Environmental change,development and vectorborne disease: Malaysia’s experience with filariasis,scrub typhus and dengue

During Malaysia’s rapid economic development into becoming a middle income country in the past several decades, environmental changes resulted in altered land use patterns because of agricultural practices such as large scale rice, rubber and oil palm cultivation. The impact of environmental changes brought about by rice and rubber cultivation affected the breeding habitats of mosquito vectors which in turn affected the prevalence of two strains of lymphatic filariasis in different ways. With scrub typhus, the development of oil palm plantations affected the ecology of mite and rodent populations which resulted in very high incidence of the disease in affected populations. Malaysia’s relentless urbanization has resulted in increased incidence of dengue, as peridomestic mosquito vectors increasingly colonize urban habitats. This article discusses how ecological factors determine the way lymphatic filariasis, scrub typhus and dengue were spread in Malaysia. The nation’s experience with environmental changes due to rapid development provides lessons for other developing countries in control programs and public health policy.     

钢筋混凝土旧工业厂房主体结构的改造加固风险研究

为探索钢筋混凝土旧工业厂房的改造与加固风险,进行了实地调研和基础理论研究,借助SPSS 22.0统计软件对32个二级指标进行筛选,确立6个方面29个指标的改造加固风险评价指标体系,运用结构方程模型（SEM）实证分析关键影响因素及其作用路径。研究结果表明:设计方案、结构特征和施工技术对改造加固风险具有影响;结构特征与设计方案之间的强关联形成了隐性且重要的风险路径。基于关键影响因素及因素间关联关系,对宝鸡市某U型厂房主体结构加固实例提出建议,为此类项目的改造施工提供理论依据。     

建筑安全事故防范认知与主体身份特征关系诊断研究

为进一步研究建筑安全主体的身份特征对建筑安全事故防范认知的影响,通过分析现有文献,对建筑安全主体身份特征、建筑安全管理认知、建筑安全技术措施认知和建筑安全事故防范认知4个因素分别进行探讨,并提出其相互之间的关系假设。基于结构方程模型(SEM)方法,构建由4个因子16个观测变量组成的指标体系。采用LISREL8.53软件,验证因子及观测变量之间的关系。个案研究结果表明,主体身份特征对建筑安全管理认知、安全技术措施认知和建筑安全事故防范认知具有较强的社会属性效应,主体身份特征通过建筑安全管理认知、安全技术措施认知对建筑安全事故防范认知的正效应也比较明显。重塑建筑安全主体社会属性、加强安全管理和技术措施教育,均能有效提高建筑安全事故防范认知。     

基于时变失效的桥式起重机结构可靠性分析

为提高我国起重机产品的安全可靠性水平,用时变可靠性理论分析桥式起重机金属结构。以桥式起重机金属结构为研究对象,时变可靠性理论为基础,研究桥式起重机金属结构的载荷时变可靠性模型和抗力时变可靠性模型,建立桥式起重机金属结构失效状态的时变可靠性数学模型。通过工程算例分析,揭示金属结构抗力随时间衰减与否对可靠度与失效概率的影响,得到不同金属结构抗力衰减系数下桥式起重机主梁金属结构可靠度和失效概率。探索桥式起重机金属结构时变可靠性安全评估方法。对比金属结构抗力衰减系数分别为0.000 2和0.000 3时的分析结果,发现金属结构系统的可靠性随金属结构抗力衰减系数的增加而降低。     

Public perception of air pollution sources across Europe

Air pollution is one of the primary concerns of our society for its effect on human health and the environment. Among the policy measures that can be put in place to limit air pollutant emissions, end-of-pipe technologies and/or regulatory instruments may be implemented through legislative acts. Also, equally important are behavioural measures, requiring citizens’ active involvement. The success of any measure to limit pollutant emissions requires the acceptance by the citizens that, in turn, implies a correct perception of the main pollutant emission drivers. We present here the comparison between the public perception of air pollution sources and the real-world situation through a survey carried out in seven European countries and involving 16 101 respondents. Our study shows a dramatic underestimation of the contribution of the agri-food sector to air pollution. This result is common to all respondents in the seven countries examined and only to a small extent depends on gender, age and socio-economic status of the respondents.     

