Biosorption of cadmium and nickel ions using marine macrophyte,Cymodocea nodosa

ABSTRACT

Seagrass (Cymodocea nodosa) ability to remove cadmium and nickel ions from single metal solutions was investigated in the present study. Metal ions were measured in the solution using an atomic absorption spectrophotometer. Various operational parameters (initial pH, biomass dose, metal ion concentration, and contact time) were tested and found to affect the uptake capacity of Cd (II) and Ni (II). More than 70% of biosorption capacity occurred in the first few minutes for both metal ions. The pseudo-second-order kinetic model and the Langmuir model were found to best fit the experimental data of Cd (II) and Ni (II) biosorption. The maximum uptake capacity (q_max) was 11.6 and 16.7?mg.g^?1 for Cd (II) and Ni (II), respectively. The biosorbent was characterised using Fourier transform infrared spectrometry (FTIR), scanning electron microscope (SEM), and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX). The infrared spectrum demonstrated that hydroxyl, carboxyl, and phenolic functional groups are the major binding sites for Cd (II) and Ni (II) metals. The ion exchange mechanism plays an important role during biosorption process as shown in EDX analysis. Our results conclude that marine macrophyte C. nodosa can be used as a low-cost biosorbent for the removal of Cd (II) and Ni (II) in wastewater.     

Design and prediction for highly efficient SO2 capture from flue gas by imidazolium ionic liquids

An efficient method for prediction in the capture of SO2 from flue gas by imidazolium ionic liquids was reported, where the concentration of SO2 is 2000 ppm. On the basis of quantitative calculations through a combination of Langmuir simulation, theoretical calculation and quantum chemical method, SO2 absorption and desorption performance from flue gas by twelve kinds of imidazolium ionic liquids with different anions were designed and predicted. Then, among them, five kinds of imidazolium ionic liquids were chosen and prepared to investigate their behavior of SO2 absorption capacity, desorption residue, and available absorption capacity. The results indicated that the experimental values were in good agreement with the predicted values. Thus, an ideal ionic liquid [Emim][Tetz] was obtained through the predictive method for the capture of SO2 of 2000 ppm, which showed high available absorption capacity of 0.24 g SO2 per g ionic liquid and excellent reversibility.     

Arsenic removal from aqueous solutions by adsorption on red mud

Use of red mud, which is a waste product from bauxite processing, has been explored as an alternate adsorbent for arsenic in this study. The tests showed that the alkaline aqueous medium (pH 9.5) favored the removal of As(III), whereas the pH range from 1.1 to 3.2 was effective for As(V) removal. The process of arsenic adsorption follows a first-order rate expression and obeys the Langmuir's model. It was found that the adsorption of As(III) was exothermic, whereas As(V) adsorption was endothermic. It would be advantageous to use this residue as an adsorbent replacing polyvalent metal salts.     

改性活性氧化铝除磷性能的试验

为提高活性氧化铝对废水中磷的去除效果,以硫酸铝为改性剂,采用浸渍法对其进行改性;测定了改性前后活性氧化铝的比表面积及孔容孔径;考察了吸附时间、pH、废水初始浓度、改性剂投加量等因素对去除废水中磷的影响;探讨了改性活性氧化铝对磷的吸附机理.结果表明,改性后活性氧化铝的比表面积为398.364 m2/g,提高了14.22%...     

Suitability of various chemically prepared activated carbons for the removal of copper(II) ions

Studies on the suitability of various chemically prepared activated carbons (CPACs) like straw carbon (SC), sawdust carbon (SDC), dates nut carbon (DNC) and commercial activated carbon (CAC) for the removal of copper(II) ions by adsorption from simulated wastewater have been carried out under batch mode at 30?±?1°C and the results are compared. The percentage removal of Cu(II) ions increased with a decrease in initial concentration, particle size and added electrolytes (ionic strength) and increased with an increase in contact time, dose of adsorbent and initial pH of the solution. The adsorption data were fitted with the Langmuir isotherm. The applicability of the first order kinetic equation viz. Lagergren equation was tested by correlation analysis. The adsorption process is concluded to be a spontaneous, first order reaction, occurring with increased randomness at the solid–liquid interface. Studies on the desorption of Cu²⁺-loaded activated carbons (ACs) were carried out with nitric acid (0.2–1?N). The possibility of reuse of the regenerated ACs in cycle (in cue-one after another) was tested. SC was found to be a suitable adsorbent alternative to CAC among CPACs for the removal of metal ions, in general, and Cu²⁺ ions, in particular.     

