不同光强下光催化降解对氯苯甲酸钠动力学

以对氯苯甲酸钠为模型污染物,研究了不同光强条件下的光催化降解动力学.结果表明对氯苯甲酸钠的光催化降解动力学可以用Langmuir-Hinshelwood模式来描述,但其中的动力学参数与光强有关.速率常数k_r随入射光强的升高而增加,而表观吸附常数K_s却随入射光强的升高而降低.k_r和K_s^-1近似与光强呈幂函数的关系.说明提高光强虽然可以增加光催化降解速率但会降低其能量利用效率,如何使用低光强照射可能是提高光催化氧化反应器能量利用效率的重要因素之一.     

西辽河流域不同土地利用结构沙土磷解吸特征

采用小型回填式土柱淋溶试验方法,研究了西辽河流域沙土的磷解吸特征.结果表明,西辽河流域沙土的磷解吸特征符合Freundlich和Langmuir解吸等温式;沙土磷的解吸比率(D_r)在0.32～0.98之间,平均值为0.70;最大解吸量(D_m)与饱和吸附量(Г_m)呈极显著正相关;沙土对磷的吸附方式以物理吸附为主,解吸可逆性较强.被吸附的磷在环境中较易发生淋失,仍然存在一定的环境风险.土壤中w(有机质)和w(团聚体)对磷的固持能力有较大影响;不同土地利用结构磷的D_r排序为农田(0.64)=草地(0.64)＜林地(0.67)＜沙荒地(0.91),农田、草地和林地磷淋失的环境风险较小;沙荒地磷淋失的环境风险最大,D_r与土壤中w(粗黏粒),w(黏粒)和w(有机质)呈极显著负相关.      

Removal of C.I. acid brown 75 from aqueous solution by kaolinite

The adsorption of acid brown 75 onto kaolinite in aqueous solution was studied with respect to the pH, adsorbent dosage, contact time, initial concentration, and operating temperature. Desorption of dye from dye-saturated kaolinite was observed. Experimental data indicated that the adsorption capacity of kaolinite for the dye was higher in acidic rather than in basic solution. The maximum adsorption capacity of kaolinite towards the dye was found to be 96.5 mg g^?1 (pH 1.0). At the optimal adsorption condition, the dye removal ratio was 95.5%. Dye-saturated kaolinite could desorb at aqueous NaOH, the desorption ratio of dye was 78.8%. The linear Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm models are well fitting to represent the experimental data.     

Retention characteristics of Cu2+, Pb2+, and Zn2+ from aqueous solutions by two types of low lime fly ashes

The technical feasibility of utilization of fly ash as a low-cost adsorbent for the removal of metals from water has been studied. For two types of fly ashes, the retention capacities of copper, lead, and zinc metal ions have been studied. Contact time, initial concentration, and pH have been varied and their effect on retention mechanism has been studied. The dominant mechanisms responsible for retention are found to be precipitation due to the presence of calcium hydroxide, and adsorption due to the presence of silica and alumina oxide surfaces in the fly ash. First-order kinetic plots have revealed that the rate constant increases with increase in the initial concentration and pH. Langmuir adsorption isotherms have been plotted to study the maximum adsorption capacities for metal ions considered under different conditions. X-ray diffraction studies revealed the formation of new peaks corresponding to respective metal ions precipitates under alkaline conditions.     

Adsorption characteristics of copper, lead, zinc and cadmium ions by tourmaline

The adsorption characteristics of heavy metals： Cu（Ⅱ）, Pb（Ⅱ）, Zn（Ⅱ） and Cd（Ⅱ） ions on tourmaline were studied. Adsorption equilibrium was established. The adsorption isotherms of all the four metal ions followed well Langmuir equation. Tourmaline was found to remove heavy metal ions efficiently from aqueous solution with selectivity in the order of Pb（Ⅱ）〉Cu（Ⅱ）〉Cd（Ⅱ）〉Zn（Ⅱ）. The adsorption of metal ions by tourmaline increased with the initial concentration of metal ions increasing in the medium. Tourmaline could also increase pH value of metal solution.The maximum heavy metal ions adsorbed by tourmaline was found to be 78.86, 154.08, 67.25, and 66.67 mg/g for Cu（Ⅱ）, Pb（U）, Zn（Ⅱ） and Cd（U）, respectively. The temperature （25-55℃） had a small effect on the adsorption capacity of tourmaline. Competitive adsorption of Cu（Ⅱ）, Pb（Ⅱ）, Zn（Ⅱ） and Cd（Ⅱ） ions was also studied. The adsorption capacity of tourmaline for single metal decreased in the order of Pb〉Cu〉Zn 〉Cd and inhibition dominance observed in two metal systems was Pb〉Cu, Pb〉Zn, Pb〉Cd, Cu〉Zn, Cu〉Cd, and Cd〉Zn.     

