洱海入湖河流水体悬浮颗粒物有机碳氮来源特征

以洱海主要入湖河流水体悬浮颗粒物为研究对象,运用稳定同位素技术,研究了不同季节、不同河流水体悬浮颗粒物中有机碳、氮的来源,探讨了其与流域环境和人类活动之间的关系. 结果表明:①入湖河流水体悬浮颗粒物δ13C的离散程度为夏季<秋季<冬季<春季,变化范围分别为-25.1‰~-16.9‰、-30.0‰~-10.7‰、-20.9‰~-11.0‰和-28.6‰~-14.4‰;δ15N的离散程度为冬季>夏季>春季>秋季,变化范围分别为-0.5‰~8.8‰、5.4‰~10.6‰、3.4‰~7.9‰和6.2‰~8.7‰. ②入湖河流水体悬浮颗粒物有机质的来源,春季以陆源C₃植物和自生有机质为主,并且C₃植物来源的有机质贡献呈逐渐增大趋势;夏季主要来源于陆源C₃植物;秋季仍以陆源C₃植物和水生植物的混合来源为主,但水生植物来源有机质比例有所上升;冬季则以陆源C₃、C₄植物和水生植物来源有机质混合来源为主. ③入湖河流水体悬浮颗粒物中的氮,春季主要来源于土壤流失和水生植物残体,并且土壤流失氮比例逐渐升高;夏季主要来源于土壤流失;秋季来源于土壤流失、化学肥料和水生植物死亡的共同作用;冬季来源于化学肥料、土壤流失和水生植物,并且化学肥料带来的氮比例有所上升.      

Solubility of anthracene in complex solvent systems

A very extensive and effective research in the fields of classical and molecular cytogenetics of cancer cells, during the past 10 years, has produced a rather concrete picture of the events and mechanisms rendering a normal cell a malignant one: Mutational changes in the control of so‐called cellular oncogenes play a fundamental role in cell transformation and tumor progression. These oncogenes are highly conservative and, therefore, important genes normally coding for a series of specific proteins particularly involved in growth control and differentiation processes.

The most important alterations of these genes are: (1) Point mutations (e.g. base transitions) in essential base pairs of the respective proto‐oncogenes causing an uncontrolled expression of the latter, (2) translocations of specific chromosomal segments resulting in transfer of a proto‐oncogene from its normal (controlled) location into the area of highly active genes and by that in its activation, (3) amplification of DNA sequences including proto‐oncogenes which also can cause their over‐expression, (4) insertion of retroviral oncogenes into the DNA, (5) point mutations or deletions in “control genes” rendering the respective gene mutation homozygous or hemizygous.

All these events are mutations in the strict sense the mutageneticist applies to the endpoints of his experimental studies. Above all, the fundamental importance of translocations and point mutations in the transformation process has clearly been evidenced by these data. Therefore, the design of experiments in mutagenicity testing should preferentially consider these types of mutations. Any mutagen, e.g. certain heavy metals or their compounds, inducing those types of mutations, must be considered suspicious not only concerning its mutagenicity in germ cells but also in somatic cells, and, by that, its carcinogenicity.     

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This study aims to examine the mediating role of the customer environmental satisfaction in the effect of environmental friendliness of products and the company on customer loyalty in using green products in Malaysia. Structural equation modeling (SEM) analysis is performed to test the proposed hypotheses among 200 full time university students with purchasing experience at least once a week green products like organic vegetables. SEM results showed that customer environmental satisfaction significantly affected customer loyalty. This pair of relationships has the highest standardized beta coefficients, signifying the most important aspect of consideration by respondents among the rest of the proposed hypotheses. Next, customer environmental satisfaction partially mediated the relationship between environmental friendliness of products and customer loyalty in using green products. The results confirmed that customers are satisfied with their decision to purchase green products as they consume the least amount of resources and energy which results in minimum environmental damage and are also easy to recycle, disassemble, decompose, and reuse. Marketers should focus on creating effective marketing strategies and green promotional activities to attract customers for their green products. Marketers should control and enhance the quality of green products, as well as emphasizing their environmental satisfaction and increasing customer loyalty levels. This empirical study advanced marketers’ and policy makers’ understanding of the identification of customer environmental satisfaction as a mediator in the relationship between environmental friendliness of products and customer loyalty has been inspected in Malaysian context.     

有机污染物对水生生物毒性作用机理的判别及影响因素

有机污染物对水生生物急性毒性作用机理的判别及影响因素是定量结构与活性相关研究的基础,对准确预测有机污染物对水生生物的毒性具有重要的意义.本文根据目前国内外在该领域的研究现状和本课题组在该领域的研究成果,系统地总结了有机污染物对水生生物的急性毒性作用机理、毒性作用机理的判别方法、及影响毒性作用机理判别的因素.有机污染物对水生生物的急性毒性作用机理可分为非极性麻醉型、极性麻醉型、反应型和特殊作用型;化合物的毒性比率、毒性临界值和结构警示是目前判别毒性作用机理的主要方法;有机化合物的生物富集、非生物转化、生物代谢、离子化率和溶解度是毒性作用机理判别的主要影响因素.     

