲ)和Cd(Ⅱ)的吸附动力学符合准二级动力学模型,等温吸附曲线符合Langmuir模型,25℃时最大吸附量分别为249.60 mg·g^-1和156.50 mg·g^-1.该复合材料在pH为2～7和4～7范围内,分别对As(Ⅲ)和Cd(Ⅱ)有较好的吸附效果.水中共存的常见阴离子对As(Ⅲ)的竞争吸附影响大小顺序为：PO₄^3->C...     

五氯酚对HeLa细胞毒性及DNA损伤的研究

以人宫颈癌HeLa细胞为研究对象,运用MTT法检测PCP处理后HeLa细胞的增长抑制率;通过测定细胞培养液中乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)的漏出率和总超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)的活性,评价PCP的细胞毒性作用;彗星实验检测HeLa细胞经不同浓度PCP处理后的DNA损伤.结果表明,PCP对HeLa细胞的半数抑制浓度(IC50)为66.59μmol.L-1;HeLa细胞在12.5、25、50、100和200μmol.L-1 PCP染毒条件下,LDH的漏出率随着染毒时间的增加逐渐增大,具有明显的时间-效应关系,在12.25、17.5和25μmol.L-1 PCP染毒下,细胞培养液中SOD的活性随着染毒时间的增加逐渐下降,存在显著的时间-效应关系,低浓度PCP(25μmol.L-1)显著增加细胞培养液中LDH的漏出率以及PCP(12.25μmol.L-1)显著降低总SOD的活性;PCP(实验浓度为6.25、12.5、25和50μmol.L-1)不会导致HeLa细胞DNA损伤.因此SOD和LDH可作为评价低浓度PCP毒性效应的敏感性生物标志物.     

Friedel层状化合物对正磷酸根的去除效应及其作用机制

为了解Friedel化合物除磷的应用潜能,研究了Friedel化合物对正磷酸根的吸附动力学和吸附等温线,并结合反应后溶液中各离子浓度的变化和反应固相产物的XRD、红外光谱分析,探讨其除磷作用机理.结果表明:Friedel化合物对正磷酸根的吸附等温线符合Langmuir等温吸附方程,理论吸附容量为4.86mmol·g-1;Friedel化合物除磷作用机理主要为溶出钙离子的沉淀作用,同时存在氢氧化铝的固磷作用.     

磁性LDH负铜催化剂的制备及其对直接青莲D-BL的脱色

实验以滴定共沉淀法制备Mg-Al LDH晶体包覆的Fe3O4颗粒,利用LDH的层间阴离子交换性使其吸附[Cu(C2O4)2]-络合离子,通过焙烧获得磁性焙烧态LDH载体的负铜催化剂。并通过SEM、X-Ray、FT-IR等方法以及静态实验,表征及考察了材料的物化特性及其直接性偶氮染料直接青莲的脱色性能。结果表明,材料对该染料废水有较强去处能力,且磁性良好易于分离回收;其最佳制备条件为用浓度为20 g/L的K2[Cu(C2O4)2]溶液改性一次,反应结束后于450℃下焙烧5 h;上述条件下制备的材料投加量为1 g/L、H2O2浓度为6.53 g/L、处理时间2 h,对200、300和500 mg/L浓度的模拟直接青莲D-BL染料废水去除率分别为99.62%、90.43%和81.92%。     

Diazinon treatment effects on heart and skeletal muscle enzyme activities

Abstract

The effects of low levels of diazinon treatment on four marker enzymes in rat heart and skeletal muscle have been investigated. Adult male Wistar rats were treated twice a week with a dose of 0.5 ml‐kg^‐1day^‐1 diazinon for 28 weeks. Diazinon treated rats gained significantly less weight than Sham‐treated controls. Typical differences in Succinate dehydrogenase (SDH), Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), Phosphofructo kinase (PFK) and Hexokinase (HK) activities were observed between heart and skeletal muscles. Diazinon feeding had no effect on heart, soleus, gastrocnemius and plantaris SDH, LDH and PFK enzyme activities after 28 weeks. HK activity was significantly increased in sham‐control soieus and plantaris muscles after 28 weeks. Diazinon feeding inhibited HK activity in plantaris muscle after 28 weeks treatment These results demonstrate that chronic low levels of diazinon have little effect on the glycolytic and oxidative activity in heart and skeletal muscle.     

