低温等离子体与絮凝剂处理印染废水的协同效应

采用低温等离子体和絮凝剂协同处理印染废水.结果表明,染料废水脱色率和COD去除率随输入电压增大和放电时间延长而增加;电极间距、废水初始浓度、通入空气流量等因素对印染废水处理效果也有很大影响;气相中放电效果优于液相中放电,阳极电极在液面以上8mm左右时放电效果最好,在其他条件不变情况下随废水初始浓度和通入空气流量增大废水脱色和COD脱除率先增大再减小,有一最佳峰值.印染废水先经过等离子体处理后再加入絮凝剂处理效果优于先加絮凝剂后放电、仅有等离子体放电的过程.在本实验中初始浓度200mg/L(CODCr初始值572)印染废水在外加电压40kV、放电时间20min、电极间距8mm、通入空气流量16L/h条件下,与絮凝剂PAC相互协同作用可达到96%脱色率、63%COD去除率.     

Characteristics of contaminants in water and sediment of a constructed wetland treating piggery wastewater effluent

Constructed wetland (CW) is the preferred means of controlling water quality because of its natural treatment mechanisms and function as a secondary or tertiary treatment unit. CW is increasingly applied in Korea for secondary effluent of livestock wastewater treatment. This study was conducted to recognize the characteristics of contaminants in the accumulated sediment at the bottom soil layer and to reduce the phosphorus release from sediments of the free water surface CW for the treatment of secondary piggery wastewater effluent from a livestock wastewater treatment facility. The results revealed that the dominant phosphorus existence types at near the inlet of the CW were non-apatite phosphorus (59%) and residual phosphorus (32%) suggesting that most of the particles of the influent are made up of inorganic materials and dead cells. Sediment accumulation is important when determining the long-term maintenance requirements over the lifetime of CW. Continuous monitoring will be performed for a further assessment of the CW system and design.     

Characteristics of contaminants in water and sediment of a constructed wetland treating piggery wastewater e uent

Constructed wetland (CW) is the preferred means of controlling water quality because of its natural treatment mechanisms and function as a secondary or tertiary treatment unit. CW is increasingly applied in Korea for secondary e uent of livestock wastewater treatment. This study was conducted to recognize the characteristics of contaminants in the accumulated sediment at the bottom soil layer and to reduce the phosphorus release from sediments of the free water surface CW for the treatment of secondary piggery wastewater e uent from a livestock wastewater treatment facility. The results revealed that the dominant phosphorus existence types at near the inlet of the CW were non-apatite phosphorus (59%) and residual phosphorus (32%) suggesting that most of the particles of the influent are made up of inorganic materials and dead cells. Sediment accumulation is important when determining the long-term maintenance requirements over the lifetime of CW. Continuous monitoring will be performed for a further assessment of the CW system and design.     

Evaluation of phosphorus removal from wastewater by soils in rural areas in China

Low-cost, easy-maintenance and high-e ciency decentralized wastewater treatment technologies are urgently needed in rural areas of China. Processes with high potential for phosphorus removal are of great interest. However, commonly used treatment methods often do not meet the strict criteria for removing phosphorus from rural wastewater. In order to search an economic and simple technology for phosphorus removal from the common bio-technologies e uent, seven soil types collected from di erent rural areas in China were investigated for their ability to remove phosphorus. X-ray di raction (XRD) was used to analyse the mineral structure, and inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometer (ICP-OES) was used to analyse the geochemical composition of the soil samples. Three primary minerals – quartz, albite and montmorillonite – were clearly detected. The samples were divided into two soil types, acidic soils and alkaline soils, based on their pH values. The geochemical composition study indicated that a higher percentage of Ca and Mg occurred in alkaline soils (pH > 8) than in acidic soils (pH < 6.5). Adsorption isotherms from batch experiments fitted the Langmuir and Freundlich models well, the maximum P adsorption capacities ranged from 0.256 to 1.598 mg P/g, indicating a high phosphorus removal potential for all of these soils. The P fractions extracted revealed that the sum of NaOH-extracted inorganic P (NaOH-Pi) was the major P component in the acidic soils, and CaCO3-bound phosphorus (Ca-P) in the alkaline soils. Dynamic adsorption simulation showed that these soils have the ability to remove phosphorus from wastewater.     

Production of a newly isolated Paenibacillus polymyxa biocontrol agent using monosodium glutamate wastewater and potato wastewater

A phyllosphere bacterial strain EBL-06 was isolated from wheat leaves. The morphology, cultural characteristics, phospholipid fatty acids, physiological and antagonistic fungus activities of this strain were investigated. A phylogenetic tree was constructed by comparing with the published 16S rDNA sequences of the relevant bacteria. The results showed that the isolate EBL-06 was a strain of Paenibacillus polymyxa; this strain performed a high level of antagonistic fungus activity toward a broad spectrum of phytopathogens, such as Botrytis cinerea, Cladosporium cucumerinum, Fusarium spp. The isolate EBL-06 can grow well using monosodium glutamate wastewater (MGW) and potato wastewater (PW) as culture medium. The maximum yield of 6.5 × 10 9 CFU/mL of the isolate EBL-06 anti-fungus biocontrol agent was reached in 15 hr cultivation at 28°C, pH 6.0–7.5 using the mixture of MGW and PW (1:9).     

