基于生命周期的产品碳足迹评价与核算分析

近年来,越来越多的企业对其产品进行碳足迹评价,评价方法主要采用产品碳足迹评价标准提供的碳计量方程,如GHG Protocol、ISO14064、PAS 2050、TS Q 0010等。在介绍相关评价标准的基础上,分析了产品碳足迹的评价步骤,最后利用河北盛华化工有限公司生产的PVC产品为例,给出了基于生命周期的B2B模式的产品碳足迹评价的案例。为企业及相关机构开展碳足迹评价提供借鉴作用。     

O3/H2O2降解水中扑灭通效能研究

利用拟一级降解速率常数表征O3/H2O2对扑灭通(Prometon)的氧化效能,探讨了n(H2O2)/n(O3)、pH值、水质和碳酸氢根离子对去除的影响,对有机氧化产物进行了气相和液相质谱分析,以离子色谱法测定了反应过程中产生的NO3-,在此基础上对扑灭通降解途径进行了研究.结果表明,扑灭通初始浓度2 mg.L-1,反应温度25℃,O3投量13 mg.L-1时,最佳反应条件为n(H2O2)/n(O3)=0.7,体系pH为7～8;扑灭通在自来水中的去除效果好于纯水;HCO3-浓度>50 mg.L-1时,对扑灭通的氧化有明显的抑制作用.液质和气质的分析结果表明扑灭通并未开环,氧化过程中扑灭通三嗪环支链上的2个异丙基首先被氧化脱去,离子色谱检测到的NO3-是三嗪环支链胺基氧化的产物.     

水产品中甲氰菊酯残留的ELISA快速检测

为快速检测水产品中甲氰菊酯的残留,应用水溶性碳化二亚胺(EDC)法将甲氰菊酸与牛血清白蛋白(BSA)和卵清蛋白(OVA)偶联,合成了甲氰菊酯的人工免疫抗原和包被抗原.免疫抗原经紫外扫描和聚丙烯酰胺电泳验证构建成功,用此抗原免疫试验兔子,获得了甲氰菊酯的多克隆抗体.经检测,抗体对甲氰菊酯具有较好的特异性和灵敏性.在此基础上建立了水产品中甲氰菊酯残留的间接ELISA检测法.理想的甲氰菊酯-OVA包被抗原质量浓度为1.6 mg/L,酶标二抗(羊抗兔IgG-HRP)的稀释度为1∶1000,多抗的稀释度为1∶3 200,最适检测范围为20～200 μg/kg,在实际样品检测时的最低检出限为20 μg/kg,接近或达到气相色谱法的测定水平,但检测速度大大提高,可在3 h内完成近百个样品的分析,适合甲氰菊酯的快速检测.     

利用X射线吸收近边结构光谱(XANES)研究水泥窑共处置产品中Ni和Cd的微观组成

在模拟水泥窑中高温煅烧掺有Ni、Cd化学试剂的水泥生料,并由制取的水泥熟料制备水泥净浆片.利用X射线吸收近边结构光谱（XANES）对水泥窑共处置产品中Ni、Cd的微观组成进行了研究.结果表明：Ni在水泥窑煅烧过程中发生了较为彻底的化学变化,形成了Ni-Mg化合物,该化合物可能是以氧化物、氢氧化物或碳酸盐的形式存在;水泥...     

Trace element levels in foetus-mother pairs of short-beaked common dolphins (Delphinus delphis) stranded along the French coasts

Tissues of foetus-mother pairs of common dolphins (Delphinus delphis) stranded along the French coasts (Bay of Biscay and English Channel) were analysed for their Cd, Cu, Hg, Se and Zn contents. In the kidneys, foetal Cd levels were extremely low, and strong relationships between Cu and Zn suggested the involvement of metallothioneins since early foetal life. The results also indicated a limited maternal transfer of Hg during pregnancy since levels in the tissues of foetuses were below 1 microg g(-1) w.wt. However, hepatic Hg levels in foetuses increased with body length, and were also proportionate to maternal hepatic, renal and muscular Hg levels. Lastly, affinities between Hg and Se in tissues would participate in Hg neutralisation in both mothers--through tiemannite granules--and fetuses--through reduced glutathione--counteracting the toxic effects linked to the particularly high quantities of methyl-Hg to which marine mammals are naturally exposed.     