Removal efficiency of fluoride by novel Mg-Cr-Cl layered double hydroxide by batch process from water

The fluoride ion removal from aqueous solution using synthesized Mg-Cr-Cl layered double hydroxide has been reported.Mg-Cr-Cl was characterized by X-ray powder diffraction,Fourier-transform infrared,thermo-gravimetric analysis,differential thermal analysis,and scanning electron microscope.Adsorption experiments were carried out in batch mode as a function of adsorption dosages,contact time,pH,and initial fluoride concentration to get optimum adsorption capacity.The adsorption kinetic study showed that the adsorption process followed first order kinetics.The fluoride removal was 88.5% and 77.4% at pH 7 with an adsorbent dose of 0.6 g/100 mL solution and initial fluoride concentration of 10 mg/L and 100 mg/L,respectively.The equilibrium was established at 40 min.Adsorption experiment data were fitted well with Langmuir isotherm with R 2 = 0.9924.Thermodynamic constants were also measured and concluded that the adsorption process was spontaneous and endothermic in nature.The removal percentage decreased slowly with increasing pH.This process is suitable for industrial effluents.The regeneration of the material is not possible.     

润滑条件对超深冲IF钢成形性能的影响

研究了不同润滑条件下钢板FLD和LDH的变化规律。研究结果表明 :润滑影响了钢板冲压成形过程中的应变路径 ,但对FLD0 没有影响 ;润滑对LDH0 影响显著。     

Adsorption and mechanistic study of the invasive plant-derived biochar functionalized with CaAl-LDH for Eu(III) in water

Herein, we developed the invasive plant-derived biochar (IPB) functionalized with CaAl-LDH at five mass ratios using a physical mixture method, assessed their adsorption perform for Eu(III), and explored the relative mechanisms. Results show that the IPB successfully loaded CaAl-LDH in five composites and their Eu(III) sorption affinities were strongly affected by solution pH, contact time, temperature, and the mass ratio of LDH and IPB. All the sorpiton process for Eu(III) occurred on the heterogeneous surface of five composites and the boundary layer diffusion limited the chemical sorption rate. Interestingly, the CaAl-LDH/IPB composite with high ratio of IPB had higher sorption capacity than the one with high ratio of LDH due to larger porosity of the former. Three mechanisms containing ion exchange between Al and Eu ions, surface complexation with carboxyl- and oxygen-containing functional groups, and precipitation were involved in the Eu(III) sorption, but the dominant sorption mechanism for each CaAl-LDH/IPB composite differed with different mass ratio of CaAl-LDH and IPB. In composite with more IPB (e.g., CaAl-LDH/IPB-13), both ion exchange and surface complexes dominated the sorption process and the intensity of Eu³⁺ was identified with the one of Eu₂O_3. Whereas in composites with high LDH, ion exchange dominated the sorption and the intensity of Eu³⁺ was obviously higher than the one of Eu₂O₃. This research will provide a new perspective for the application of the LDH/biochar materials.     

聚酰亚胺/锌铝双氢氧化物纳米复合材料的制备和表征

在N,N-二甲基乙酰胺溶剂中,以对氨基苯甲酸（AB）修饰改性的ZnAl双氧氧化物（ZnAl LDH）,通过原位插层方法制备聚酰亚胺／ZnAl双氢氧化物纳米复合材料。采用XRD、TEM、DMA、TGA等对其结构进行表征,与纯聚酰亚胺材料相比。纳米复合材料的储能模量、损耗模量和玻璃化转变温度L、热失重等性质,都有较大的提高。