Sub-chronic exposure to carbendazim induces biochemical and hematological alterations in male goats

The present investigation reports the effect of repeated (90 days) administration of carbendazim on the biochemical and hematological parameters in male goats. Carbendazim administered orally at a daily dose of 50 mg kg^?1 body weight for 90 consecutive days resulted in increased plasma concentration of aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT), creatinine and albumin, while alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and glucose levels were decreased. Decrease in total leukocyte (TLC) and neutrophil count and increase in lymphocyte count was observed in the treatment group. The findings of the present investigation indicate that sub-chronic exposure to carbendazim in male goats causes hepatic and slight kidney dysfunctions.     

Aggregation and dissolution of silver nanoparticles in a laboratory-based freshwater microcosm under simulated environmental conditions

Silver nanoparticles (NP) are used in several applications, including their use as antimicrobial agents in textiles, personal care, and other domestic products. As such, there is a high potential for the release of silver nanoparticles (AgNP) in the aquatic environment. In aquatic ecosystems, nanomaterials are affected by abiotic factors, such as temperature, that alter their chemistry and influence their fate in the environment. Preliminary studies indicate that NP tend to form aggregates which are potentially more recalcitrant than unaggregated NP. These and other fate processes are largely dependent on both the characteristics of the NP and that of the environment. In this study, lab experiments were conducted to investigate the physicochemical properties and temperature solubility of AgNP (<100 nm) that may potentially influence the fate and behavior of AgNP in the aqueous environment. Results indicated that, under these tested conditions, AgNP may be transformed in size and thereby affect fate, bioavailability, and toxicity. In this study, a novel method was used to determine whether AgNP would form agglomerates, or behave as isolated particles, or dissolve when in aqueous media and under different environmental conditions. The new aspects evaluated in this study demonstrated that AgNP are transformed in both size and state under variable environmental conditions.     

Changes in wetland landscape patterns on Yinchuan Plain,China

Wetlands, with their many values and important functions, are precious resources. They have, however, undergone great changes during economic development and population growth. Relying on recent advances in remote sensing and geographic information system (GIS) techniques, this paper probes changes in wetland landscapes on Yinchuan Plain during 1978–2006. A series of remote sensing images was used to identify wetland landscape types. Landscape pattern indices, such as patch number, patch density, landscape shape, and Shannon's diversity, evenness, and contagion indices were calculated with GIS and landscape analysis software. Changes in wetland landscape patterns on Yinchuan Plain were analyzed. The analysis show that the total area of wetlands on Yinchuan Plain decreased from 391,540,239 m² in 1978 to 267,979,957 m² in 2006, a significant change over 28 years. The area of rivers and lakes has shrunk, and the area of paddies has increased consistently, with increasing wetland fragmentation and heterogeneity. The number of patches, patch density, and landscape shape index shows that wetland landscape patterns have undergone great changes. The landscape diversity, landscape evenness, and contagion indices indicate that wetland landscapes have become less heterogeneous. We discuss the causes of these changes and the sustainable development of wetland ecosystems.     

基于EFQM的建筑企业安全投入绩效评估SEM

为解决目前我国建筑业安全生产事故频发,安全投入不足及其绩效产出低下的现状,通过探索性因子分析,从建筑企业安全投入22项组成内容中提炼出6项要素;借鉴欧洲质量卓越(EFQM)模型,建立建筑企业安全投入绩效评估结构方程模型(SEM),实证分析安全投入构成要素之间的复杂交互影响关系:领导分别对人员、资源设施、政策战略具有正向直接影响;人员与资源受到政策战略的正向直接影响,并对生产过程与事故损失产生正向直接与间接影响。因此,在加强领导投入以提升整体安全投入绩效的前提下,提高政策战略对于人员、资源与设施的约束性,将最终保障安全生产与减少事故损失。     

太湖流域苏锡常地区地面沉降若干问题探析

地面沉降是我国和世界上许多城市出现的重要地质灾害之一,它是由多种因素引发的地表海拔缓慢降低现象。苏锡常地区位于太湖流域的核心地带,是我国经济最发达的地区之一。但是,随着经济的持续发展、人口的急剧增加、城镇化进程的不断加快,地下水开采日益强烈,已引发大范围严重的地面沉降,对当地生存和发展环境构成极大威胁。对苏锡常地区地面沉降现状、成因及危害的分析表明：要系统解决该地区地面沉降问题,必须从经济社会发展需要和生态环境保护的角度出发,综合运用法律、经济、技术、行政等手段,坚持走新型工业化道路,加快经济结构调整,坚决禁止过度开采地下水,优化地表水和地下水的使用与管理。     

