Bioaccumulation of metals in human blood in industrially contaminated area

The consumption of contaminated food crops, meat and milk has significantly increased the concentrations of trace metals in human blood as compared to the control area.     

考虑移动医院的因灾受损血液供应链网络重构

为快速恢复因灾受损的血液供应链的救援能力,针对血液这一重要医疗物资,研究考虑移动医院的应急供应链重构。设计包含移动医院和临时献血点选址、血液外调与自采和血液与伤员转运的混合整数规划模型,并以红细胞为例,将模型应用于我国龙门山地震带的灾害救治案例中。结果表明:重构的供应链能够综合运用移动医院等资源,快速恢复血液救援能力,最大程度缓解灾害影响。即便是在灾情最严重的情况下,缺血量可减少12.95%。管理者在进行人道主义应急救援决策时,应综合考虑移动医院等医疗资源的有效利用。     

Does the mechanism of sex determination constrain the potential for sex manipulation? A test in geckos with contrasting sex-determining systems

The concentration of yolk steroids was suggested to influence offspring gender in oviparous animals subject to both temperature-dependent sex determination (TSD) and genotypic sex determination (GSD). However, the proposed mechanisms of steroid effects are thought to differ between TSD and GSD: a direct effect of oestrogens on gonad feminisation in TSD species vs a differential induction of male-producing or female-producing gametes in GSD species. Geckos offer an ideal opportunity for testing these suggested mechanisms. Closely related gecko species differ in their modes of sex determination. They lay clutches of two synchronously formed eggs; both eggs share equal steroid levels. If identical hormonal composition and environment during vitellogenesis, gravidity and incubation determine the sex of the progeny, siblings should share the same gender in both TSD and GSD geckos. We found strong support for this prediction in a TSD gecko species. Among clutches that were incubated at the temperature that produced both sexes, there were no clutches with siblings of the opposite sex. On the other hand, about half of the clutches yielded siblings of the opposite sex in four GSD species. These results suggest that sex-determining systems constrain the ability of the female to produce single-sex siblings and, hence, it seems that the GSD mechanism constrains the opportunities for sex ratio manipulation in geckos via yolk steroid manipulation.     

二硫化碳对作业工人心血管系统的影响

对80名接触二硫化碳的生产工人进行了血脂和心血管系统影响的调查.结果显示,接触组的收缩压和舒张压均值与对照组相比,均明显增高(收缩压t=4.15,P＜0.01;舒张压t=2.89,P＜0.01);心电图异常和高血压发生率两组相比,接触组亦明显高于对照组,差异有极显著性意义(心电图异常χ2=23.06,P＜0.01;高血压χ2=18.03,P＜0.01);但血脂(TC,TG,HDL-C,LDL-C)检查,两组相比,差别均无显著性意义(P均＞0.05).研究显示,较长时间接触二硫化碳对心血管系统可产生影响,表现为血压升高,心电功能异常.     

珠江三角洲地区男性血液中多溴联苯醚暴露水平与精液质量的研究

采集了珠江三角洲地区103名成年男性的血液和精液样本,运用冷冻干燥-ASE萃取-GC-MS方法测定了血液中多溴联苯醚(PBDEs)含量,并按照WHO的精子质量检测标准及仪器操作规范检测精液质量,分析了血液中PBDEs与男性精液质量之间的相关性,同时,探讨了不同因素与血液中PBDEs含量之间的关系.结果表明,不同年龄对血液中PBDEs含量的影响未呈现一致的趋势,除BDE-47外,不同体重指数(BMI)人群组单个PBDEs含量差异不显著,吸烟者血液中PBDEs含量高于不吸烟者,饮酒者和不饮酒者则与之相反,随着学历升高,PBDEs含量水平未有递增或递减的一致规律;BDE-153、BDE-154和BDE-183含量与精液浓度显著负相关,而PBDEs与精子活动性不相关.因此,血液中PBDEs含量与珠江三角洲地区男性精液质量无显著相关性.     

PM10短期暴露对人群空腹血糖和血脂的影响

为探析PM₁₀短期暴露对不同糖代谢水平人群空腹血糖和血脂的影响,以“金昌队列”为研究平台,收集金昌市2011~2017年污染物数据及气象数据.采用近邻模型完成个体PM₁₀暴露评估.运用广义估计方程分析PM₁₀对血糖和血脂指标的影响.采用广义相加混合模型绘制暴露-反应关系曲线.结果表明,PM₁₀浓度每增加一个四分位数间距,空腹血糖(FPG)、总胆固醇(TC)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)和高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)分别升高0.58mg/dL (95% CI:0.35,0.82)、0.38mg/dL (95% CI:0.25,0.52)、0.44mg/dL (95% CI:0.31,0.57)和0.34mg/dL (95% CI:0.29,0.40),甘油三酯(TG)降低0.67mg/dl (95% CI:-0.86,-0.47).随着PM₁₀浓度升高,FPG、TC、LDL-C和HDL-C均呈上升趋势,TG呈下降趋势.PM₁₀对男性、年龄≥60岁者血糖和血脂指标影响更显著.因此,PM₁₀与不同糖代谢状态人群血糖和血脂水平异常密切相关,男性和老年人应加强自身防护.