开放构造系低温矿床的几个重要特征──以四川大竹拱桥坝锶矿床为例

以四川大竹拱桥坝锶矿床为例，探讨了开放构造系低温矿床可能具有的某些重要特征。指出了低温矿床的矿石矿物组合及围岩蚀变简单；矿床具隐蔽垂向分带；成矿作用发生于浅成环境；浅层大气降水与深层建造水的混合导致了矿质的沉淀。     

Environmental degradation and remediation: is economics part of the problem?

It is argued that standard environmental economic and 'ecological economics', have the same fundamentals of valuation in terms of money, based on a demand curve derived from utilitymaximization. But this approach leads to three different measuresof value. An invariant measure of value exists only if the consumer has 'homothetic preferences'. In order to obtain a numerical estimate of value, specific functional forms are necessary, but typically these estimates do not converge. This is due to the fact that the underlying economic model is not structurally stable.According to neoclassical economics, any environmental remediation can be justified only in terms of increases in consumer satisfaction, balancing marginal gains against marginal costs. It is not surprising that the optimal policy obtained fromthis approach suggests only small reductions in greenhouse gases.We show that a unidimensional metric of consumer's utility measured in dollar terms can only trivialize the problem of global climate change.     

Consequences and Correctives Related to Lake Acidification, Liming and Mercury in Fish – A Case-Study for Lake Huljesjön, Sweden, Using the LakeWeb-model

This work exemplifies how a given lake (Lake Huljesjön, Sweden) would likely respond to changes in pH-values and to liming (a standard measure against anthropogenic acidification). The basic questions are: How would a liming influence pH? How long would the changes last? How would the changes influence the structure and function of lake ecosystems? The work uses a comprehensive lake ecosystem model, LakeWeb, which accounts for production, biomasses, predation, abiotic/biotic interactions of nine key functional groups of organisms, phytoplankton, bacterioplankton, two types of zooplankton (herbivorous and predatory), two types of fish (prey and predatory), zoobenthos, macrophytes and benthic algae. LakeWeb is a dynamic model and gives weekly variations. It has been critically tested using empirical data and regressions from many lakes. Those tests are not presented here but have shown that the model can capture typical functional and structural patterns in lakes very well. This gives credibility to the results presented in this work, which would be very costly to obtain in the traditional manner by extensive field studies in one or a few lakes. This work presents for the first time predictions at the ecosystem level of how functional groups of organisms (and not individual species) are likely to respond to acidification and liming. Two existing dynamic models, one for liming, the other for Hg-concentrations in fish, have been added to the LakeWeb-model. These two models have previously been tested and proven to yield good predictions. The results presented here indicate that there are several probable changes in the structure and function of the lake foodweb related to acidification and liming. The predicted changes in macrophyte cover will influence the predation pressure on fish, and thereby the fish biomass. Reductions in primary production at low pH-values will cause reductions in fish biomass. There are several interesting compensatory effects between factors that increase fish biomass and factors that tend to decrease the biomass. Such matters can be handled quantitatively by the LakeWeb-model.     

太湖典型湖区中胶体有机碳浓度的时空变化

利用切向流超滤技术研究了太湖梅梁湾与贡湖湾2个不同生态类型的典型湖区在不同季节胶体有机碳(COC)的浓度变化,并同步观测了浮游植物、叶绿素(Chla)、悬浮物(SS)等背景指标.结果表明,作为藻型湖区的梅梁湾,其COC浓度夏季最高,秋季最低;作为草型湖区的贡湖湾.其COC浓度在秋季最高,冬季最低;太湖梅梁湾和贡湖湾COC浓度的差异和季节变化有关,夏季梅梁湾COC浓度高于贡湖湾,差异为一年中最大;太湖水体COC浓度和Chla浓度显著正相关(r=0.81,P=0.015),表明浮游植物的生命活动址太湖水体COC的一个重要来源.     

鄂西丹水流域岩溶水流系统圈划与结构模式

鄂西丹水岩溶流域内碳酸盐岩与非碳酸盐岩的组合关系复杂,地表水与地下水的转化频繁,岩溶水资源开发利用评价难度极大.为服务后续岩溶区水资源开发利用和保护规划的编制,通过水文地质现场调查和分析的方法,在地球系统科学和水循环理论的指导下,提出丹水流域岩溶水流系统的划分方法.该方法遵从完整性和级次性原则,按照从整体到局部、从空间...     