Evaluation of reusing alum sludge for the coagulation of industrial wastewater containing mixed anionic surfactants

A coagulation-flocculation process is typically employed to treat the industrial wastewater generated by the consumer products industry manufacturing detergents, soaps, and others. The expenditure of chemicals including coagulants and chemicals for pH adjustment is costly for treating this wastewater. The objective of this study was to evaluate the feasibility of reusing the aluminum sulfate (alum) sludge as a coagulant or as a coagulation aid so that the fresh alum dosage can be minimized or the removal e ciency can be enhanced. The experiments were conducted in a jar-test apparatus simulating the coagulation-flocculation process for simultaneous removals of organic matters, anionic surfactants, suspended solids, and turbidity. At the optimum initial pH value of 10 and the fresh alum concentration of 400 mg/L, the total suspended solids (TSS), total chemical oxygen demand (TCOD), total anionic surfactants, and turbidity removal e ciencies were 71.5%, 76.4%, 95.4%, and 98.2%, respectively. The addition of alum sludge as a coagulant alone without any fresh alum addition could significantly remove the turbidity, TCOD, and anionic surfactants. The TSS was left in the supernatants after the settling period, but would subsequently be removed by adding the fresh alum. The TSS, TCOD, and turbidity removal e ciencies were also enhanced when both the alum sludge and the fresh alum were employed. The TCOD removal e ciency over 80% has been accomplished, which has never fulfilled by using the fresh alum alone. It is concluded that the alum sludge could be reused for the treatment of industrial wastewater generated by the consumer products industry.     

碳氮比对废水好氧脱氮中含氮气态产物的影响

针对目前人们对好氧脱氮中气态产物认识不清的问题,采用SBR反应器,以人工配制的NO3--N废水为处理对象,对影响好氧脱氮的COD/N进行了深入研究,测定了三种主要含氮气态产物(NO、NO2、N2O),揭示了好氧状态下生物脱氮的途径和机理。通过对COD/N分别为9、12、15、18的系统氮元素的全程跟踪测定,得到系统内各含氮化合物的变化规律。结果表明,三种气体的产生同COD/N有着密切的关系,低C/N会导致NO、NO2和N2O的积累,最多达总脱氮量的9%。研究结果还表明当进水COD/N为15时,既保证了良好的脱氮效果且抑制了NO、NO2、N2O三种有害气体的大量产生。     

廊坊市环保产业发展现状与市场需求分析

针对目前廊坊市环保产业发展现状及存在的问题,以及今后一段时间内环保产品市场的需求进行了分析,并提出了一些建议。     

Formation pathways of brominated products from benzophenone-4 chlorination in the presence of bromide ions

The brominated products, formed in chlorination treatment of benzophenone-4 in the presence of bromide ions, were identified, and the formation pathways were proposed.Under disinfection conditions, benzophenone-4 would undertake electrophilic substitution generating mono- or di-halogenated products, which would be oxidized to esters and further hydrolyzed to phenol derivatives. The generated catechol intermediate would be transformed into furan-like heterocyclic product. The product species were p H-dependent,while benzophenone-4 elimination was chlorine dose-dependent. When the chlorination treatment was performed on ambient water spiked with benzophenone-4 and bromide ions, most of brominated byproducts could be detected, and the acute toxicity significantly increased as well.     

橡胶制品工业环境影响评价重点问题研究

建设项目环境影响报告编制过程中常因未注意到某些关键问题的论述,而使环境影响报告缺乏科学性和可靠性,导致环境影响评价结论依据不足.为使建设项目从环境保护角度分析更具有可行性,以某橡胶制品项目为例,总结了橡胶制品工业项目环境影响评价文件中需注意的几个要点问题,为环境保护主管部门审批环境影响评价文件提供必要的依据,为此类项目更好地开展环境保护工作提供指导.