轻柴油储罐火灾过程及安全性评价

从 2 0 0 2年 1月 1日起我国实施新的“轻柴油”产品标准 ,新标准将轻柴油的闪点指标由原来的≥ 65℃改为≥ 5 5℃ ,由此导致轻柴油的火灾危险类别发生变化 ,并进而引发原有轻柴油储罐能否安全储存新标准轻柴油的问题。笔者利用化学流体力学模型和挪威船级社 (DNV)的SAFETI风险评估软件对 65℃闪点和 5 5℃闪点轻柴油的储存火灾危害性进行了评估 ,取得了轻柴油火灾中危害程度的计算机模拟结果     

Fetal skin biopsy in prenatal diagnosis of some genodermatoses

Various methods of obtaining fetal skin for prenatal diagnosis of certain autosomal-recessive congenital genodermatoses have been assessed. An attempt was made to obtain fetal skin by fetoscopy in 15 patients prior to pregnancy termination for a variety of medical reasons at 18–26 weeks. Specimens were obtained only in five cases (8 successful attempts out of 48). In twelve cases, of which five had a history of a child with junctional (Herlitz type) or dystrophic (Hallopeau-Siemens type) epidermolysis bullosa or non-bullous congenital ichthyosiform erythroderma at 16–25 weeks of pregnancy, fetal skin was obtained without fetoscopy under direct ultrasonic control. Specimens were obtained in all cases (33 successful attempts out of 39). In three cases, fetal pathology was diagnosed by the method of semi-thin and ultra-thin skin sections, and the respective pregnancies were terminated.     

Immunocytochemical localization of peroxisomal β-oxidation enzymes in human fetal liver

In the majority of congenital peroxisomal disorders, β-oxidation of very long chain fatty acids is deficient. We have investigated the appearance and localization of the three peroxisomal β-oxidation enzymes in normal fetal liver (fertilization age between 5 and 18 weeks) with protein A- gold immunocytochemistry and silver enhancement for light microscopic visualization. With specificity-tested polyclonal antibodies, acyl-CoA-oxidase, bifunctiooal enzyme, and 3-oxoacyl-CoA thiolase were localized in the peroxisomes of the parenchymal cells, which appear as brown or black granules. In the youngest specimen, no immunopositive reaction was obtained. A weak reaction with anti-thiolase was obtained at the age of 6–7 weeks. At a fertilization age of 8 weeks, peroxisomes could be distinctly visualized after immunostaining for all three enzymes. From a staining series with anti-thiolase on simultaneously treated slides, it appears that the amount of antigen per peroxisome and the organelle size increase between the seventh and eighteenth weeks. These data should enable a more specific diagnosis in fetal liver biopsies from pregnancies at risk and after termination of pregnancy.     

中国医科大学附属第一医院综合废水处理及回用工程实践

中国医科大学附属第一医院 (简称中国医大一院 )建设综合污水处理及中水回用工程 ,提高了水的重复使用率 ,并将生产的中水回用至新病房大楼作为冲厕用水及院区景观绿化用水 ,在减少污水排放量的同时 ,取得了显著的环境效益和经济效益。     

Seasonality of carbonaceous aerosol composition and light absorption properties in Karachi, Pakistan

Characteristics of carbonaceous aerosol(CA) and its light absorption properties are limited in Karachi,which is one of the most polluted metropolitan cities in South Asia.This study presents a comprehensive measurement of seasonality of CA compositions and mass absorption cross-section(MAC) of elemental carbon(EC) and water-soluble organic carbon(WSOC) in total suspended particles(TSP) collected from February 2015 to March 2017 in the southwest part of Karachi.The average TSP,organic carbon(OC),and EC concentrations were extremely high with values as 391.0±217.0,37.2±28.0,and 8.53±6.97 μg/m~3,respectively.These components showed clear seasonal variations with high concentrations occurring during fall and winter followed by spring and summer.SO_4~(2-),NO_3~-,K~+,and NH_4~+showed similar variations with CA,implying the significant influence on atmospheric pollutants from anthropogenic activities.Relatively lower OC/EG ratio(4.20±2.50)compared with remote regions further indicates fossil fuel combustion as a primary source of CA.Meanwhile,sea salt and soil dust are important contribution sources for TSP.The average MAC of EC(632 nm) and WSOC(365 nm) were 6.56±2.70 and 0.97±0.37 m~2/g,respectively.MAC_(EC) is comparable to that in urban areas but lower than that in remote regions,indicating the significant influence of local emissions.MACwsoc showed opposite distribution with EC,further suggesting that OC was significantly affected by local fossil fuel combustion.In addition,dust might be an important factor increasing MACwsoc particularly during spring and summer.     