苏北沿海地区农户耕地利用行为意愿及影响因素分析

随着快速城市化以及农村劳动力转移,长三角区域欠发达地区乡村耕地资源利用呈现新特征,从主体角度开展该区域耕地资源利用研究对乡村治理以及农业高质量发展具有重要影响。以江苏盐城和南通为例,通过问卷调查以及结构方程模型,分析农户耕地资源利用行为意向及影响因素。结果表明：苏北沿海地区不同耕地规模农户的耕地利用行为意向存在显著性差异。农户耕地资源利用行为意愿主要直接受到农户户主个人及家庭特征和耕地资源禀赋特征两个因素影响,政策认知以及技术与资金使用对其产生间接影响且程度较弱。苏北沿海地区乡村治理过程中亟需进一步开展农户分类管理与引导,促进耕地适度规模化经营,加强农户技能与政策培训,探索农业服务新模式,促进耕地资源精准管理、农业高质量发展以及乡村振兴等目标实现。     

中小城市居民垃圾分类行为影响因素——以张家港市为例

为识别中小城市居民分类行为的影响因素和决策机制,本文构建了中小城市居民垃圾分类行为决策模型,并以江苏省张家港市为例,运用结构方程拟合与修正,分析了主客观因素对居民分类行为的影响,并与大城市相关研究进行了比较.结果表明：张家港市垃圾分类参与率达95%,高于一、二线大城市.对于张家港市居民而言,“行为意愿”是影响其分类行为最显著的因素,其次是“环保意识”和“社会影响”;“经济回报”和“法规影响”的显著性较低,尚未发挥应有的激励作用;“分类知识掌握程度”和“时间花费”的影响不显著.总体来看,主观意识（敏感性系数：0.629）仍是影响中小城市居民分类行为的主导因素,但在强制垃圾分类背景下,随着分类设施的建设完善、法律法规的颁布和社区管制加强,其影响作用趋于减弱,而客观环境对应的显著观测变量更多,对居民分类行为的影响逐渐增强,将是政府制定管理政策的有效发力点.     

焦作市雨水中重金属特征

对焦作市的降水的pH值、重金属浓度进行监测和分析,并分析其中的重金属浓度变化规律以及与pH值、温度、降雨量、其采样间气象条件的关系,从而推测出当前焦作市的空气污染状况。结果表明：焦作市高新区属于弱酸雨区。其中重金属平均含量大小依次为Fe〉Cu〉Mn〉Zn〉Pb〉Ni;样品中Fe的浓度较高,且受pH值和降雨量的影响较大;Cu的含量基本上均在0．08mg／1-0．10mg／l以内,同时其浓度与降雨量呈正相关;Mn的浓度远远低于Fe的浓度,且在样品5和11中浓度达到峰值;Zn的浓度较高,且在样品5和17中浓度达到峰值。Ni和Pb的含量较低;Pb的浓度与pH值呈负相关,Cu、Zn、Mn、Fe四种金属的浓度变化与pH值的相关性总体上呈正线性相关。其相关系数大小依次RMn〉RFe〉RZn〉RCu;Cu、Zn、Mn、Fe四种金属的浓度变化与样品总体积的相关性总体上Cu、Zn呈正线性相关,Mn、Fe呈负线性相关。其相关系数大小依次RFe〉RMn〉RCu〉RZn.     

Removal of heavy metals from aqueous solution by sawdust adsorption

The adsorption of lead, cadmium and nicel from aqueous solution by sawdust of walnut was investigated. The effect of contact time, initial metal ion concentration and temperature on metal ions removal has been studied. The equilibrium time was found to be of the order of 60 min. Kinetics fit pseudo first-order, second-order and intraparticle diffusion models, hence adsorption rate constants were calculated. The adsorption data of metal ions at temperatures of 25, 45 and 60~C have been described by the Freundlich and Langmuir isotherm models. The thermodynamic parameters such as energy, entropy and enthalpy changes for the adsorption of heavy metal ions have also been computed and discussed. Ion exchange is probably one of the major adsorption mechanisms for binding divalent metal ions to the walnut sawdust. The selectivity order of the adsorbent is Pb（I1）~Cd（II）〉Ni（I1）. From these results, it can be concluded that the sawdust of walnut could be a good adsorbent for the metal ions from aqueous solutions.     

Fetal presentation of morquio disease type A

A fetus with mucopolysaccharidosis type IV A (Morquio type A) is described. The family had one affected child exhibiting symptoms of classical Morquio A disease, and late in the subsequent pregnancy prenatal diagnosis was requested. At 23 weeks' gestation, moderate ascites was detected by detailed ultrasound scan and keratan sulphate was found in the amniotic fluid. The pregnancy was terminated by prostaglandin induction and the diagnosis of mucopolysaccharidosis type IV A was confirmed by demonstration of a deficiency of N-acetylgalactosamine-6-sulphate (GalNac-6-S) sulphatase in cultured amniotic cells and in post-mortem fibroblast cultures. The activities of β-galactosidase and arylsulphatase A were normal, ruling out Morquio disease type B and multiple sulphatase deficiency. These results indicate that mucopolysaccharidosis IV A (a disease that predominantly affects the skeletal system) may produce ascites in the fetus to such an extent that it can be detected by ultrasound.