重介质加载磁分离矿井水净化技术在亭南煤矿的应用

为了提高矿井水出水水质指标,有效降低废水排放对环境的影响,实现环境保护和水资源重复利用,亭南煤矿实施了矿井水处理站扩容改造工程。该工程采用重介质加载磁分离矿井水净化技术,使处理后的矿井水全部达到工业生产用水水质要求和排放标准,详细介绍了该技术的原理和特点,并对工程实施后的效果进行了经济效益分析。应用结果表明,该技术对煤炭行业高悬浮物矿井水的净化处理具有一定的优势,具有占地面积小、处理效率高等特点。     

Determining work-brush interface temperature in magnetic abrasive finishing process

Magnetic abrasive finishing (MAF) is a process in which the work surface is finished by removing the material in the form of micro chips by magnetic abrasive particles (MAPs) in the presence of magnetic field in the finishing zone. During the MAF process, the frictional heat is generated at the workpiece surface due to the rubbing action of magnetic abrasive particles with the work surface. The order of temperature rise is important to study, as finishing mechanism and surface integrity of work materials depend upon it. The measurement of temperature distribution during MAF operation at the interface of work piece and flexible magnetic abrasive brush (FMAB) interface is difficult. In the present analysis, finite element based ANSYS software has been used to model and simulate magnetic field distribution, magnetic pressure and temperature distribution at work-brush interface during the process. In this work the maximum magnetic flux density has been simulated of the order of 0.223 T at 0.91 A of current in electromagnet coil. Magnetic pressure on MAPs due to magnetic field of electromagnetic coil has been calculated to evaluate the frictional heat flux generated at the work-brush interface. Transient thermal analysis of workpiece domain has been performed to predict the temperature rise due to frictional heat flux. The predicted temperature on work-brush interface was found in the range of 34–51 °C. The developed simulation results based on FEA have been validated with experimental findings.     

Selective oxidation of benzyl alcohols to benzoic acid catalyzed by eco-friendly cobalt thioporphyrazine catalyst supported on silica-coated magnetic nanospheres

A novel magnetically recoverable thioporphyrazine catalyst (CoPz(S-Bu)8/SiO2@Fe3O4) was prepared by immobilization of the cobalt octkis(butylthio) porphyrazine complex (CoPz(S-Bu)8) on silica-coated magnetic nanospheres (SiO2@Fe3O4). The composite CoPz(S-Bu)8/SiO2@Fe3O4 appeared to be an active catalyst in the oxidation of benzyl alcohol in aqueous solution using hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) as oxidant under Xe-lamp irradiation, with 36.4% conversion of benzyl alcohol, about 99% selectivity for benzoic acid and turnover number (TON) of 61.7 at ambient temperature. The biomimetic catalyst CoPz(S-Bu)8 was supported on the magnetic carrier SiO2@Fe3O4 so as to suspend it in aqueous solution to react with substrates, utilizing its lipophilicity. Meanwhile the CoPz(S-Bu)8 can use its unique advantages to control the selectivity of photocatalytic oxidation without the substrate being subjected to deep oxidation. The influence of various reaction parameters on the conversion rate of benzyl alcohol and selectivity of benzoic acid was investigated in detail. Moreover, photocatalytic oxidation of substituted benzyl alcohols was obtained with high conversion and excellent selectivity, specifically conversion close to 70%, selectivity close to 100% and TON of 113.6 for para-position electron-donating groups. The selectivity and eco-friendliness of the biomimetic photocatalyst give it great potential for practical applications.     

Removal of natural organic matter by cationic hydrogel with magnetic properties

Magnetic cationic hydrogel (MCH) was synthesized, and its removal efficiency and mechanisms in regard to natural organic matter (NOM, represented by humic acid and fulvic acid) from the aqueous environment were studied. The effects of time, adsorbent dosage, initial pH, ionic strength, background ions, and NOM types were also investigated. MCH was characterized and found to have a strong magnetic character, yielding an extra advantage for recycling and reuse. Batch studies showed that the removal of Aldrich humic acid (AHA) by MCH was effective. The main mechanism for the removal of NOM is believed to be due to electrostatic interaction. NOM with larger molecular weight tended to be preferentially removed. Solutions with low pH, high ionic strength, and background electrolytes containing calcium, sulfate and bicarbonate were unfavorable for AHA removal. The adsorption-desorption of MCH was evaluated in three cycles, and demonstrated high regeneration rates.     

磁性活性炭吸附苯酚的初步研究

本文研究了磁性活性炭对苯酚的吸附性能;探讨了Cd2＋对苯酚在磁性活性炭上吸附的影响。目的是对磁性活性炭进行研究,以及为在实际废水中吸附处理苯酚提供参考。结果表明,磁性活性炭对苯酚的吸附过程符合拟二级动力学模型,R2为0.9935;与Freundlich吸附模型相比,Langmuir吸附模型能更好地描述磁性活性炭对苯酚的吸附行为;在不影响去除率的情况下,Cd2＋的存在使苯酚吸附处理最佳浓度由30 mg/L增大至50 mg/L;同时,Cd2＋对磁性活性炭和活性炭吸附苯酚分别具有促进和抑制作用。针对苯酚的吸附去除率,当无Cd2＋时,磁性活性炭的比活性炭的低10.65%～20.2%;当有Cd2＋时,磁性活性炭的比活性炭的高0.3%～7.71%。     