发展型心理契约视角下情感性组织安全文化对员工安全风险作用机理研究——基于国有煤炭企业的调研数据

为了探索情感性组织安全文化对员工安全风险的作用机理,从发展型心理契约视角出发,设计情感性组织安全文化、发展型心理契约及员工安全风险测度量表,采用结构方程方法分别构建了情感性组织安全文化对员工安全风险直接作用、间接作用和两种作用耦合情形下的作用模型。结果表明:"情感性组织安全文化"对"员工安全风险"有正向影响,"情感性组织安全文化"对"发展型心理契约"有显著正向影响,同时"发展型心理契约"对"员工安全风险"有显著正向影响;在以上直接作用和间接作用耦合情形下,"情感性组织安全文化"对"员工安全风险"不存在直接的正向作用,但"情感性组织安全文化"通过"发展型心理契约"对"员工安全风险"产生正向影响的效果更加显著。研究表明,通过情感性组织安全文化建设降低员工安全风险,融入促进员工发展型心理契约均衡因素,能起到事半功倍的效果。     

Transformational leadership and creativity: A meta‐analytic review and identification of an integrated model

We conduct a meta‐analytic review that yields important insights about the existing research on transformational leadership and creativity. Additionally, we propose and test an integrated model using meta‐analytic structural equation modeling (MASEM) and full information MASEM (FIMASEM) techniques to better understand the intervening mechanism through which transformational leadership acts on creativity. The results of the meta‐analysis of 127 studies show that most of the bivariate relationships among transformational leadership, employee creativity, and pre‐identified mediators are significant; further, geographic base of studies significantly moderates some of the relationships. The MASEM results indicate that several mediators intervene in the relationship between transformational leadership and creativity. Although the total effect of transformational leadership on creativity is positive, its direct effect is negative when mediators are included. Additionally, there are significant relationships among the mediators that can be theoretically supported, but have not been investigated in prior transformational leadership and creativity studies. On the basis of these findings, we provide conclusions and directions for future studies.     

利用碎片常数和结构因子法估测农药在正辛醇／水相中的分配系数

本文详细阐述了用碎片常数与结构因子法估测农药在正辛醇与水相体系中分配系数的方法，并对６０种农药分配系数的估测结果与用经典的摇瓶测试法得到的实测值进行了比较，结果表明：估测结果与实测值基本吻合，碎片常数和结构因子估测法可以作为获得农药分配系数的另一种途径。     

Dynamics of soil organic matter in primary and secondary forest succession on sandy soils in The Netherlands: An application of the ROMUL model

We applied the simulation model ROMUL of soil organic matter dynamics in order to analyse and predict forest soil organic matter (SOM) changes following stand growth and also to identify gaps of data and modelling problems. SOM build-up was analysed (a) from bare sand to forest soil during a primary succession in Scots pine forest and (b) on mature forest soil under Douglas fir plantations as an example of secondary succession in The Netherlands. As some of the experimental data were unreliable we compiled a set of various scenarios with different soil moisture regime, initial SOM pools and amount and quality of above and below ground litter input. This allowed us to find the scenarios that reflect the SOM dynamics more realistically. In the Scots pine forest, total litter input was estimated as 0.50 kg m⁻² year⁻¹. Two scenarios were defined for the test runs: (a) forest floor moisture regimes—‘dry, mesic and hydric’ and (b) augmenting a root litter pool with three ratios of needles and branches to roots: 1:1, 1:1.5 and 1:2.0. The scenario finally compiled had the following characteristics: (a) climate for dry site with summer drought and high winter moisture of forest floor; (b) a litter input of 0.25 kg m⁻² year⁻¹ above ground and 0.50 kg m⁻² year⁻¹ below ground; (c) a low nitrogen and ash content in all litter fall fractions. The test runs for the estimation of the initial SOM pools and the amount and proportion of above and below ground litter fall were also performed in the Douglas fir plantation. The inputs of above ground litter tested in various combinations were 0.30 and 0.60 kg m⁻² year⁻¹, and below ground litter 0.30, 0.60 and 0.90 kg m⁻² year⁻¹. The scenario that fitted the experimental data had an SOM pool of 20–25 kg m⁻², an aboveground litter input of 0.6 kg m⁻² year⁻¹and a below ground litter input of 0.9 kg m⁻² year⁻¹. The long-term simulation corresponded well with the observed patterns of soil organic matter accumulation associated with the forest soil development in primary and secondary succession. During primary succession in Scots pine forest on dry sand there is a consistent accumulation of a raw humus forest floor. The soil dynamics in the Douglas fir plantation also coincide with the observed patterns of SOM changes during the secondary succession, with SOM decreasing significantly under young forest, and SOM being restored in the older stands.