Land-use planning for sustainable resource development in Kumaon Lesser Himalaya—a study of the Gomti watershed

SUMMARY

The Lesser Himalaya, as the most densely populated part of the tectonically active and ecologically sensitive Himalayan mountain ranges, deserves specific attention to the conservation of the environment and the sustainable development of natural resources. Rapid growth of the human population during recent years, and the absence of any viable means of livelihood other than uneconomic crop farming have led to the uncontrolled exploitation of land areas and the consequent degradation and depletion of critical biophysical resources in the region. The need for sustainable development in Himalaya, therefore, makes it imperative to adopt a comprehensive land-use policy based on land capacity analysis that is scientific and practical. The main objective of this paper is to evolve an optimal land-use framework for the Gomti Watershed, situated in Kumaon, Lesser Himalaya. A detailed study of the traditional land use, regional agricultural system and the areas prone to environmental hazards was made throughout the watershed, through the preparation of large scale topographical forest and land record maps, field surveys and mapping. The average slope was considered as the principal parameter of land capacity, the potential for landslides and the intensity of erosion. Recognising the drastic changes that have taken place in the traditional land use, the watershed area has been proposed to be defined as protected forests (33.41%), community forests (32.86%), cultivation (23.33%) and horticulture (8.30%).     

Green supply chain management in the chemical industry: structural framework of drivers

ABSTRACT

The main purpose of Green Supply Chain Management (GSCM) is to improve the quality of supply chain management strategies and environmental performance. As per current statistics, the chemical industry is growing fast in Bangladesh. In order to compete for global competition, GSCM is essential in this sector. This paper proposes a systematic approach of structural framework whose aim is to enhance the probability of constructive implementation of GSCM in the field chemical industry in Bangladesh. Therefore, this framework evaluates the appropriate interrelationship along with the drivers of GSCM in the chemical industry. In total, eight drivers were finalized from an associated literature review with the help of survey and by taking expert opinions via the Delphi methodology. In addition to MICMAC analysis, the driving and the dependence powers for all the drivers were determined. Moreover, the structural frameworks for the drivers were developed by means of total interpretive structural modeling (TISM) technique. As a result, the findings indicate that the most significant driver was supplier pressure and willingness and the most important barrier was high cost. Finally, the main objective of this research is expected to help industrial managers to evaluate and understand the critical areas where they should emphasize to implement GSCM in the chemical industry.     

基于结构方程模型的京津冀城市用地行政边界效应分析

行政边界如何影响城市用地规模?论文以京津冀为研究案例,基于结构方程构建5个时段（1990、1995、2000、2005、2010年）的城市用地行政边界效应模型,揭示行政边界影响下城市用地的扩张机理和演化特征。研究结果表明：行政边界对城市用地规模的直接影响效应不显著;行政边界通过对经济、人口等中间要素的影响间接作用于城市用地的扩张过程;1990—2010年的5个时间节点,京津冀城市用地行政边界效应的间接影响要素中,财政支出和非农业人口的主导作用明显,社会固定资产、实际利用外资和职工平均工资也在不同阶段发挥了不可忽视的作用;在社会经济发展水平较低、市场化和区域一体化滞后的阶段,社会固定资产是行政边界影响城市用地规模的重要间接要素,而在要素流动较为频繁的时期,实际利用外资和职工平均工资成为构筑在行政边界和城市用地规模间不可忽视的中间要素。本研究可为京津冀城市用地的理性扩张和城市开发边界的划定提供理论支持和政策建议。     

基于SEM的维修资源管理对机务人员不安全行为的影响研究

为减少维修差错导致的不安全事件,从维修资源管理对机务人员不安全行为的影响进行探讨,以团队合作、沟通交流、工作压力、领导能力、工作环境及惯例作为维修资源管理变量,考虑不安全行为意向对不安全行为的中介作用,提出了维修资源管理各因素对机务人员不安全行为的影响假设。通过实证分析,采用结构方程模型(SEM)的方法验证了维修资源管理各因素对机务人员不安全行为的影响假设。实证结果表明:维修资源管理各因素对机务人员不安全行为及意向有不同的影响作用。为机务人员的安全行为管理提供理论支持。     

中老缅泰交界地区土地利用变化信息挖掘与国别对比

基于Landsat TM/ETM数据,从土地利用空间分布特征、时空变化规律、土地利用程度三个方面,对中老缅泰交界地区1990-2010年土地利用变化特征进行分析。研究表明：① 橡胶园、茶园为增幅最大的土地利用类型,轮歇农地、建设用地、长期性农地也有一定幅度的增加,有林地、灌木林、草地、水域有所减少。② 有林地、灌木林之间的转移及其与长期农地、轮歇农地、橡胶园之间的转移,决定着中老缅泰交界地区土地利用变化特征。中老缅泰交界地区土地利用变化本质上受到市场经济、国家政策、人口迁移、基础设施建设等因素的影响。③ 橡胶园和茶园的时空变化基本表现为面积净值增加,空间位置交换变化非常小。长期农地面积变化不大,但存在较大幅度的空间位置转变;水域、轮歇农地变化以空间位置交换为主。草地、灌木林、有林地、建设用地交换变化和净变化比例相当。④ 1990-2010年,中老缅泰交界地区土地利用程度有所增加,其中,泰国境内土地利用程度最高,老挝和缅甸境内的土地利用程度最低。2000年后中老缅泰交界地区土地利用程度增幅明显加大。其中,中国和缅甸境内土地利用程度后期增幅减小,泰国境内土地利用程度后期增幅变大,老挝境内土地利用程度实现了由前期减少到后期增加的转变。