Magnetic polyamidoamine dendrimers for magnetic separation and sensitive determination of organochlorine pesticides from water samples by high-performance liquid chromatography

Organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) have received much attention due to their toxicity. Reliable methods to monitor their residues in the environment are needed. Here, magnetic polyamidoamine dendrimers were prepared by co-precipitation, Michael addition, and amidation. The magnetic polyamidoamine dendrimers demonstrated good adsorption ability for OCPs—this feature was utilized to construct a sensitive tool for monitoring OCPs in water samples. The proposed method provided remarkable linearity from 0.1 to 500 μg/L and satisfactory limits of detection from 0.012 to 0.029 μg/L. The spiked recoveries of the four target analytes were 91.8%?103.5% with relative standard deviations less than 4.5%. The magnetic materials had good reusability. The results indicated that the resulting method was an efficient, easy, rapid, economical, and eco-friendly tool for monitoring OCPs in aqueous samples.     

Destructing surfactant network in nanoemulsions by positively charged magnetic nanorods to enhance oil-water separation

The separation of ultrafine oil droplets from wasted nanoemulsions stabilized with high concentration of surfactants is precondition for oil reuse and the safe discharge of effluent. However, the double barriers of the interfacial film and network structures formed by surfactants in nanoemulsions significantly impede the oil-water separation. To destroy these surfactant protective layers, we proposed a newly-developed polyethyleneimine micelle template approach to achieve simultaneous surface charge manipulation and morphology transformation of magnetic nanospheres to magnetic nanorods. The results revealed that positively charged magnetic nanospheres exhibited limited separation performance of nanoemulsions, with a maximum chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal of 50%, whereas magnetic nanorods achieved more than 95% COD removal in less than 30 s. The magnetic nanorods were also applicable to wasted nanoemulsions from different sources and exhibited excellent resistance to wide pH changes. Owing to their unique one-dimensional structure, the interfacial dispersion of magnetic nanorods was significantly promoted, leading to the efficient capture of surfactants and widespread destruction of both the interfacial film and network structure, which facilitated droplet merging into the oil phase. The easy-to-prepare and easy-to-tune strategy in this study paves a feasible avenue to simultaneously tailor surface charge and morphology of magnetic nanoparticles, and reveals the huge potential of morphology manipulation for producing high-performance nanomaterials to be applied in complex interfacial interaction process. We believe that the newly-developed magnetic-nanorods significantly contribute to hazardous oily waste remediation and advances technology evolution toward problematic oil-pollution control.     

Determination of 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid in food and water samples using a modified graphene oxide sorbent and high-performance liquid chromatography

Abstract

In the present work, dispersive micro-solid phase extraction (D-μ-SPE) method using magnetic graphene oxide tert-butylamine (GO/Fe₃O₄/TBA) nanocomposite, as an efficient sorbent, was applied for determining 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) in water and food samples. Detection was carried out using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) instrument. Influential parameters of D-μ-SPE such as sorbent and its amount, elution solvent and its volume, adsorption and desorption times and pH of sample solution were investigated and optimized. Under the optimized conditions, limit of detection and quantitation values were 0.007 and 0.02?μg/mL, respectively. Recovery data for several real samples were obtained within the range of 88.0–94.0% with a relative standard deviation (RSD) less than 7.5%. The proposed method was successfully applied to quantitative determination of 2,4-D in several vegetables and water samples.     

北京和东京城市道路积尘磁性颗粒物中金属元素的污染特征和健康风险

于2019年8月对中国北京和日本东京城市道路积尘进行了调查。采用磁性分离和电感耦合等离子质谱法对2个城市道路积尘磁性颗粒物中28种金属元素的含量进行了分析,并比较了污染特征和健康风险。结果表明,东京和北京道路积尘中铁（Fe）元素平均含量分别为25.3和21.2 mg/g,磁性颗粒物占积尘比例分别为22.4%和13.0%。东京道路积尘磁性颗粒物受人类活动排放影响较北京显著,其中锌（Zn）和银（Ag）元素含量是北京的7.2和5.6倍。北京道路积尘磁性颗粒物中元素富集率远高于东京,以铬（Cr）、镍（Ni）等金属元素最为明显。东京和北京道路积尘磁性颗粒物的非致癌风险和致癌风险均低于安全阈值,但致癌风险分别达到6.9×10^-7和6.3×10^-7,接近10^-6的可接受水平,应引起相关部门的关注。手口摄入是非致癌金属元素日平均暴露的首要途径,皮肤接触途径的非致癌物健康风险最高,Cr是导致道路积尘磁性颗粒物健康风险的首要元素。     

高速磁浮铁路轨道梁振动分析及控制研究

磁浮车辆系统动力学的研究 ,直接影响到磁浮列车安全行车、运行平稳性、线路设计及系统造价。以德国Transrapid高速磁浮铁路系统为基础 ,笔者采用动力有限元和耦合振动理论 ,建立了高速磁浮车辆 -轨道梁动力学模型 ,通过仿真计算后 ,得到了系统动力响应特征 ,为磁浮车辆平稳运行及高架线路优化设计 ,提供了理论依据。在此基础上 ,为保证运行安全 ,又对轨道梁设计提出了建议并给出了降低振动的措施。