吸附法处理垃圾渗滤液的研究进展

综述了吸附法和吸附法耦合其他技术处理垃圾渗滤液的研究进展,针对渗滤液中有机物的去除,重点比较了各种吸附剂的吸附性能,并做了展望。     

城市地震次生火灾分析及处置对策

现代城市地震次生火灾发生概率大,扑救难度大,极易造成大量的人员伤亡以及财产损失。大量的统计数据表明,震后火灾的诱因、时空分布及消亡因素有着一定的规律性。本文在详细分析城市地震次生火灾发生的原因、火灾时空分布及危害特点的基础上,针对应急处置对策和长远处置对策等方面提出了新的观点,可供消防部队处置此类灾害时参考。     

徐州市生活垃圾填埋场地下水典型金属污染物研究

在对徐州地区生活垃圾填埋场调查分析的基础上,根据填埋特征和地质状况选取4座典型填埋场为调查对象,采用ICP-MS对垃圾渗滤液及地下水中26种重金属进行监测分析。结果表明,在4个垃圾填埋场地下水及渗滤液中ρ(Sr)均相对较高(700μg/L);地下水中金属元素均正在以Ca,Mg为主向Na,Mg为主转化;地下水中Al,B质量浓度大小顺序为Y场(雁群)S场(睢宁)C场(翠屏山)P场(邳州);4个垃圾填埋场共同典型重金属污染物为Mn,Fe,Zn,Ba;除上述污染物外,Y场地下水潜在典型重金属污染物为Pb和Mo;S场为Mo和As;C场为Tl和Co;P场为As。     

佛山五峰垃圾填埋场封场后CH4等浓度变化特征

通过对垃圾填埋场设置监测井监测，讨论了垃丧填埋场封场后在内部温度，渗滤液的ＰＨ值及Ｏ２，ＣＨ４、ＣＯ２等气体浓度在时间上与空间上的变化，认为在不同到３ａ的时间五峰垃圾填埋场内部垃圾分解的程度就已达到整个分解过程听中后期，提出在高温高湿地区要充分利用ＣＨ４资源，必须尽快直埋尽快封场或边填埋边使用。     

城市垃圾渗滤液氨氮吹脱研究

本文从相平衡与气液传质速率两方面对城市垃圾渗滤液 NH+4-N吹脱工艺的主要影响因素进行了理论分析 ,并在 Φ75 0 mm填料塔中对渗滤液的 p H值、喷淋密度以及液气比进行了实验研究 ,获得了适宜的操作条件。     

An Evaluation of Techniques to Control Problem Bird Species on Landfill Sites

Birds feeding on landfill sites cause problems in terms of nuisance to neighbors, flight safety, a threat to public health, and affecting the day to day site operation. A number of control measures exist to deter problem species; however, research into their effectiveness across sites and for multiple species has been limited. We use a modeling approach in order to assess the effectiveness of nine techniques — pyrotechnics, hand-held distress calls, static distress calls, blank ammunition, a combination of blank and lethal use of ammunition, the use of falcons, the use of hawks, wailers and helium-filled bird-scaring kites — at deterring three commonly recorded species — the Black-headed Gull (Larus ridibundus), the Herring Gull (Larus argentatus) and the Lesser Black-backed Gull (Larus fuscus) — from six landfill sites across the United Kingdom. The use of distress calls, falconry, and combinations of lethal and nonlethal use of ammunition were the most effective techniques for initially deterring birds from these sites. However, when habituation is considered, there is a clear difference between techniques such as falconry, which have a lethal aspect and may act to reinforce the deterrence, and the use of techniques such as distress calls, which do not. However there are problems related to legislation and public perception when lethal techniques are used.     

不同物质对垃圾渗滤液中腐殖酸的吸附研究

垃圾渗滤液是一种有毒有害的高浓度有机废水,其中含大量腐殖酸。腐殖酸具有离子交换能力、吸附能力和脱除杂质能力,因此在很多方面有实用价值。活性碳、土壤、堆肥对废水中的有机物有一定的吸附能力。本文采用正交设计的方法,研究了活性碳、土壤、堆肥在不同温度,液／固,腐殖酸初始浓度的条件下对垃圾渗滤液中腐殖酸的吸附效果。实验结果表明：四种实验因素对吸附剂的吸附能力的影响程度为：吸附剂类型〉腐殖酸的初始浓度〉吸附反应温度〉液固比。在温度为25℃,液固比为50／0．5（mL/g）,腐殖酸初始浓度为41．99（mg／L）,吸附剂类型为活性碳时,腐殖酸吸附量最大,为40．86mg。同时分析了响应指标随因素的变化趋势。     

