Geochronology and geochemistry of eclogites from the Mariánské Lázne Complex, Czech Republic: Implications for Variscan orogenesis

The Mariánské LáznM870K21588067504/xxlarge283.gif" alt="ecaron" align="BASELINE" border="0"> complex (MLC) is located in the Bohemian Massif along the north-western margin of the Teplá-Barrandian microplate and consists of metagabbro, amphibolite and eclogite, with subordinate amounts of serpentinite, felsic gneiss and calcsilicate rocks. The MLC is interpreted as a metaophiolite complex that marks the suture zone between the Saxothuringian rocks to the north-west and the Teplá-Barrandian microplate to the south-east. Sm-Nd geochronology of garnet-omphacite pairs from two eclogite samples yields ages of 377±7, and 367±4 Ma. Samples of eclogite and amphibolite do not define a whole rock Sm-Nd isochron, even though there is a large range in Sm/Nd ratio, implying that the suite of samples may not be cogenetic. Eclogites do not have correlated ^{M870K21588067504/xxlarge603.gif" alt="epsiv" align="BASELINE" border="0">} _Nd values and initial ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr ratios. Five of the eight eclogite samples have high ^{M870K21588067504/xxlarge603.gif" alt="epsiv" align="BASELINE" border="0">} _Nd values (+10.2 to +7.1) consistent with derivation from a MORB-like source, but variable ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr ratios (0.7033 to 0.7059) which probably reflect hydrothermal seawater alteration. Three other eclogite samples have lower M870K21588067504/xxlarge603.gif" alt="epsiv" align="BASELINE" border="0">_Nd values (+ 5.4 to –0.8) and widely variable ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr ratios (0.7033 to 0.7096). Such low M870K21588067504/xxlarge603.gif" alt="epsiv" align="BASELINE" border="0">_Nd values are inconsistent with derivation from a MORB, source and may reflect a subduction or oceanic island basalt component in their source. The MLC is an important petrotectonic element in the Bohemian Massif, providing evidence for Cambro-Ordovician formation of oceanic crust and interaction with seawater, Late Devonian (Frasnian-Famennian) high- and medium-pressure metamorphism related to closure of a Saxothuringian ocean basin, Early Carboniferous (Viséan) thrusting of the Teplá terrane over Saxothuringian rocks and Late Viséan extension.     

Influences of accumulated mileage and technological changes on emissions of regulated pollutants from gasoline passenger vehicles

In this study, the influences of accumulated mileage(deterioration) and technological changes(emission standards) on emission factors(EFs) of regulated pollutants(CO, HC, and NO_x) from gasoline passenger vehicles were investigated based on Inspection and Maintenance(I/M) data using the chassis dynamometer method. The accumulated mileage of passenger vehicles was significantly linearly correlated with vehicle age. For most cases,the average EFs of CO, HC and NO_x were significantly linearly correlated with accumulated mileage, indicating that emission deterioration had a significant impact on pollutant EFs.Implemented emission standards markedly influenced the EFs of regulated pollutants, and EFs markedly decreased with progressing emission standards. The present study also compared EFs of regulated pollutants between this study and the International vehicle emission(IVE) model, and marked differences in EFs were seen with variations in emission standards, vehicle types and accumulated mileage; NO_x EFs in this study were higher than in the IVE model. The results provide new insight into estimating regulated pollutant emissions using the IVE model.     

Effect of Fe-chelating complexes on a novel M2FC performance with ferric chloride and ferricyanide catholytes

As an effort to better utilize the microbial fuel cell (MFC) technology, we previously proposed an innovative MFC system named M2FC consisting of ferric-based MFC part and ferrous-based fuel cell (FC) part. In this reactor, ferric ion, the catholyte in the MFC part, was efficiently regenerated by the FC part with the generation of additional electricity. When both units were operated separately, the ferric-based MFC part produced approximately 1360 mW m⁻² of power density with FeCl₃ as catholyte and Fe-citrate as anolyte. The ferrous-based FC part with FeCl₃ as catholyte and Fe-EDTA as anolyte displayed the highest power density (1500 mW m⁻²), while that with ferricyanide as catholyte and Fe-noligand as anolyte had the lowest power density (380 mW m⁻²). The types of catholytes and chelating complexes as anolyte were found to play important roles in the reduction of ferric ions and oxidation of ferrous ion. Linear sweep voltammetry results supported that the cathode electrolytes were electrically active and these agreed well with the M2FC reactor performance. These results clearly showed that ligands played critical role in the efficiency and rate for recycling iron ion and thus the M2FC performance.     

