基于多元数据的景观格局演变及其影响因素——以流沙河流域宜东段为例

利用1985年和1994年两期土地利用现状图及2003年遥感资料，在ArcGIS 9．0平台上，选取多样性、均匀度、破碎度、分离度和分维数等指数，分析了流沙河上游汉源县宜东乡的景观格局演变特征及其影响因素。结果表明，景观整体多样性指数和均匀度指数增大，优势组分有林地对景观的控制作用不断减弱；景观整体破碎度增大，斑块间离散度增大，景观形状变得较为复杂。影响因素分析表明，集镇和主要公路的影响使得其周围景观的分布以人为景观旱地为主。地形因素中，居民点、水田在坡度15^o以下区域和平地、阴坡上广泛分布；有林地、灌木林和荒草地等景观在15^o以上坡度级分布较广，其中有林地阴坡分布稍高于其余坡向，灌木林分布阳坡多于阴坡，旱地在半阳坡出现分布峰值。     

江汉平原耕地数量变化驱动机制分析--以仙桃市为例

江汉平原历来是我国重要的商品粮生产基地，保留一定的耕地数量对保障我国粮食安全具有重大意义。因此，研究其耕地变化的驱动因子使具有实际意义。文章以仙桃市为例，借助统计分析软件SAS，运用主成分析分析方法，分析了其1990-2002年耕地的数量变化及其驱动因子，并基于可持续发展理论提出了仙桃市耕地可持续利用的对策。     

Functional Isomorphism of Ecosystems and Its Significance for Ecological Prognosis

A concept concerning the functional isomorphism of natural ecosystems as a factor modulating climatogenic changes in the soil–plant cover is proposed. On an empirical basis, production and destruction types of isomorphism are distinguished, which differ in their prevailing influence on the dynamics of zonal and regional ecosystems in the boreal and subboreal belts.     

Prenatal diagnosis of two rare de novo structural aberrations of the Y chromosome: cytogenetic and molecular analysis

Two rare de novo structural aberrations of the Y chromosome were detected during routine prenatal diagnosis: a satellited non-fluorescent Y chromosome (Yqs), the first de novo Yqs to be reported in a fetus, and a terminal deletion of the Y chromosome long arm del(Y)(q11). In both cases detailed cytogenetic and molecular analyses were undertaken. In the case of the Yqs it was demonstrated by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) that the satellites were derived from chromosome 15. In the case of the del(Yq), it was shown with molecular analysis by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification of sequence-tagged sites (STS-PCR) that the deleted portion of the long arm of chromosome Y included the azoospermia factor loci, AZFb and AZFc. The clinical significance of these findings is discussed. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

中国碳排放库兹涅茨曲线实证研究——基于Gregory-Hansen协整分析

中国反复、多次出现大范围持续性雾霾天气使碳排放与经济增长问题成为理论界研究的热点,选取1978~2012年中国历年相关统计数据,采用Gregory-Hansen协整检验方法结合结构突变分析,实证检验我国碳排放与能源消费、经济增长及产业结构的关系。研究结果显示,中国碳排放环境库兹涅茨曲线为正U型,且该曲线存在结构突变;经济增长、能源消费、产业结构对碳排放都具有显著的增排效应。因此,建议在保证经济可持续的中高速增长前提下,通过提高能源利用效率、推进产业结构调整等措施来降低碳排放量,使"APEC蓝"能够成为一种"新常态"。     

基于ISM模型的多式联运网络风险因素结构分析

首次通过解析结构模型对多式联运网络的风险因素结构问题进行了深入研究,旨在揭示多式联运网络风险因素之间的复杂层级关系.以多式联运网络为研究对象,首先分析了多式联运网络风险内涵,接着从外部和内部因素两方面对多式联运网络风险因素的构成进行辨识,进而构建了多式联运网络风险因素的多级递阶解析结构模型,最终探究了多式联运网络风险因素的结构及层级关系.结果表明,多式联运网络风险影响因素分为5个层次,其中顶层因素指多式联运网络的运行安全,最直接因素包括外部环境和网络节点,关键性因素包括载运工具、联运线路及技术手段,基础性因素包括经济发展状况、政策法律法规及人员能力素质,而深层次因素是组织管理因素.     

基于LMDI模型的乌鲁木齐工业废气排放影响因素研究

本文运用对数平均的LMDI 分解模型,选取工业SO₂、工业烟(粉)尘排放量作为污染物指标,将2006—2013 年,乌鲁木齐工业废气排放量影响因素分解为规模效应、结构效应、技术效应,考虑到技术效应机制的复杂性,进一步将技术效应细化为污染治理效应和清洁技术效应。研究结果表明:规模效应和结构效应增加乌鲁木齐工业废气排放,其中规模效应对工业废气排放量贡献率由2007 年的119.10%增加到2013 年的263.03%,结构效应对工业废气排放量的增加也起到一定的促进作用,但影响效果远低于规模效应,年贡献率均低于10%,技术效应阻碍工业废气排放的增加,贡献率由2007 年的-19.86%增加到2013 年的-172.50%。制造业和电力、燃气及水的生产和供应业废气排放量占工业废气排放总量的70% 左右,是乌鲁木齐工业废气污染的主要行业。清洁技术效应对SO₂ 的减排起促进作用,是阻碍工业SO₂ 排放量增加的主要因素。污染治理效应是工业烟(粉)尘的减排主要因素,说明目前乌鲁木齐工业烟(粉)尘的减排依赖于排放后的治理。     

Biochemical Changes in Decomposing Leaves of Mangroves

Nylon bags containing yellow leaves of Rhizophora apiculata and Avicennia marina, were immersed for 80 days from August to October, 1996. the decomposing leaves were collected every 10 days and analysed for dry weight loss and six biochemical parameters: tannins, total amino acids, total sugars, total nitrogen, total lipids and fatty acid profile. the leaf weight initially decreased very rapidly by about 50% of the start in two species of mangroves within 10 days. Similar changes were observed with tannins, total amino acids and sugars. However, the concentration of nitrogen increased significantly with decomposition. There was no significant change in total lipid and fatty acid profile. the highest concentration of fatty acid in the decomposing leaves was palmitic acid (16:0). Unsaturated fatty acids such as, 18:1 w7c and 18:1 w9c were found to be present in decomposing leaves of both species.     

Climate changes and overstory recruitment of larch at the northern timberline in the Yamal Peninsula

Studies on overstory recruitment of the Siberian larch (Larix sibirica Ledeb.) in open larch forests depending on the time of seedling establishment (1880–1980) have been performed in the northern timberline ecotone on the Yamal Peninsula. Two periods of active larch establishment have been revealed: from 1900 to 1935 and from 1950 to 1970. A comparison of these data with the results of instrumental observations on temperature and precipitation has shown that the overstory recruitment of larch in valleys of northern rivers is largely dependent on July air temperatures in the first years of tree life, when seedlings grow 10–20 cm high.