河南省地表水源中PPCPs分布及生态风险评价

新兴污染物药物及个人护理品(pharmaceuticals and personal care products,PPCPs)在水环境中的赋存会对水生生物产生不良影响,饮水水源地PPCPs 的存在更可能对人类健康造成危害.对河南省5 个代表性饮用水水源中PPCPs 的污染赋存进行了采样调查,并进行了相关的溯源分析和生态...     

典型橡胶制品业VOCs排放特征及对周边环境影响

选取衡水市3家典型橡胶制品企业作为研究对象,通过GC-MS/FID对其VOCs排放特征进行研究,并运用最大增量反应活性系数(maximum incremental reactivity,MIR)和气溶胶生成系数(fractional aerosol coefficient,FAC)分别对其臭氧生成潜势(ozone formaiton potential,OFP)和二次有机气溶胶(secondary organic aerosol,SOA)生成潜势进行评估.结果表明,橡胶制品行业的VOCs排放种类主要包括烷烃类、酮类、醛类、醇类和苯系物等.对于传统的只有炼胶工艺和硫化工艺的橡胶制品企业,其特征污染物主要为酮类和醇类,而对于涉及涂胶工艺和喷漆工艺的橡胶制品企业来说,其特征污染物为苯系物.对典型生产工艺的臭氧和SOA的生成潜势进行了评估:臭氧影响方面,对于不涉及涂胶和喷漆工艺的橡胶制品企业,臭氧生成贡献主要来自于含氧烃,对于涉及涂胶和喷漆工艺的企业,由于胶黏剂和漆料等有机溶剂的大量使用,苯系物对臭氧生成的贡献还是要远远大于其它VOCs物种,占到了VOCs总贡献的82.9%; SOA影响方面,...     

The shifting sea: from soft space to lively space

It is widely acknowledged that marine spatial planning (MSP) should be responsive to the dynamism of the marine environment and the relatively tenuous human relationship with the sea. However, MSP remains conceptualised within rationalistic terms that limit this potential. This article places MSP within the context of spatial theory that holds greater promise for developing more progressive practice. Firstly, the interrelation of MSP with current notions of soft space (less formal, cross-cutting spatialities) is explored, suggesting that MSP is expressing some of the geographical and institutional freedoms of soft space, and may contribute new insights to this concept. Secondly, a progressive framework is developed that builds upon soft space principles. This draws in, on the one hand, underlying relational understandings of space, and on the other hand, insights from marine contexts. This leads to a picture of marine space-being-planned as lively space, expressing, amongst other things, the sea’s materiality. This concept is illustrated through an application of the framework to a strategic MSP exercise for the Baltic Sea region. Finally, it is suggested that MSP itself should be reconceptualised as immersed into this spatial ontology, with the agents and practices of planning taking their place within the wider assemblage of marine actants and relations.     

Water pollution footprints induced by industrial import and export in China

With the rapid development of foreign trade in China, industrial import and export has been an absolute subject in recent years. The huge trade surplus of import and export trade of industrial products brings not only high profits, but also pollution costs as well. Based on the concept of water pollution footprints (WPFs), this study applies the input-output method and calculates pollutant-producing coefficients of 20 major industrial sectors in China and investigates the WPFs caused by the import and export trades of these industrial sectors. The research results show that WPF resulting from exports exceeds that of imports from 2011 to 2015 in China. The net inflow of pollution footprint is mainly from paper mills, printing and stationery manufacturing, and textile industry; whereas a great number of WPFs are transferred to other countries by these sectors, such as metal mining and dressing industry and oil and natural gas exploitation industry.     

城市污水中有关新型微污染物PPCPs归趋研究的进展

药品和个人护理用品 (PPCPs) 是最近十年引起关注的新型有机微量污染物,其引起的环境安全风险受到人们越来越多的关注。一些研究发现,城市污水处理厂出水中存在着一定浓度的PPCPs,城市污水排放是PPCPs进入环境的一条重要途径。从城市污水中PPCPs的分析方法、迁移转化和减量化技术研究等三个方面综述了有关PPCPs在城市污水中归趋的研究进展,介绍了我国城市污水中PPCPs的研究现状;并对在我国进行相关研究提出了建议,以期推动相关研究的开展。     

Fish products available in Polish market – Assessment of the nutritive value and human exposure to dioxins and other contaminants

