可持续发展战略与长江流域经济开发

可持续发展已 成为世界性话题和全球共同任务。流江流域经济开发必须走可持续发展之路,”决不能吃粗宗饭,断子孙路,走浪费资源和先污染,后治理的路子”。长江流域淡水,矿产,生物旅游景观人才智力等资源丰富,但也存在对经济社会发展 不利的制约因素。必须扭转流域经济开发中重开发轻治理,急功近得、“靠山吃山、靠水吃水”开发目标单一等作法,实行统敌兼顾,分工协作;治理开发,综合利用;优势互补,利益均沾;细水长流,     

Integrating wetlands and riparian zones in river basin modelling

Wetlands, and in particular riparian wetlands, represent an interface between the catchment area and the aquatic environment. They control the exchange of water and related chemical fluxes from the upper catchment area to surface waters like streams and lakes. Their influence on water and nutrient balances has been investigated mainly at the patch scale. In this study an attempt was made (a) to integrate riparian zones and wetlands into eco-hydrological river basin modelling, and (b) to quantify the impacts of riparian wetland processes on water and nutrient fluxes in a meso-scale catchment located in the northeastern German lowland. The investigation was performed by analysing hydro-chemical field data and applying the eco-hydrological model SWIM (Soil and Water Integrated Model), which was extended to reproduce the relevant water and nutrient flows and retention processes at the catchment scale in general, and in riparian zones and wetlands in particular. The main extensions introduced in the model were: (1) implementation of daily groundwater table dynamics at the hydrotope level, (2) implementation of water and nutrient uptake by plants from groundwater in riparian zones and wetlands, and (3) assessment of nutrient retention in groundwater and interflow. The simulation results indicate that wetlands, though they represent relatively small parts of the total catchment area, may have a significant impact on the overall water and nutrient balances of the catchment. The uncertainty of the simulation results is considerably high, with the main sources of uncertainty being the model parameters representing the geo-hydrology and the input data for land use management.     

广东省跨市河流边界水质控制断面方案讨论

在对广东省主要跨市河流进行详细调查的基础上，分析现有跨市河流边界水质控制断面的存在问题；综合考虑跨市河段的地理位置、水体现状功能及水环境敏感性等因素，并兼顾上、下游地区社会经济发展现状及趋势，建议在新丰江、增江、韩江、灞江、绥江、西南涌、西江干流、榕江、枫江等河道新设边界水质控制断面13个，在全省共布设38个断面，构成广东省跨市河流边界水质达标管理的监测体系。文章还建议，要尽快制定广东省跨市河流边界水质保护条例，为加强广东跨市河流边界水质的达标管理，解决上下游地区之问的污染纠纷提供法律依据。     

黑臭河道生物修复中3种不同增氧方式比较研究

利用叶轮式曝气机、水下式曝气机、射流式曝气机等3种不同曝气方式的曝气设备进行了黑臭河涌曝气试验。研究表明，不同增氧方式对黑臭河道水体增氧效率不同，水下式曝气机、叶轮式曝气机均可在黑臭河道下游形成一段绿色水而，水车式曝气机下游变绿河段长度为15．7m，叶轮式曝气机下游变绿河段长度为6．3m，射流式曝气机不能形成明显的绿色水而。无论足河道水体增氧效果、CODcr、NH3-N去除效果，还足河道菌-藻生态系统的建口、自净能力的肩动，水下式增氧机均优于其它两种增氧机，而且存在投资少、安装维护方便、运行费用低等优点。适应于河道窄、水流缓、截污难度大的城郊中小型黑臭河道的治理。     

The effect of patch constellation on the exchange of individuals between habitat-islands

Metapopulation models assume that inter-patch dispersal dominantly depends on distance between patches and the dispersal capability of organisms in question. We used a spatially explicit, individual-based model to investigate the potential effect of patch constellation on the exchange of individuals between patches. We simulated migration of individuals from a start- into a target-patch with both patches having the same size and shape. Simulation experiments were carried out for four patch constellations and two different movement patterns. Our results demonstrate a substantial effect of patch constellation on the exchange of individuals. They also show that the magnitude and even the direction of this effect crucially depends on their movement pattern. We conclude that particularly for highly correlated movement patterns patch shape and constellation can not readily be ignored when modelling inter-patch dispersal between habitat-islands.     

Modeling joint production of wildlife and timber

Production of marketed commodities and protection of natural systems often conflict. A focus on only one goal can result in large losses in other goals and may result in inefficient and unsustainable outcomes. In this paper, we develop a method that combines economic and ecological models in a dynamic and spatial analysis to evaluate land use decisions and find cost-effective alternatives for which it is not possible to do better on one objective without harming another objective. The method is demonstrated using timber production and species conservation on a forested landscape over a 100-year planning horizon. Current land use strategies are simulated and compared with cost-effective alternatives. The approach is compared to a static reserve approach, similar to previous studies, and found to produce substantially more efficient management strategies for the case study landscape.     

万家寨引黄工程引水终端水质预测分析

采用QWASI逸度模型对引水中检出的10种主要有机污染物和8种重金属在输水过程中沉积、转化以及归趋进行了分析。最终定量给出引水在进入太原市净水厂时10种有机物和8种重金属的预测浓度，为对水质进行进一步安全性评价和水处理提供了参考依据。     

A Numerical Study of the Dynamics of the Riverine Thermal Bar in a Deep Lake

A numerical model based on a Finite Volume formulation of the Navier–Stokes equations is used to simulate a range of scenarios leading to a thermal bar formed by a river inflow to an idealised deep lake. The results presented here show that small riverine salinity increases have a profound effect on the dynamics of the thermal bar, suppressing horizontal propagation of the plume and raising the possibility of a thermal bar which is capable of sinking to great depths. This finding is particularly relevant to Lake Baikal in Siberia, where the vigorous deep-water renewal is still not fully understood. An analysis of the buoyancy forces governing the depth of penetration of the thermal bar plume shows that realistic salinity gradients are an important factor in determining the circulation of Baikal waters. Observations of the saline curtailment of the thermal bar's horizontal propagation also reveal a potential for reduced productivity in the ecosystem of any temperate river delta during the Spring renewal period.     

以有机污染为主的河流治理技术研究进展

借鉴国外污染河流治理与修复的经验,并结合我国当前严重的河流污染形势,介绍了以有机污染为主的河流治理技术的研究进展。根据污染河水处理系统与河道的相对空间关系,河流治理技术可分为三类,第一类是将河水引出河道水系,引入附近的污水处理厂进行处理的异地处理法,其中截污工程是异地处理法的关键;第二类是在河道内建设处理系统,沿程进行河水净化的原位处理法,如河道内的曝气法、投菌法、生物膜法和化学法等;第三类是在河岸带上建设处理系统,将河水分流其中进行处理的旁路处理法,如建于河岸上的人工湿地处理系统、氧化塘以及多种形式的生物床或生物反应器等,旁路处理法起着人工强化河岸带的作用,是目前受污染河流治理中值得关注的一条新思路。受污染河流的具体处理方法及空间位置的选择,需要根据实际情况而定。     

珠江三角洲城市群空气污染实例分析

对2001年冬季珠江三角洲城市群典型空气污染过程和原因进行分析,指出广州、佛山、南海、香港、澳门、深圳、珠海、顺德等城市空气污染变化有很强的同步性,同时各有特点;地区空气污染受天气过程影响,同时城市污染因地理位置和经济条件而各有特点;污染源排放控制要有地区性的规划,各个城市又要有重点.