厌氧氨氧化工艺处理高氨氮养殖废水研究

以典型高浓度养殖废水经UASB-短程亚硝化工艺处理后的出水为对象,采用厌氧氨氧化工艺进行脱氮处理研究.以反硝化污泥启动厌氧氨氧化反应器,在此基础上,通过试验确定最佳进水氨氮负荷应处于0.2 kg/(m³·d)左右,系统的HRT定为2 d;通过对系统运行条件研究发现,最佳运行条件为：pH为7.50左右,温度为30℃且系统不需投加有机碳源.在优化条件下,系统最终氨氮去除率能达到85％以上,亚硝态氮去除率达到95％以上,系统运行效果良好,且具有重现性.最后通过动力学理论分析得出氨氮的降解速率为0.012 6 d^－1,亚硝态氮的降解速率为0.013 1 d^-1.通过研究以期为后续工艺、神经网络模拟及“UASB-短程亚硝化-厌氧氨氧化-土地系统"组合新工艺的工程推广应用提供一定的理论依据.     

A+OSA活性污泥工艺剩余污泥减量特性研究

采用自动热量计对Anoxic (A) + oxic-settling-anaerobic(OSA)系统解偶联池进出污泥进行热值分析,以考察污泥量变动与能值变动的相互关系;通过解偶联池参数调整,了解污泥减量趋势,结合能量和物质平衡与常规水质指标测试,推测减量途径和特性.结果表明,解偶联池水力停留时间为5.56、 7.14和9 h时,整个系统污泥减量分别为1.236、 0.771和0.599 g/d.进出解偶联池的污泥含能水平发生了变化,随停留时间增加出流污泥的单位热值有高于进流污泥单位热值的趋势：5.56 h时,进出水热值没有显著差异;7.14 h时,进出水热值差值在99～113 J/g之间;9 h时,差值在191～329 J/g之间.解偶联池发生了污泥的衰减,停留时间延长,衰减程度越高.A+OSA系统污泥减量是解偶联池污泥衰减与AO主体反应区污泥产生率变化共同作用的结果.     

电气石强化生物接触氧化法处理石化废水

针对石化废水污染成分复杂,可生化性差的特点,研究了电气石对生物接触氧化法处理石化废水效能的影响对处理前后的石化废水进行了GC-MS分析,并对反应器内的载体进行了扫描电镜(SEM)观察在石化废水进水COD和NH₄⁺-N负荷率为0.64～0.72 kg/(m³·d)和0.058～0.072 kg/(m³·d)的条件下,负载电气石系统的启动速度提高,出水COD和NH₄⁺-N去除率分别 增加8.7％和6.4％进水中共检出100种有机物污染物,主要包含芳香烃、酸、酯、酚、醇和烷烃类等化合物.负载电气石的1号反应器对石化废水中有机污染物的去除效果优于未负载电气石的2号反应器,在1号和2号反应器的出水中,有机污染物种类分别是14种和28种反应器内负载电气石的载体上有明显的菌胶团形成,细菌的生物量大电气石能够提高生物接触氧化法处理石化废水的效能     

沸石床多级生物膜焦化废水处理系统的NH_~4+-N去除稳定性研究

焦化废水处理中预处理蒸氨工艺不稳定容易引起生物处理出水NH+4-N的波动,为了在有机物去除的同时提高生物系统对NH+4-N的去除效果和稳定性,采用对NH+4-N有良好吸附性能的天然斜发沸石为生物填料构建沸石床多级生物膜系统,考察了进水负荷对系统运行稳定性的影响、抗冲击负荷能力以及系统的功能分区和污染物迁移转化规律.结果表明,当系统进水NH+4-N负荷≤0.21 kg/(m3·d)、COD负荷≤1.35 kg/(m3·d)时,出水NH+4-N和COD的平均浓度分别为(2.2±1.2)mg/L和(228±60)mg/L,平均去除率分别达(99.1±0.5)%和(86.0±2.6)%.在低、高两次NH+4-N冲击负荷[0.03 kg/(m3·d)和0.06 kg/(m3·d)]条件下,系统对NH+4-N的平均去除率仍然分别高达99.0%和92.9%,高于对比系统的96.8%和89.3%,表现出良好的抗NH+4-N冲击负荷性能与处理稳定性.系统好氧单元反应器沿程出现脱碳/硝化功能区(C/N区)和硝化功能区(N区),其中N区的NH+4-N 降解速率为C/N区的2～8倍.系统进水中相对分子质量＜1×103、 1×103～1×104、＞1×104的TOC浓度分别为227.6、104.8和35.0 mg/L,处理出水中的TOC浓度分别为31.2、 22.9和31.5 mg/L,其中相对分子质量＜1×103和1×103～1×104这2个范围的有机物降解良好,出水残余物质主要为相对分子质量＞1×103的有机物.     

碳源类型对A~2O系统脱氮除磷的影响

采用52.5 L的A2O反应器,以乙酸和丙酸分别作为进水唯一碳源,系统研究了进水碳源类型对脱氮除磷和代谢过程的影响.结果表明,在进水COD为250 mg/L左右,NH+4-N为52 mg/L左右的条件下,原水碳源类型对TN的去除影响不大,系统TN去除率均在65%左右.进水碳源类型对TP的去除及相应污泥中PHA的类型、含量和代谢及糖原的变化影响较大.乙酸为唯一碳源时,厌氧区放磷浓度较高,污泥中PHA的成分主要为PHB和PHV,两者在厌氧区的合成量差别不大,PHB在随后的反应过程中变化较大,对除磷代谢过程起主要作用,而PHV的变化较小.丙酸作为进水唯一碳源时,厌氧区的放磷浓度偏低,主要合成PHV,几乎不含PHB,PHV在随后吸磷过程中浓度变化较大,对除磷代谢起主要作用,而且出水TP浓度偏低.碳源类型对污泥中糖原的代谢也有影响,乙酸为碳源时糖原的含量高,变化范围也较大,丙酸为碳源时糖原的变化幅度较小.在同步脱氮除磷系统中,与乙酸相比,丙酸是一种更合适的碳源.