全文获取类型
收费全文 | 317篇 |
免费 | 12篇 |
国内免费 | 104篇 |
专业分类
安全科学 | 18篇 |
废物处理 | 14篇 |
环保管理 | 17篇 |
综合类 | 162篇 |
基础理论 | 49篇 |
污染及防治 | 126篇 |
评价与监测 | 30篇 |
社会与环境 | 12篇 |
灾害及防治 | 5篇 |
出版年
2024年 | 2篇 |
2023年 | 2篇 |
2022年 | 12篇 |
2021年 | 12篇 |
2020年 | 7篇 |
2019年 | 6篇 |
2018年 | 12篇 |
2017年 | 12篇 |
2016年 | 19篇 |
2015年 | 15篇 |
2014年 | 25篇 |
2013年 | 31篇 |
2012年 | 24篇 |
2011年 | 34篇 |
2010年 | 15篇 |
2009年 | 40篇 |
2008年 | 23篇 |
2007年 | 29篇 |
2006年 | 18篇 |
2005年 | 11篇 |
2004年 | 13篇 |
2003年 | 13篇 |
2002年 | 5篇 |
2001年 | 11篇 |
2000年 | 6篇 |
1999年 | 10篇 |
1998年 | 2篇 |
1997年 | 5篇 |
1996年 | 3篇 |
1995年 | 3篇 |
1994年 | 3篇 |
1993年 | 2篇 |
1992年 | 3篇 |
1986年 | 2篇 |
1983年 | 1篇 |
1982年 | 1篇 |
1968年 | 1篇 |
排序方式: 共有433条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
71.
环渤海河流COD入海通量及其对渤海海域COD总量的贡献 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
于2013年8月~2014年10月,分季节对环渤海36条入海河流进行了4次调查采样,核算其COD入海通量,并评估其对渤海水质的影响.结果表明,大部分河流都受到了严重污染(COD为地表IV类),但污染最重的河流并不是COD入海通量最大的河流,COD的最大值和COD入海通量的最大值不具有一致性;环渤海河流排入渤海的CODCr的年入海通量最大(606万t),其次是酸性CODMn的入海通量(62万t),碱性CODMn最小,为53万t;环渤海河流在丰水期COD的入海通量约占全年的68%,其次是平水期(28%),枯水期最小(4%);整个渤海海域的碱性CODMn总量为239万t,其中环渤海河流输入约占25%. 相似文献
72.
David T. Welsh 《Chemistry and Ecology》2013,29(5):321-342
Benthic macrofaunal populations through their feeding, bioturbation, burrow construction and sediment irrigation activities have profound influences on organic matter inputs to marine sediments (biodeposition) and on the vertical distribution of deposited organic matter within the sediment. These effects in turn influence the rates and pathways of organic matter mineralisation, and element cycles. Similarly, bioturbation, burrow construction and burrow irrigation are major determinants of sediment-water column fluxes of oxygen and nutrients. In this review, I discuss the influences of the different benthic macrofaunal feeding (functional) groups on mineralisation processes and sediment-water column fluxes of particulate and dissolved nutrients. How these effects influence diagenic processes, the balance between aerobic and anaerobic processes, and the redox status of the surficial sediments. Finally, I discuss some of the limitations of the predominantly laboratory techniques which have been used to study “macrofaunal effects” and how this hinders the inclusion of the effects in quantitative sediment biogeochemical models. 相似文献
73.
To explore the role of endophytic fungi in the decomposition of litter, the endophytic fungi Penicillium sp. strain CG2 (A), Fusarium flavum strain AY13 (B), and Talaromyces strain AJ14 (C) of Cunninghamia lanceolata were added to experimental pots in different forms (mycelium, sterilized fermentation broth, single fungus, and mixed fungi), and a control treatment (CK) was set up (no fungi added). At 10, 30, 60, 90, and 120 days after litter decomposition, a study on the decomposition dynamics of C. lanceolata litter under different treatments was performed. The results showed that the rate of leaf mass loss was the highest in the sterilized fermentation broth treatment A after 120 days, and that there was a significant difference (P < 0.05) between the mycelium treatment AC and the control treatment after 60 days (23.97% higher than the control group). On day 60, the litter carbon content from the mycelium treatment A was significantly different from that of the control (P < 0.05), showing a 16.74% lower value, whereas the litter carbon content of the mycelium treatment B was 21.13% lower than that of the control after 90 days. The nitrogen content of the litters of most mycelium and sterilized fermentation broth treatments was increased compared to that of the control group; there was significant difference (P < 0.05) between the sterilized fermentation broth treatment A and the control (P < 0.05), with a 17.05% higher value than that of the control. Similar to nitrogen, the litter phosphorus content also increased; there was a statistically significant difference between the mycelium treatment A and the control group, with treatment A showing a 46.67% higher value than the control group. The potassium content was 28% lower than that of the control group under the sterilized fermentation broth treatment C, a result that was significantly different from that of the control group (P < 0.05). After treatment for 90 days, the ratio of carbon to nitrogen was the lowest under the treatments with the mycelium A and the mycelium B, with values 25.54% and 25.11% lower than that of the control group, respectively, and a statistically significant difference from that of the control group (P < 0.05). The ratio of carbon to phosphorus was the lowest under the treatment with mycelium A after 60 days, and the result was significantly different from that of the control (P < 0.05), with a 43.05% lower value than the control. Thus, the three endophytic fungi had different effects on the mass loss rate and nutrient content of the litter. The Penicillium sp. strain CG2 (A) had statistically significant effects on the mass loss and nutrient content of leaf litter, which was within the range of fungi fertilizer reference values for the breeding of C. lanceolata. © 2018 Science Press. All rights reserved. 相似文献
74.