Sulfamethoxazole removal from polluted water by immobilized photocatalysis

The photocatalytic activity of TiO₂ deposits (Degussa P25 and Millennium PC500) has been studied using sulfamethoxazole (SMX) as a model water pollutant and a UV fluorescent lamp as a light source (365 nm). Both catalysts have shown very similar properties in the photocatalytic degradation of SMX. Special attention has been given to the effect of the irradiation time, pH, and pollutant concentration. No mass-transfer limitations are observed. The degradation of SMX is accelerated at low concentration, and the photocatalytic degradation kinetics obey the Langmuir–Hinshelwood model, allowing the adsorption and apparent rate constants to be determined for both catalysts.     

烷基多糖苷季铵盐改性粘土治理赤潮研究

研究了新型表面活性剂烷基多糖苷季铵盐在2种粘土高岭土和膨润土上的吸附行为,发现其在2种粘土上的吸附符合Langmuir吸附等温线,并且吸附速率很快,在1～2min之内就能够达到吸附平衡,经红外分析发现其可以对粘土进行有效改性.在此基础上,还研究了烷基多糖苷季铵盐对东海原甲藻、强壮前沟藻、锥状斯氏藻生长的影响以及2种有机改性粘土对赤潮藻的去除情况和絮凝动力学.结果表明,烷基多糖苷季铵盐用量分别为0～0.4 mg/L、0～0.5 mg/L、0～0.8 mg/L时,对上述3种藻的生长只是抑制作用;当浓度为0.6～1.2 mg/L、0.75～1.5 mg/L、1.2～2.4 mg/L时,就会阻碍上述3种藻的生长,并且3d之后能够使其几乎全部死亡.用其改性粘土后,在与原土相同的用量条件下可将对赤潮藻的去除率从20%左右提高到90%以上,大大降低了有效去除赤潮藻的粘土用量.其沉降动力学研究表明,粘土的种类、用量以及改性剂的用量都是影响体系沉降速率的重要因素,在实际应用中可以根据不同的情况而改变其中的某个因素以达到提高沉降速率的效果.     

CuO/γ-Al2O3脱硫动力学研究

研究了CuO/γ-Al2O3脱硫剂脱除烟气中SO2的反应动力学。采用浸渍法制备了CuO/(γ-Al2O3)为0.12g/g脱硫剂,X-射线衍射(XRD)表明CuO呈亚单层状态分布。0.12gCuO/g(γ-Al2O3)脱硫剂硫化反应的等压吸附表明,在100～300℃、300～550℃、550～800℃范围内,SO2的吸附性质分别为物理吸附、化学吸附、化学脱附。针对化学吸附过程,提出了Langmuir反应动力学模型。计算得到SO2的反应级数为1级,活化能Ea为19.98kJ/moL,指前因子K0为9.97×10-5s-1.Pa-1。模型检验显示Langmuir反应动力学模型可以很好地描述CuO/(γ-Al2O3)为0.12g/g脱硫剂硫化过程中CuO与SO2的反应。     

Adsorption of mono- and di-butyltin by a wheat charcoal: pH effects and modeling

Understanding adsorption processes of butyltins (BTs) such as monobutyltin (MBT) and dibutyltin (DBT) by black carbons is important for the evaluation of BT exposure risks to organisms and humans. However, relevant knowledge is scarce. In this study, the acidity constants pK_a,1 = 2.3, pK_a,2 = 3.5 and pK_a,3 = 5.9 for MBT and pK_a,1 = 3.0 and pK_a,2 = 5.1 for DBT are estimated via potentiometric titration. Additionally, adsorption isotherms of BTs to a wheat charcoal were determined. The adsorption behavior was observed to be pH-dependent due to BT speciation and the pH-dependent surface charge of the charcoal. MBT adsorption to the charcoal decreases with increasing pH from 4 to 8, while the highest adsorption occurs at pH 6 for DBT. Adsorption of the BTs is successfully described in the pH range of 3-10 by using a newly developed pH-dependent Dual Langmuir model. The model has the potential to predict the interaction of BT species with charcoal, which can contribute to the risk assessments of BTs in the environment.     

改性钢渣处理低浓度氨氮废水

采用正交实验法,以氨氮去除率为指标,设计5因素4水平正交实验;采用恒温振荡方法对高温活化改性钢渣做了吸附低浓度氨氮影响因素的研究;得出以下结论：改性钢渣吸附低浓度氨氮影响因素的重要性顺序为：氨氮初始质量浓度〉钢渣粒度〉改性方法 〉溶液pH〉吸附时间,经过改性,提高了钢渣处理低浓度氨氮废水的能力,其中经过700℃高温活化改性效果最佳;高温改性钢渣对低浓度氨氮的吸附过程符合Langmuir方程,相关系数为0.9993,作用机理为表面吸附,即单层吸附,理论饱和吸附量为2.8491 mg/g。