大连海域大气气溶胶物质来源分析

在大连海域采集４４个气溶胶样品，利用离子色谱法及原子吸收分光光度法测定其中的ＳＯ４＾２－ｌ，ＮＯ３＾－、Ｃｌ＾－、Ｎａ＾＋、Ｍｇ＾２＋，ＮＨ４＾＋，Ａｌ，Ｆｅ，Ｍｎ，Ｖ，Ｚｎ，Ｃｏ，Ｃｕ，Ｐｂ，Ｃｄ，应用因子分析，回归分析及比值分析对气溶胶物质来源进行鉴别，结果表明，大连海域大气气溶胶物质主要来自海水、气态物、土壤态、煤烟尘、燃油灰和工业废料。     

5种海鱼脑AChE对2种有机磷农药的敏感性比较

以鲈鱼、黄鱼、美国红鱼、真鲷和黑鲷为实验材料,采用半抑制浓度(IC_(50))和双分子速率常数(K_i)为指标,通过体外抑制作用比较了5种海鱼脑乙酰胆碱酯酶[AChE(EC 3.1.1.7)]对马拉硫磷和甲基对硫磷的敏感性。结果表明:(1)5种海鱼脑AChE基础活性为10.18～22.64[μmol/(min·g)],黄鱼的酶活性最高,鲈鱼的酶活性最低。(2)对马拉硫磷,由IC_(50)所得到的AChE敏感性为:黄鱼、鲈鱼、真鲷>黑鲷>美国红鱼;由K_i所得到的AChE敏感性为:鲈鱼、黄鱼、真鲷>黑鲷>美国红鱼。对甲基对硫磷,由IC_(50)所得到的AChE敏感性为:鲈鱼>黄鱼、真鲷、黑鲷>美国红鱼;由K_i所得到的AChE敏感性为:鲈鱼、黄鱼、黑鲷>真鲷>美国红鱼。鲈鱼和黄鱼对2种有机磷农药都较为敏感。(3)鱼脑AChE活力抑制作用与水体中的有机磷农药具有良好的剂量—效应关系。在1～100mg/L浓度范围内,两者间呈现较好的线性相关性,其相关系数基本上都在0.98以上。根据AChE的敏感性及其对有机磷农药的线性响应程度,黄鱼和鲈鱼脑AChE分别适于作为监测马拉硫磷和甲基对硫磷的指示酶。     

Sources and characteristics of fine particles over the Yellow Sea and Bohai Sea using online single particle aerosol mass spectrometer

Marine aerosols over the East China Seas are heavily polluted by continental sources. During the Chinese Comprehensive Ocean Experiment in November 2012, size and mass spectra of individual atmospheric particles in the size range from 0.2 to 2.0 μm were measured on board by a single particle aerosol mass spectrometer(SPAMS). The average hourly particle number(PN)was around 4560 ± 3240 in the South Yellow Sea(SYS), 2900 ± 3970 in the North Yellow Sea(NYS), and 1700 ± 2220 in the Bohai Sea(BS). PN in NYS and BS varied greatly over 3 orders of magnitude, while that in SYS varied slightly. The size distributions were fitted with two log-normal modes. Accumulation mode dominated in NYS and BS, especially during episodic periods. Coarse mode particles played an important role in SYS. Particles were classified using an adaptive resonance theory based neural network algorithm(ART-2a). Six particle types were identified with secondary-containing, aged sea-salt, soot-like, biomass burning, fresh sea-salt,and lead-containing particles accounting for 32%, 21%, 18%, 16%, 4%, and 3% of total PN,respectively. Aerosols in BS were relatively enriched in particles from anthropogenic sources compared to SYS, probably due to emissions from more developed upwind regions and indicating stronger influence of continental outflow on marine environment. Variation of source types depended mainly on origins of transported air masses. This study examined rapid changes in PN, size distribution and source types of fine particles in marine atmospheres. It also demonstrated the effectiveness of high-time-resolution source apportionment by ART-2a.     

Levels and distribution of organophosphorus flame retardants and plasticizers in fishes from Manila Bay, the Philippines

Organophosphorus compounds (OPCs) and stable isotope ratios (δ¹³C and δ¹⁵N) were determined in 58 fishes belonging to 20 species collected from Manila Bay, the Philippines. OPCs were detected in most of the samples and found up to μg/g lw (lipid weight) level, suggesting their ubiquitous presence in the coastal marine environment of the Philippines. Higher levels (>1000 ng/g lw) of total OPCs were determined in yellowstriped goatfish, silver sillago, tripletail wrasse and bumpnose trevally indicates either their active uptake from ambient water or lower metabolic capacity of these species. Levels of triphenyl phosphate (TPhP) in demersal species showed a positive correlation with δ¹⁵N, indicating that TPhP was adsorbed onto the particle, settled down to the bottom sediment and accumulated through the benthic food web rather than the pelagic. Estimated dietary intake of OPCs in Manila Bay fishes were four to five orders of magnitude lower than the proposed reference dose (RfD).     

我国海洋资源开发利用综合效益评价研究

研究构建了我国海洋资源开发利用综合效益评价的指标体系,采用全排列多边形图示指标评价方法,对我国海洋资源开发利用综合效益状况进行了定量评价。结果表明,综合指数在2006年为0.381,在2009年为0.508。评价方法避免了目前评价研究中的弊病,既减少了主观随意性又反映了系统整合原理。     

森林凋落物对土壤酸化缓冲作用的初步研究

阔叶树木荷凋落物的灰分元素含量以及分解速率大大高于针叶树杉木凋落物。相比之下,木荷凋落物具有较高的缓冲酸化的潜在能力。覆盖木荷凋落物的土壤,其下渗液盐基含量和PH值与对照相比显著较高,而土壤本身的盐基饱和度和有机质含量也显著较高,土壤酸度和Al/Ca显著较低,即太荷凋落物对土壤酸化有较高的缓冲能力,而杉木凋落物则不然。