Why do nocturnal orb-web spiders (Araneidae) search for light?

The nocturnal orb-web spider Larinioides sclopetarius lives near water and frequently builds webs on bridges. In Vienna, Austria, this species is particularly abundant along the artificially lit handrails of a footbridge. Fewer individuals placed their webs on structurally identical but unlit handrails of the same footbridge. A census of the potential prey available to the spiders and the actual prey captured in the webs revealed that insect activity was significantly greater and consequently webs captured significantly more prey in the lit habitat compared to the unlit habitat. A laboratory experiment showed that adult female spiders actively choose artificially lit sites for web construction. Furthermore, this behaviour appears to be genetically predetermined rather than learned, as laboratory-reared individuals which had previously never foraged in artificial light exhibited the same preference. This orb-web spider seems to have evolved a foraging behaviour that exploits the attraction of insects to artificial lights. Received: 8 June 1998 / Received in revised form: 18 January 1999 / Accepted: 19 January 1999     

Visualization by light transmission of oil and water contents in transient two-phase flow fields

The difficulty of determining transient fluid contents in a soil–oil–water system is hampering an understanding of the system's flow characteristics. In this paper, we describe a light transmission method (LTM) which can rapidly obtain oil and water contents throughout a large two-dimensional flow field of silica sand. By appropriately coloring the water with 0.005% FD&C blue #1, the hue of the transmitted light is found to be directly related to the water content within the porous media. The hue provides a high resolution measurement of the water and oil contents in transient flow fields (such as unstable flow). Evaluation of the reliability of LTM was assessed by checking the mass balance for a known water injection and its utility in visualizing a whole flow field was exemplified for unstable fingered flow by comparing fluid contents to those obtained with synchrotron X-ray radiation.     

非金属材料的氙灯曝露试验概述

氙灯曝露试验是非金属材料的耐候性和耐光性测试的主要方法之一,本文着重介绍了氙灯曝露试验的原理、试验条件在当前的氙灯曝露试验设备上的物理实现、主要的氙灯试验标准以及氙灯曝露试验应考虑的因素.     

汽车行业的氙灯曝露试验综述及技术发展趋势

本文着重对汽车行业主要的氙灯曝露试验标准的技术特点进行了综述,并分析了该行业氙灯曝露试验的技术发展趋势.     

Application of a long-path differential optical absorption spectrometer (LP-DOAS) on the measurements of NO(2), SO(2), O(3), and HNO(2) in Gwangju, Korea

A differential optical absorption spectrometer (DOAS) technique has been applied to monitor airborne trace pollutants including NO(2), SO(2), O(3), and HNO(2) in the ultraviolet (UV) region (290-350 nm) over a 1.5 km beam path (two ways) during an intensive measurement campaign held at Gwangju, Korea (March 2002). Their mean mixing ratios (and standard deviations) were computed as 11.3 (8.8), 1.9 (1.7), 17.1 (19.3), and 0.5 (0.4)ppbv, respectively. As a means to evaluate the performance of the long-path DOAS (LP-DOAS) system with conventional point monitoring systems (PMS), correlation analysis was conducted between the two data sets. These data sets were then inspected to account for the influence of the environmental conditions on the correlation strength between the two systems, especially with respect to light level and wind speed. To facilitate the comparison, correlation analyses were conducted after dividing the data sets for those parameters into several classes. The strength of the correlations between DOAS and meteorological parameters was also examined to evaluate their effects on the DOAS performance. It was found that, among the four pollutant species, O(3) is the most sensitive to changes in meteorological conditions in relation with atmospheric mixing conditions. The overall results of our study indicate that open-path monitoring techniques can be used to effectively diagnose air quality and be substituted for the conventional point monitoring methods with the proper consideration of those parameters affecting the DOAS sensitivity (e.g., light level and wind speed).