Corporate social responsibility in the mining industry: Perspectives from stakeholder groups in Argentina

Since the liberalisation of its investment regime in the 1990s, Argentina has seen a rise in foreign direct investment into large-scale exploration and exploitation of mineral resources. However, many social groups (local communities, grassroots movement and the church) often strongly oppose new mining projects on the grounds of environmental, ethical and economic concerns. In a situation marked by widespread conflict, mining companies continue operating and develop Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) initiatives which are often promoted as a means of contributing to the sustainability and development of the nation. The paper develops a framework to highlight how the principles of stakeholder theory could be used as conceptual and practical guidance for conflict-resolution oriented CSR policies. The framework is further used to analyse two case studies of conflictive mining projects in Argentina. The paper explores how key stakeholders perceive contribution of CSR to welfare and the socio-economic development of mining communities and sustainable development of the nation. It demonstrates that institutional and social stakeholder networks often strongly oppose the idea of voluntary self-regulation implied by CSR in situations characterised by weak governance. Even though the CSR of companies could be improved in areas of corporate communication, transparency, stakeholder engagement and dialogue, it is not seen as a panacea for the social conflicts in the sector.     

基于模糊综合评判的汶川8.0级地震重灾区滑坡泥石流气候风险评估

用1971-2000年的30年逐日降水量资料,按旬统计汶川地震重灾县5-12月各旬的雨日、中雨日、大雨日、暴雨日的平均日数和气候概率,根据地震重灾区实际地质环境条件,降低强降雨强度条件,基于模糊综合评判法,按照最大隶属度原则对汶川特大地震重灾区的39个县进行地质灾害时空气候风险评估。结果表明:重灾区的地质灾害气候风险指数值存在两个高值期间,一个是5月中旬至7月上旬,另一个是8月下旬至9月下旬。而10月下旬至次年4月,重灾区降雨明显减少,绝大部分地区没有地质灾害气候风险;从地域分布来看,高风险区域主要集中在重灾区的西部和中部,风险等级为3～4级(风险较大或很大),东部地区风险等级为1～2级(中等风险或风险较小),但7月下旬高等级风险区位置集中在重灾区的南部和东部。     

A SWOT analysis of environmental management practices in Greek Mining and Mineral Industry

Over the last two decades, mining and mineral exploration companies have adopted various environmental management practices in response to society’s pressure for better environmental protection. The literature highlights a number of benefits and challenges for companies adopting environmental management practices with the Greek Mining and Mineral Industry (GMMI) facing similar issues. In order to analyze the challenges faced by the GMMI, a Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities and Threats (SWOT) analysis was conducted, which examined the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats faced by the industry when adopting environmental management practices. The analysis prescribes policy recommendations both for the government and industry which, if adopted, could facilitate improved environmental performance.     

从“土法改进”谈救灾帐篷居住环境的改善——以汶川8.0级地震救灾为例

帐篷在救灾过程中发挥着巨大作用,但内部热湿环境比较恶劣,空温、内表面均温都超出了人体所能适应的范围,严重影响灾区群众的身心健康。汶川8.0级地震的灾区群众利用一些土方法如搭遮阳网等对帐篷进行了改进。通过对门窗封闭和门窗开启情况下改进的帐篷与普通帐篷室内温度、相对湿度、内表面均温的对比,发现采取一些简单的改进方法能取得意想不到的效果,可以有效的降低帐篷内部温度和内表面均温,从而降低帐篷内的当量有效温度,改善帐篷内居住环境。从而得到很大启示,提出了一些在帐篷使用过程中的改善措施以及结构改进的方向。     

微囊藻粗毒素对叙利亚地鼠胚胎细胞的二阶段促癌作用研究

应用体外叙利亚金黄鼠胚胎细胞（SHE）二阶段恶性转化试验,村由太湖水中提取的微囊藻粗毒素（MRT）的促癌作用进行了研究。结果表明,微囊藻粗毒素可明显增强由低剂量3－甲基胆蒽（MCA）启动的细胞恶性转化作用,所形成的转化率明最高于阴性对照组（P0＜0.01）,并呈良好的剂量反应关系,但用微囊藻粗毒素作启动剂,以典型的促癌剂豆蔻酸乙酸大戟二萜醇酯（TPA）促进后未见恶性转化率升高。提示微囊藻粗毒素可能是环境中一种新的促癌剂,是饮致癌的重要因素之一。     

钢罐采样-GC/MS法测定隧道空气中VOCs

使用PAMS和T0—15混合标准气体,采用钢罐采样-气相色谱／质谱法监测上海市某越江隧道空气中挥发性有机物,介绍了采样和测定方法,试验共检出78种化合物,查明了隧道空气中挥发性有机物的种类和组成。     

微波消解-原子荧光光谱法同时测定白洋淀芦苇中砷和镉

采用微波消解一氢化物发生原子荧光光谱法同时测定芦苇中砷和镉,优化了试验条件。砷在0ug／L-80．0ug／L、镉在0ug／L～10．0ug／L范围内线性良好,检出限分别为0．010ug／L和0．012ug／L,样品测定的RSD为0．7％-2．0％,平均加标回收率为84．0％～107％。