Chemical analyses were performed on one hundred and twenty of the most popular varieties of fish products (smoked fish, salted fish, and marinated fish) of the fish market in Poland. The contents of the nutritive substances of fish products (protein, micro- and macronutrients, vitamins A₁, D₃, E, and fatty acids) and the chosen contaminant (toxic metals – mercury, cadmium, lead, arsenic; dioxin/furans – PCDDFs; dioxin-like PCB – dl-PCBs; seven congeners of polybrominated diphenyl ethers – PBDEs; organochlorine pesticides – ΣDDT, HCB, ΣHCH and marker polychlorinated biphenyls – PCB₇) levels were determined. It was confirmed that fish products are a good source of digestible proteins, iodine, selenium, and vitamin D₃. The fundamental nutritive benefit of processed fish lies in its highly beneficial fatty acid composition, which is what imparts them healthy nutritive qualities. The high content of long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LC-PUFAs), which is not noted in other food products, is particularly important.The majority of contaminants studied were present in low levels. The possible threats, particularly in the case of pregnant/nursing women and young children, can pose the levels of dioxin/furans (PCDD/Fs) and dioxin-like (dl-PCBs) in smoked Baltic salmon and smoked sprat, elevated in a relation to particular requirements concerning the content of sum of PCDD/Fs and dl-PCBs in fish (8 pg WHO-TEQ g⁻¹).The health benefits and risks stemming from consumption of fish products were determined according to the Provisional Tolerable Weekly Intake (PTWI) for chosen contaminants (Cd, Hg, As, PCDD/Fs + dl-PCB) and the quantity of ingredients that render a fish diet healthy based on data from the EFSA Journal [EFSA (European Food Safety Authority), 2005. Opinion of the scientific panel on contaminants in the food chain on a request from the European Parliament related to the safety assessment of wild and farmed fish. EFSA J. 236, 1–118]. In regard of high content of LC-PUFAa and other nutritive ingredients, fish products available in Polish market may be considered as healthy food.However, many authors point at contaminants (methylmercury, PCDD/Fs) occurring in fish and fish products as on potential health problem, and emphasize that the amount of that hazardous substances should be limited in human diet.     

Ocean to continent transfer of atmospheric Se as revealed by epiphytic lichens

There is still a long-term debate concerning the relative contributions of naturally emitted and anthropogenic Se at the regional and local scales. Here, Se and heavy metal concentrations are reported for epiphytic lichens collected in coastal and inland areas from the USA, Canada and France for assessing atmospheric Se source. Correlations found between Se and Cl in lichens confirmed the major marine biogenic source for atmospheric Se. Continental samples do not show systematic relationships between Se and other metal (Pb, Cu, In …) contents, even for lichens collected in the vicinity of smelters or close to urban areas. Our results suggest that, although anthropogenic Se may be present, the marine biogenic Se source is a major contributor to atmospheric Se for our sampling locations. The contribution of naturally emitted atmospheric Se may be significant in urban and industrial areas and should be taken into account for further studies.     

Concentration of radionuclides in hydrosphere affected by Temelín Nuclear Power Plant in Czech Republic

The paper presents results of a long-term field study of the possible impact of Temelín NPP on the Vltava and Elbe Rivers. The study was divided into 2 stages: before and after the operation of the NPP. The main goal of the investigation before the operation (1989–2000) was to determine the background levels of radionuclides resulting from the tests of nuclear weapons and the Chernobyl accident for different components of the environment. The paper discusses also the risk of a river radioactive contamination due to the tritium discharges in wastewater from Temelín NPP. During the operation period of 2001–2006, the results of the monitoring did not detect any impact of Temelín NPP on the concentrations of activation and fission products in the hydrosphere, apart from tritium. The annual average tritium concentrations in the Vltava River correspond with the previously calculated predictions for the conditions of the average and minimum guaranteed flows. The maximum concentration of tritium of 26.6 Bq/l in Vltava River at Prague was observed after dry period in 2003.     

光催化法与生物法结合降解咪唑类离子液体

采用纳米TiO2光催化与生物降解相结合的方法,考察了3种1,3-二烷基咪唑类氯型离子液体的降解过程,并用HPLC-MS方法鉴定了光催化降解的碎片和可能的结构。结果表明,在相同条件下3,种离子液体光催化降解的速率次序为1-丁基-3-甲基咪唑氯盐（BmimCl）〉1-己基-3-甲基咪唑氯盐（HmimCl）≈1-辛基3-甲基咪唑氯盐（OmimCl）。BmimCl的光催化降解曲线符合一级动力学方程,最佳催化剂用量为0.5 g/L。HPLC-MS分析表明,光催化降解是咪唑开环氧化的过程,生成众多部分氧化碎片。离子液体水溶液的光催化预处理有利于提高其后续的活性污泥生物降解性能。     

Accidental Versus Operational Oil Spills from Shipping in the Baltic Sea: Risk Governance and Management Strategies

Marine governance of oil transportation is complex. Due to difficulties in effectively monitoring procedures on vessels en voyage, incentives to save costs by not following established regulations on issues such as cleaning of tanks, crew size, and safe navigation may be substantial. The issue of problem structure is placed in focus, that is, to what degree the specific characteristics and complexity of intentional versus accidental oil spill risks affect institutional responses. It is shown that whereas the risk of accidental oil spills primarily has been met by technical requirements on the vessels in combination with Port State control, attempts have been made to curb intentional pollution by for example increased surveillance and smart governance mechanisms such as the No-Special-Fee system. It is suggested that environmental safety could be improved by increased use of smart governance mechanisms tightly adapted to key actors’ incentives to alter behavior in preferable directions.