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91.
采用沉淀-SBR-活性炭过滤复合工艺对城市垃圾渗滤液进行处理,确定混凝、SBR和活性炭过滤的最佳参数。结果表明,当进水CODcr 2500mg/L、氨氮在900mg/L的条件下,经该系统处理后,出水CODcr均在300mg/L以下,氨氮在20mg/L以下。CODcr去除率达90%以上,氨氮去除率达98%以上,达到去除有机物和氨氮的较好效果。 相似文献
92.
93.
Manfred Fehr 《Environment, Development and Sustainability》2009,11(2):319-328
As biodegradable material represents approximately 70% of household waste in Brazil, any strategy to divert appreciable waste
quantities from landfills of necessity has to include valorization and recycling of this material. A societal change of attitude
is required to perceive this challenge. Experiments in an urban apartment building are described that produced this change
of attitude with a success factor of 80%. Divided waste collection was implemented that separated at the source biodegradable
from inert material. Correct collection, handling and display procedures were established. Composting of biodegradable material
was carried out under the rooftop of the building as an alternative to using it as animal feed. Half of the inert material
entered the reverse logistics chain and was also diverted from the landfill. Waste related material flow through the building
is completely quantified, food intake and waste production are related, diversion of both biodegradable and inert waste components
from the landfill is measured and the composting process is described. The landfill diversion stands at 61%, mass reduction
through the composting process is 80% and matured compost is returned to residents for use in flower cages. The system has
been operational for two years and stands out as a precedent in successful decentralized household waste management supported
by material flow analysis.
Readers should send their comments on this paper to: BhaskarNath@aol.com within 3 months of publication of this issue. 相似文献
94.
Waste legislation in the United Kingdom (UK) implements European Union (EU) Directives and Regulations. However, the term used to refer to hazardous waste generated in household or municipal situations, household hazardous waste (HHW), does not occur in UK, or EU, legislation. The EU's Hazardous Waste Directive and European Waste Catalogue are the principal legislation influencing HHW, although the waste categories described are difficult to interpret. Other legislation also have impacts on HHW definition and disposal, some of which will alter current HHW disposal practices, leading to a variety of potential consequences. This paper discusses the issues affecting the management of HHW in the UK, including the apparent absence of a HHW-specific regulatory structure. Policy and regulatory measures that influence HHW management before disposal and after disposal are considered, with particular emphasis placed on disposal to landfill. 相似文献
95.
Options for management of municipal solid waste in New York City: a preliminary comparison of health risks and policy implications 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Moy P Krishnan N Ulloa P Cohen S Brandt-Rauf PW 《Journal of environmental management》2008,87(1):73-79
Landfill disposal and waste-to-energy (WTE) incineration remain the two principal options for managing municipal solid waste (MSW). One critical determinant of the acceptability of these options is the different health risks associated with each. In this analysis relying on published data and exposure modeling, we have performed health risk assessments for landfill disposal versus WTE treatment options for the management of New York City's MSW. These are based on the realistic scenario of using a waste transfer station (WTS) in Brooklyn and then transporting the untreated MSW by truck to a landfill in Pennsylvania or using a WTE facility in Brooklyn and then transporting the resultant ash by truck to a landfill in Pennsylvania. The overall results indicate that the individual cancer risks for both options would be considered generally acceptable, although the risk from landfilling is approximately 5 times greater than from WTE treatment; the individual non-cancer health risks for both options would be considered generally unacceptable, although once again the risk from landfilling is approximately 5 times greater than from WTE treatment. If one considers only the population in Brooklyn that would be directly affected by the siting of either a WTS or a WTE facility in their immediate neighborhood, individual cancer and non-cancer health risks for both options would be considered generally acceptable, but risks for the former remain considerably higher than for the latter. These results should be considered preliminary due to several limitations of this study such as: consideration of risks only from inhalation exposures; assumption that only volume and not composition of the waste stream is altered by WTE treatment; reliance on data from the literature rather than actual measurements of the sites considered, assuming comparability of the sites. However, the results of studies such as this, in conjunction with ecological, socioeconomic and equity considerations, should prove useful to environmental managers, regulators, policy makers, community representatives and other stakeholders in making sound and acceptable decisions regarding the optimal handling of MSW. 相似文献
96.