Modeling estuarine-shelf exchanges in a deltaic estuary: Implications for coastal carbon budgets and hypoxia 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
The export of wetland-derived materials to the coastal ocean (i.e., the “Outwelling” hypothesis) has received considerable attention over the past several decades. While a number of studies have shown that estuaries export appreciable amounts of nutrients and carbon, few studies have attempted to estimate the importance of estuarine sources for the coastal carbon budgets in river-dominated coastal ecosystems. A novel tidal prism model was developed to examine estuarine-shelf exchanges in the Barataria estuary, a deltaic estuary located in the north-central Gulf of Mexico. This estuary has been the site of a massive wetland loss, and it has been hypothesized that carbon export from the eroding coastal wetlands supports the development of a large hypoxic zone in the coastal Gulf of Mexico. The model results show that the Barataria estuary receives nitrogen through the tidal passes and releases carbon to the coastal ocean. The mean calculated tidal water discharge of 6930 m3 s−1 is equivalent to about 43% of the lower Mississippi River discharge. The annual total organic carbon (TOC) export is 109 million kg, or 57 gC m2 yr−1 when prorated to the total water area of the estuary. This carbon export is equivalent to a loss of 0.5 m of wetland soil horizon over an area of 8.4 km2, and accounts for about 34% of the observed annual wetland loss in the estuary between 1978 and 2000. Compared to the lower Mississippi River, the Barataria estuary appears to be a very small source of TOC for the northern Gulf of Mexico (2.7% of riverine TOC), and is unlikely to have a significant influence on the development of the Gulf's hypoxia. 相似文献
75.
This article focuses on modelling above and below-ground mass loss and nitrogen (N) dynamics based on the wooden dowels (Gonystylus bancanus [Miq.] Kurz) of the decadal Long-term Intersite Decomposition Experiment (LIDET) data. These dowels were placed at 27 locations across North and Central America, involving tropical, temperate and boreal forests, grasslands, wetlands and the tundra. The dowel, inserted vertically into the soil with one half remaining exposed to the air, revealed fast mass and N losses under warm to humid conditions, and slow losses under wet as well as cold to dry conditions. The model formulation, referred to as the Wood Decomposition Model, or WDM, related these losses to (i) mean annual precipitation, mean monthly January and July air temperatures, and (ii) mean annual actual evapotranspiration (AET) at each location. The resulting calibrations conformed well to the time-in-field averages for mass remaining by location: R2 = 0.83 and 0.90 for the lower and upper parts, respectively. These values dropped, respectively, to 0.41 and 0.55 for the N concentrations, and to 0.28 and 0.43 for N remaining. These reductions likely refer to error propagation and to as yet unresolved variations in N transference into and out of the wood specific to each individual dowel location. Recalibrating the model parameters by ecosystem type reduced the R2 values for actual versus best-fitted mass loss by about 0.15. Doing the same without location- or ecosystem-specific adjustments reduced the R2 values further, by about 0.3. 相似文献
76.
Increase of sewage sludge (SS) has led to the construction of more incineration plants, exacerbating to the production of SS incineration residues. However, few studies have considered the mass balance of elements in large-scale SS incineration plants, affecting the residues treatment and utilization. In this study, flow analysis was conducted for major and trace elements in the SS, the fly ash (sewage sludge ash, SSA) and bottom ash from two large-scale SS incineration plants. The elemental characteristics were compared with those of coal fly ash (CFA), and air pollution control residues from municipal solid waste incineration (MSWIA), as well as related criteria. The results showed that the most abundant major element in SSA was Si, ranging from 120 to 240 g/kg, followed by Al (76–348 g/kg), Ca (26–113 g/kg), Fe (35–80 g/kg), and P (26–104 g/kg), and the trace elements were mainly Zn, Ba, Cu, and Mn. Not all the major elements were derived from SS. Most trace elements in the SS incineration residues accounted for 82.4%–127% of those from SS, indicating that SS was the main source of trace elements. The partitioning of heavy metals in the SS incineration residues showed that electrostatic precipitator ash or cyclone ash with high production rates were the major pollutant sinks. The differences in some major and trace elements could be indicators to differentiate SSA from CFA and MSWIA. Compared with related land criteria, the pollutants in SSA should not be ignored during disposal and utilization. 相似文献
77.
为探究海州露天矿东邦废弃采空区自然发火状态,基于采空区遗煤自燃特性和气体扩散理论,采用智能土壤气体通量监测系统,以月为单位,对东邦自燃采空区上覆地表CO2通量开展长周期、多测点连续性监测试验;根据试验区域内地表CO2通量和土壤温度分布特征,探究地下火区释放CO2的地表涌出范围和变化情况;同时,着眼于温室气体排放的评估,计算试验区域内的CO2涌出量,并分析其随时间的变化特征。结果表明:地表CO2通量与土壤温度有明显正相关性;试验区域地表CO2高通量区域呈逐月扩大和递增的趋势;CO2涌出量随月份逐渐递增,试验区域年CO2涌出量约为3.6×106 m3。 相似文献
78.
79.
80.
从传质和生化反应基本过程出发,经合理简化,将复杂的生物填料塔中三相传质生化反应过程综合为一个有效生化反应过程并得到其数学模型。模型中综合参数——总传质有效因数η可通过容易测定的本征反应和实际反应速率来确定;实验研究了不同入塔污水CODCr和入塔水量对η的影响。结果表明:入塔污水CODCr较高时,有较大的孕;当入塔水量增大,传质效果增加η增大。 相似文献