基于结构方程模型的煤矿企业应急救援能力评价研究

根据事前、事中和事后三个环节的预防、监测、控制和恢复等能力的研究,分析了煤矿企业应急救援能力评价指标间的作用关系。根据煤矿企业应急救援能力评价指标的选取过程,提出了评价指标之间关系的理论假设;通过实证分析,运用结构方程模型验证了提出的理论假设,实证结果表明每个评价指标对煤矿企业应急救援能力具有不同的影响方式和不同的影响程度。据此,给出了提升煤矿企业应急救援能力的建议。     

水电工程高危作业风险影响因素的SEM模型

为探索水电工程高危作业的事故致因机理,耦联分析水电工程施工风险管理过程,从"施工企业影响"、"施工安全管理"、"施工人员行为"、"现场作业相关因素"等方面归纳总结水电工程施工事故风险要素及构成体系;在此基础上,通过问卷调查收集基础数据并定义研究变量属性,抽象风险与影响因素关系的概念模型,建立与检验高危作业风险的SEM模型;然后,以修正指数MI为判据,修正和优化SEM模型。研究结果表明:安全管理制度、教育培训、职业健康环境、个人决策能力对水电高危作业风险具有显著影响,是风险监管的重点,同时也启示风险管理者应深入贯彻"以人为本"的理念,加强"顶层制度设计"。     

随机桁架结构可靠性分析的完全概率方法

提出了一种求解随机参数桁架结构在随机荷载作用下反应的概率密度函数和结构精确可靠度的方法.通过对随机参数桁架结构在随机荷载作用下的有限元分析方法的研究,考虑了结构的物理参数,构件的几何尺寸和作用荷载幅值等的随机性.应用随机向量函数的概率分布函数表达式,通过确定积分区间、变量替换、交换积分顺序等一系列数学上的处理,获得所求结构反应的概率密度函数.由干涉理论得到了结构位移和应力的可靠度.通过算例的结果与Monte-Carlo模拟法结果比较,表明该方法具有较高的精度及良好的实用性.     

风险管理研究的方法论

根据风险管理兼具自然科学与社会科学特性,阐述了风险管理研究的方法论基础,提出了风险管理研究的方法系统。在此基础上,建立 了涵盖专业维、技术维、逻辑维、理论维、时间维的风险管理研究多维方法论结构体系。归纳了风险管理常用的研究方法,并按方法的层次进 行归类。根据方法系统和方法论的结构体系总结了风险管理研究的一般程序。研究结果在风险管理研究中对减少乃至避免无意义或重复工作具 有重要的指导作用。     

北京市产业结构调整及技术进步与节能的动态关系

为了建立环境友好的能源结构与健全节能的保障机制,运用指数分解法对北京市1996—2010年的节能量进行了计算与静态分解,在此基础上以单位GDP能耗作为北京市能源消费水平和节能降耗状况的主要指标,通过建立产业结构调整-技术进步-单位GDP能耗的VAR(vector autoregression,向量自回归)模型,以及脉冲响应和方差分解,论述三者间的动态关系;利用北京市2011─2013年实际单位GDP能耗对VAR模型进行校验,模型计算误差在5%以下. 结果表明:北京市在“九五”期间产业结构调整节能贡献大,占总节能量的55.60%,其主要依托第二、三产业间的结构调整;而在“十五”和“十一五”期间,技术进步节能量分别占同期总节能量的81.35%、85.41%. 单位GDP能耗、产业结构节能、技术进步节能对单位GDP能耗的方差贡献率分别为13%、39%和48%. 产业结构调整和技术进步对单位GDP能耗均产生周期性的影响,每个周期为5.0 a,影响逐渐减弱,2个周期后趋于零. 其中,产业结构调整后的前2.5 a对单位GDP能耗的影响较显著,其中尤以第2年最为明显;技术进步后的3.0～5.0 a对单位GDP能耗的影响显著,尤以第3年最为明显,具有2.0 a的滞后期. 因此,应结合产业结构调整和技术进步对单位GDP能耗影响的特征,对其节能效果做出科学评价,并应用于实际政策制订.