超细电气石粉吸附水体中的Cu（Ⅱ）、Pb（Ⅱ）和Zn（Ⅱ）

通过对吸附时间、电气石用量、初始溶液pH值、初始离子浓度和吸附温度等单因素试验,研究超细电气石粉对水中重金属离子Cu（Ⅱ）、Pb（Ⅱ）和Zn（Ⅱ）的吸附性能。实验发现：超细电气石粉对3种重金属离子的吸附均符合Langmuir吸附等温模型。超细电气石粉对Cu（Ⅱ）、Pb（Ⅱ）和zn（Ⅱ）的饱和吸附量分别是18．59、133．33mg／g和15．41mg／g。超细电气石粉对重金属离子的吸附量随着溶液的初始pH值和电气石用量的增加而增加,随着重金属离子浓度的增加而减小。超细电气石粉能够提高金属溶液的pH值。温度对超细电气石粉吸附重金属离子的影响较小。超细电气石粉对混合溶液中的Cu（Ⅱ）、Pb（Ⅱ）和Zn（Ⅱ）的吸附属于竞争性吸附,其选择性吸附由大到小的顺序为：Pb（Ⅱ）,Cu（Ⅱ）,Zn（Ⅱ）。     

Removal of cadmium using MnO2 loaded D301 resin

MnO2 loaded weak basic anion exchange resin D301 （Anion exchange resin, macroreticular weak basic styrene） as adsorbent has been prepared and applied to the removal of cadmium. The adsorption characteristics have been investigated with respect to effect of pH, equilibrium isotherms, removal kinetic data, and interference of the coexisting ions. The results indicated that the Cd^2＋ could be efficiently removed using MnO2 loaded D301 resin in the pH range of 3-8 from aqueous solutions with the co-existence of high concentration of alkali and alkaline-earth metals ions. The saturate adsorption capacity of the Cd^2＋ was 77.88 mg/g. The adsorption process followed the pseudo first-order kinetics. The equilibrium data obtained in this study accorded excellently with the Langmuir adsorption isotherm.     

Equilibrium studies on the adsorption of acid dye into chitin

We report the adsorption isotherm of acid dye on the surface of chitin, a unique solid adsorbent. Adsorption process offers an attractive benefit for a dyeing house treatment. Influences of essential kinetic parameters such as adsorbent particle size, reaction temperature governing the dye adsorption have been investigated. Adsorptions isotherms of dye on chitin were developed and the equilibrium data fitted well to the Langmuir, Freundlich and Redlich Peterson isotherm model. At optimum conditions maximum dye adsorption capacity of chitin estimated with the Langmuir 44.0, 85.0, 104.3 mg/g and 85.0, 114.10, 113.62 mg/g adsorbent. The results showed that chelating polymer of chitin could be considered as potential adsorbents for acid dye removal from dilute solution.     

土壤分离菌株去除水溶液中铅离子研究

金属及微生物种类、pH和接触时间是决定生物吸附效果的关键因素.从受铅污染的土壤中分离出5株有生物吸附铅离子能力的菌株,并鉴定吸附能力最强的菌株1为芽孢杆菌;试验了pH、接触时间和初始铅离子浓度对该芽孢杆菌生物吸附铅的影响,在温度为25℃时,pH值3.0、初始铅离子浓度250 mg/L、吸附时间不超过15 min有最大吸附量92.27 mg/g,此时去除率为73.82%,且25℃吸附平衡基本符合Langmuir等温模型.因此,用该芽孢杆菌生物吸附去除水溶液中铅是可行的.