Biogeochemistry at a wetland sediment–alluvial aquifer interface in a landfill leachate plume

The biogeochemistry at the interface between sediments in a seasonally ponded wetland (slough) and an alluvial aquifer contaminated with landfill leachate was investigated to evaluate factors that can effect natural attenuation of landfill leachate contaminants in areas of groundwater/surface-water interaction. The biogeochemistry at the wetland-alluvial aquifer interface differed greatly between dry and wet conditions. During dry conditions (low water table), vertically upward discharge was focused at the center of the slough from the fringe of a landfill-derived ammonium plume in the underlying aquifer, resulting in transport of relatively low concentrations of ammonium to the slough sediments with dilution and dispersion as the primary attenuation mechanism. In contrast, during wet conditions (high water table), leachate-contaminated groundwater discharged upward near the upgradient slough bank, where ammonium concentrations in the aquifer where high. Relatively high concentrations of ammonium and other leachate constituents also were transported laterally through the slough porewater to the downgradient bank in wet conditions. Concentrations of the leachate-associated constituents chloride, ammonium, non-volatile dissolved organic carbon, alkalinity, and ferrous iron more than doubled in the slough porewater on the upgradient bank during wet conditions. Chloride, non-volatile dissolved organic carbon (DOC), and bicarbonate acted conservatively during lateral transport in the aquifer and slough porewater, whereas ammonium and potassium were strongly attenuated. Nitrogen isotope variations in ammonium and the distribution of ammonium compared to other cations indicated that sorption was the primary attenuation mechanism for ammonium during lateral transport in the aquifer and the slough porewater. Ammonium attenuation was less efficient, however, in the slough porewater than in the aquifer and possibly occurred by a different sorption mechanism. A stoichiometrically balanced increase in magnesium concentration with decreasing ammonium and potassium concentrations indicated that cation exchange was the sorption mechanism in the slough porewater. Only a partial mass balance could be determined for cations exchanged for ammonium and potassium in the aquifer, indicating that some irreversible sorption may be occurring.Although wetlands commonly are expected to decrease fluxes of contaminants in riparian environments, enhanced attenuation of the leachate contaminants in the slough sediment porewater compared to the aquifer was not observed in this study. The lack of enhanced attenuation can be attributed to the fact that the anoxic plume, comprised largely of recalcitrant DOC and reduced inorganic constituents, interacted with anoxic slough sediments and porewaters, rather than encountering a change in redox conditions that could cause transformation reactions. Nevertheless, the attenuation processes in the narrow zone of groundwater/surface-water interaction were effective in reducing ammonium concentrations by a factor of about 3 during lateral transport across the slough and by a factor of 2 to 10 before release to the surface water. Slough porewater geochemistry also indicated that the slough could be a source of sulfate in dry conditions, potentially providing a terminal electron acceptor for natural attenuation of organic compounds in the leachate plume.     

渗滤液回流对不同填埋结构甲烷变化规律的影响研究

建立了大型模拟填埋试验装置,研究了渗滤液回流对不同填埋结构甲烷变化规律的影响.每周对填埋气体中甲烷浓度进行监测.结果表明:厌氧填埋中回流操作使甲烷浓度峰值提前了147 d,峰值为59.6%(体积分数,下同);准好氧填埋中回流操作使甲烷浓度峰值提前259 d,峰值为44.7%.回流操作使甲烷产气高峰提前,增加产气量,加快填埋垃圾稳定,减轻渗滤液污染.厌氧填埋中进行回流操作有利于甲烷的回收利用;准好氧填埋结构可有效减少甲烷的排放,减小对环境的危害.稳定期的垃圾填埋体进行回流产生一定的甲烷,但浓度较低,最高仅26.0%,没有利用价值.     

填埋场渗滤液控制系统的作用与组成

针对填埋场的功能与作用,比较了美国和日本2种不同的渗滤液集排水系统设计观点,并在全面分析填埋场系统各部分功能的基础上,提出了渗滤液控制系统及其水量控制、水质控制和排气3个功能的概念,以及功能交叉和系统间配合的设计思想。