通过分析不同填埋结构下渗滤液回灌对填埋垃圾产生的渗滤液水质的影响,进一步验证"生物反应器"的原理,为今后垃圾填埋场合理选择填埋方式及渗滤液回灌的开展提供相应参数。 相似文献
97.
A specific leachate that contained 1.036 mg l(-1) of 2-chlorobiphenyl was used in the study (255 mg l(-1) COD and 133 mg l(-1) BOD5). Bench scale (20 l) air stripping trials were used to simulate on a small-scale the treatment potential of this method. Air stripping effectively reduced the leachates COD concentration. Regardless of the volume of air supplied (1-5 l of air per minute) the leachates COD reached a <50 mg l(-1) equilibrium after 96-h exposure, however, increasing the volume of air accelerated the process. In untreated leachate, the LC50 for Asellus aquaticus was 57% v/v leachate in deionised water and 5% for Gammarus pulex (96-h, static LC50 tests without nutrition and oxygen depleting conditions). After being exposed to air stripping, these values rose from 90% to below the LC50 threshold for Asellus when 1-5 l of air per minute were applied and 30-90% for Gammarus. Furthermore, in sub-lethal concentrations of air stripped leachate (leachate that had been exposed to 5-l of air per minute for 96-h) the population dynamics of both test species remained unaltered. 相似文献
98.
Jun Yoshinaga Akiko Kida Osami Nakasugi 《Journal of Material Cycles and Waste Management》2001,3(1):60-65
Boron has been found in high concentrations in leachates from landfills located throughout Japan. However, the source(s) of
boron in the leachates, i.e., what kind of waste(s) releases this element into the leachate, has not been clarified. In this
study, boron concentrations in leachates from 48 industrial landfills were evaluated, in relation to the categories of waste
constituting the landfill in each of the sites, by multiple regression analysis. The multiple regression analyses were carried
out using the log-transformed boron concentration as a dependent variable and each of 19 categories of industrial waste (according
to the Japanese Waste Disposal and Public Cleansing Law) as independent variables. Stepwise variable selection was employed
in the analyses. Although the significant variable(s) selected varied according to the data sets analyzed (viz., data sets from least controlled landfill sites, from controlled landfill sites, and from both), cinders, slag, and waste
plastics emerged as wastes with positive partial regression coefficients that significantly explained the boron levels in
the leachates. These results indicated that cinders, slag, and waste plastics were the sources of high concentrations of boron
in the leachates. The results of the present exploratory statistical analyses warrant a systematic survey of the boron contents
of, and leachability from, cinders, slag, and waste plastics.
Received: January 17, 2000 / Accepted: July 24, 2000 相似文献
99.
The European Union Landfill Directive calls on member states to reduce the amount of biodegradable municipal solid waste disposed of to landfill. In addition, national waste strategies will require the constituent parts of the United Kingdom to achieve increased household waste recycling and recovery rates. Both these measures will require the development of the infrastructure to support national high-intensity recycling and composting schemes and the construction of at least 35 new municipal waste to energy incinerators. Before plans can be developed for meeting the targets several areas relating to municipal solid waste need to be clarified. Depending on the definition of municipal solid waste, its composition and likely future growth rates the number of incinerators required could be up to 170. 相似文献
100.
Sumayya Mauthoor Romeela Mohee Prakash Kowlesser 《Waste management (New York, N.Y.)》2014,34(10):1800-1805
This paper presents an assessment on the wastes namely slag, dust, mill scale and sludge resulting from scrap metal processing. The aim of this study is to demonstrate that there are various ways via which scrap metal processing wastes can be reused or recycled in other applications instead of simply diverting them to the landfill. These wastes are briefly described and an overview on the different areas of applications is presented. Based on the results obtained, the waste generation factor developed was 349.3 kg per ton of steel produced and it was reported that slag represents 72% of the total wastes emanating from the iron and steel industry in Mauritius. Finally the suitability of the different treatment and valorisation options in the context of Mauritius is examined. 相似文献